EMT Exam 5

A 20-year-old male was accidently shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is concious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should

Assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

A 66 yo male presents with dark rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. He is conscious and alert however his skin is cool and clammy and his heart rate is elevated. Further assessment reveals that his BP is 112/60. Which question should you ask

Have you experienced recent abdominal trauma

Peritonitis, an intense inflammitory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when

Hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents

which of the following regarding striated muscle is correct?

It forms the major muscle mass of the body and it usually crosses atleast 1 joint

following blunt abdominal trauma a 30 year old male complains of reffered pain to the left shoulder this is

Kehr sign

The presence of a tachycardia (heart rate that exceeds normal) following a significant abdominal injury

Should be assumed to be a sign of shock

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out inra-abdominal bleeding

Which of the following regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist

you should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with

a hematoma in the flank region

A subluxation occurs when

a joint is completely dislocated

the mesentery is

a membranous fold that attached the intestines to the walls of the body

which of the following is an example of a direct injury

a passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse

A 54 year old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. He is in severe pain and the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The most appropriate treatment:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing

A 76 yo male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. You assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of hi sleft femur just above the knee. distal circulation and sensory and motor funtion are intact the most appropriate method of splinting his injury involves

applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg

injuries to the external male genitalia

are rarely life threatening

with regard to musculoskeletal injuries the zone of injury is defined as the

area of soft-tissue damage surroundign the injury

in moving joints the ends of the bones are covered with

articular cartilage

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should

asses distal pulse, motor, and sensory function s

Your documentation on a sexual assult victim should

be objective and factual

When worn properly a seatbelt should lie

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear- ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:

blind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay

which of the following is regulated by smooth muscle

blood vessels

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and points to tenderness to the area. You assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underware . You should be most suspicious for

blunt injury to the kidney

the musculoskeletal system refers to the

bones and voluntary muscles of the body

A fracture is most accurately defined as a

break in the continuity of the bone

pulmonary edema and impaired vent occur during

cardiogenic shock

when caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula the EMT should

carefully assess the patient for breathing problems

the most commonly fractured bone in the body is the

clavicle

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently

when assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg the EMT should

compare it to the uninjured leg

which of the following regarding compartment syndrome is correct

compartment syndrome typically developes within 6-12 hours after an injury

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and upset. As you are talking to her you notice an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her BP is 98/58 her pulse is 130 and resps are 24 breaths/min. You should

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once

A 54 yo man accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. Exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. Complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot you should

control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing

common signs and symptoms of a spain include all except

deformity

the MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is

delaying transport of a critically injured patient

difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured

diaphragm

the disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a

dislocation

which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would most likely result in deformity

displaced fracture

a supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the

distal humerus

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause

distension

a ____ fracture occurs in the growth section of a childs bone and may lead to bone growth abnormalities

epiphyseal

assessing a persons neurovascular status following musculoskeletal injury includes all of the following except

evaluating proximal pulses

traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the

femur

A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

giving him small sips of plain water

contracting or tensing the ab muscles in an effort to ease pain is called

guarding

when a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen it is known as

guarding

Air bags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts are most beneficial when a person is involved in a

head-on crash

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is

hematuria

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of the deformity

if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting

compression injury is most likely due to which of the following

improperly placed lab belt

Ab pain, vomiting and fever are most likely due to

infection

which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys

injury to the kidneys usually indicated injury to other organs also

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventillations with a bag-mask device

during your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice brusing around the umbilicus. This is a sign of

intra-abdominal bleeding

in pediatric patients the liver adn the spleen are

larger in proportion to the abdomen

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her BF. En route you should ask the dispatcher if

law enforcement is at the scene

while splinitng a possible fracture of the foot it is MOST important for the EMT to

leave the toes exposed

While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head on with her small passenger car you note that her airbag deployed you should

lift the air bag and look for deformity to the steering wheel

the MOST common and significant complications associated with fracutres or dislocations of the knee is

ligamnet and cartilage damage

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs except the

liver

brusing to the URQ after blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of an injury to the

liver

which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured

liver

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would most likely experience an accompanying fracture of the

lumbar spine

placing a pregnant woman in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when

muscle decreases in size and function becasue fo disease or trauma

of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is considered to be the LEAST severe

nondisplaced pelvic fracture

when should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient

only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to the patients life

pelvic fracture with hypotension

which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock

pelvis

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen

peritonitis may not develop for several hours

when a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen

peritonitis may not develop for several hours

the MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is

point tenderness

compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of

poorly placed lap belt

crepitus and false motion are

positive indicators of a fracture

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation

the purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to

prevent further injury

because the depth of an open abdominal wound is difficult to determine

prompt trasport to the hospital is essential

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the

proximal femur

the PASG is absolutely contradicted in patients who have

pulmonary edema

early brusing following abdominal trauma often manifests as

red areas of skin

the pectoral girdle consists of the

scapulae and clavicles

which of the following types of muscle is under direct volntary control of the brain

skeletal

which of the following joints allows no motion

skull sutures

what type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures

smooth

A 31 yo male fell and landed on his left elbow. your assessment revels that the elbow is grossly deformed his forearm is cool and pale and the distal pulse on the side of the injury is barely palpable . transport to the nearest hospital is nearly 15 min you should

splint the elbow in the position found and transport

A ___ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial streching or tearing of the supporting ligaments

sprain

A 22-year old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head on. As you approach her you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment

During your rapid assessment of a 30yo male who fell 25' you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. BP is 80/50 heart rate is 120b/ min and weak.

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine

skeletal muscle is also refered to as ___ muscle

striated

deformity caused by a fracture would most likely be masked by

swelling

skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called

tendons

an open fracture is defined as a fracture in which

the overlying skin is no longer intact

if a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival the only way to confirm the injury is by noting

the patient history

in general musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before movign the patient unless

the patient is clinically unstable

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called

traction

A 22 yo male was punched in the abdomen several times you find him lying on his left side with his knees up. he is conscious alert and complains of severe pain when he tries to straighten his legs. His BP is 142/82 his pulse is 110 and strong and his respirations are 22 b/min. Administer high flow O2 and

transport him in the position you found him

which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture

urinary bladder