Endocrine

The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH. gonadotropins testosterone estrogen oxytocin progesterone

estrogen

Cushing's disease results from an excess of epinephrine. parathyroid hormone. growth hormone. ADH. glucocorticoids.

glucocorticoids

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the adenohypophysis. neurohypophysis. median eminence. infundibulum. hypothalamus.

neurohypophysis

Hormones can operate on the ________ level of organization. tissue organismic cellular organ All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? eicosanoids peptide hormones catecholamines All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

All of the following are correct

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of cortisone. oxytocin. aldosterone. calcitonin. antidiuretic hormone.

aldosterone

The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones in all layers of the cortex. the zona reticularis. the zona fasciculate. the medulla. the zona glomerulosa.

all layers of the cortex

An activated G protein can trigger a fall in cAMP levels. a rise in cAMP levels. the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane. All of the answers are correct.

all of the answers are correct

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to which of the following? increased blood levels of erythropoietin elevated blood levels of angiotensin increased blood levels of renin All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger? ACTH cyclic AMP epinephrine TSH insulin

cyclic AMP

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called eicosanoids. releasing hormones. gonadotropins. steroids. inhibiting hormones.

gonadotropins

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the pancreas. thyroid gland. thymus gland. adrenal glands. hypothalamus.

hypothalamus

The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds called general adaptation syndrome has all the following phases except resistance. alarm. restorative. exhaustion.

restorative

Too little secretion of cortisol causes diabetes insipidus. diabetes mellitus. Addison's disease. goiter. Cushing's disease.

Addison's disease

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses. neuropeptides; neurotransmitters neuropeptides; neurohormones neurotransmitters; neuropeptides neurotransmitters; hormones hormones; neurotransmitters

hormones; neurotransmitters

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is insulin. aldosterone. glucagon. cortisol. somatotropin.

insulin

When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released. protein synthesis decreases. glucagon is released. peripheral cells take up less glucose. peripheral cells break down glycogen.

insulin is released

Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called antagonistic. agonistic. permissive. additive. integrative.

integrative

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are luteinizing hormone. oxytocin. prolactin. oxytocin and luteinizing hormone.

oxytocin

The term used to describe excess production of urine is hematuria. polydipsia. glycosuria. polyuria. None of the answers is correct.

polyurine

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. direct neural stimulation. altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. gap synaptic junctions. indirect osmotic control.

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time. two only one several one or two

several

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is calcitonin. somatotropin. glucagon. parathyroid hormone. thyroxine.

thyroxine

Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the glucocorticoids. androgens. mineralocorticoids. catecholamines. gonadotropins.

glucocorticoids

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces androgens. glucocorticoids. mineralocorticoids. epinephrine. norepinephrine.

glucocorticoids

When one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect, it is called additive. permissive. agonistic. synergistic. antagonistic.

permissive

Melatonin is produced by the thymus. heart. skin. kidneys. pineal gland.

pineal gland

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is TSH. ACTH. FSH. LH. GH.

ACTH

The posterior pituitary gland secretes ADH. ACTH. TSH. FSH. MSH.

ADH

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting thyroid hormone. antidiuretic hormone. GHIH. glucagon. aldosterone.

glucagon

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is TSH. ACTH. FSH. LH. GH.

FSH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is prolactin. MSH. growth hormone. insulin. ACTH.

Growth Hormone

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. Neuropeptides Neurotransmitters Hormones Paracrine factors None of the answers is correct.

Hormones

Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, grow extensive body hair, and stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the zona glomerulosa. zona fasciculata. pars intermedia. zona reticularis. adrenal medulla.

Zona reticularis

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the neurohypophysis. infundibulum. median eminence. adenohypophysis. hypothalamus.

adenohypophysis

Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues? increased oxygen consumption increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation increased heart rate increased body temperature All of the answers are correct.

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin? ductus deferens mammary glands prostate uterus All of the answers are correct.

all of the following answers are correct

The hormone oxytocin is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. rises during sexual arousal. promotes uterine contractions. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

all of the following are correct

The hypophyseal portal system carries ADH and oxytocin. has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. All of the answers are correct. None of the answers is correct.

all of the following are correct

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include steroids. amino acid derivatives. peptides. eicosanoids. All of the answers are correct.

all of the follwoing are correct

When hormones interact they can produce any of the following kinds of effects except integrative. apoptosis. synergistic. permissive. antagonistic.

apoptosis

Steroid hormones are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma. remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. are proteins. bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. cannot diffuse through cell membranes.

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except build up bone. enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys. stimulate osteoclast activity. stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys. inhibit osteoblast activity.

build up bone

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is oxytocin. glucagon. calcitonin. thyroxine. parathyroid hormone.

calcitonin

Peptide hormones are produced by the adrenal glands. derived from the amino acid tyrosine. composed of amino acids. chemically related to cholesterol. lipids.

composed of amino acids

A hormone that promotes glucose formation in the liver is erythropoietin. thymosin. parathormone. aldosterone. cortisol.

cotrisol

The primary function of ADH is to decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys. delay urination. increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys. increase digestive absorption. decrease blood pressure.

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? insulin growth hormone cortisol parathyroid hormone epinephrine

epinephrine