Endocrine review
Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in
Decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose
Hormones known as catecholamines are
Derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in
Diabetes mellitus
The exocrine portion of the pancreas produce
Digestive enzymes.
The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the --- system in many ways
Endocrine
The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and --- organ
Endocrine.
Which hormone increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
Epinephrine
Each hormone is an amino acid derivative
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroid hormone, melatonin, (thyroid stimulating hormone is not!)
The hormone that increases production of red blood cells
Erythropoietin
Follicle cells in the ovary secrete-- when stimulates by FSH
Estrogen
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
FSH
Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release.
FSH, TSH, GH (not ADH)
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex :
Gene transcription is initiated.
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin , the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
Glucagon
Aloha cells are to -- as beta cells are to ---
Glucagon, insulin
The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces
Glucocorticoids
When blood glucose levels fall
Glycogen is released
Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
Gonadotropins
The hypothalamus portal system
Has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins, carries neurosecretions to their anterior love of the pituitary, carries ADH and oxytocin.
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be --- when received into the bloodstream, but --- when released at synapse.
Hormones, neurotransmitters
--- are chemical messengers that are release in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues
Hormones.
The most complex endocrine responses involve the
Hypothalamus.
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of
Hypothyroidism.
Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to
Increased blood levels of renin, elevated blood levels of angiotensin, increased blood levels of erythropoietin
A rise in angiotensin 2 levels would result in
Increased blood volume, increased water retention, increases retention of sodium ions at the kidneys, elevated blood pressure
The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females is
Inhibin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
Insulin
Angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2 by converting enzymes in the
Lungs
Pinealocytes produce
Melatonin
The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces
Mineralocorticoids
In general the effects of natriuretic peptides --- those of angiotensin 11
Oppose
The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is
Oxytocin
Increased levels of hormone --- will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood
PTH
Hormone that does opposite of calcitonin is
Parathyroid hormone
Melatonin is produced by the
Pineal gland
A structure known as the corpus luteum secretes
Progesterone.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammoth gland is
Prolactin
PRL is to-- as ACTH is to---
Prolactin , corticotropin
The following cooperate to prepare the mammary glands for milk secretion
Prolactin, estrogens, progesterone, placental hormones.
The hormone oxytocin.
Promotes uterine contractions, responsible for milk expression, triggers prostate gland contraction.
The following organs contain target cells for oxytocin.
Prostate, ductus deferens, mammary glands, uterus
The endocrine system regulates physiological processes through binding of hormones to
Receptors
Endocrine cells
Release their secretions directly into body fluids
The kidney secretes
Renan, erythropoietin, calcitriol
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to the receptors on the surface of the other cell the :
Second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by
Secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.
The delta cells of the pancreatic islets produce
Somatostatin.
TSH plays a key role in the -- of the thyroid hormknes
Synthesis and release.
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland
TSH
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone
That increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
Peptide hormones are
Composed of amino acids
The suprarenal cortex produces steroid hormones called
Cortiocosteriods
Thyroid hormone contains the element
Iodine.
The primary function of ADH is to decrease the amount of water at the
Kidneys.
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
LH
Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid
Tyrosine.
Hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
Calcitonin.
Receptors for -- peptide hormones and eicosanoids are found in the cell membranes of target cells
Catecholamines
The suprarenal medulla produces
Catecholamines
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is
ACTH
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is
ADH
The posterior pituitary secretes
ADH
When adenylcyclase is activated.
ATP is consumed, cAMP is formed.
Cells of the suprarenal cortex produce
Aldosterone
Hormone that helps regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
Aldosterone.
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidney due to the retention of sodium is the action of
Aldosterone.
The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces
Androgens.
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of
Angiotensin.
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called
Antagonists
Steroid hormones
Are derived from cholesterol, produced by reproductive glands, bind to receptors within the cell, and are lipids
Steroid hormones
Bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus
Blood glucose levels are very high, excessive thirst is shown, glucose is present in the urine in large amounts, a large excretion of urine occurs
When blood glucose levels rise
Insulin is releases
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce
Insulin.
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cell is
Insulin.
A hormone that promotes glucocorticoids in the liver is
Thymosin
The hormone that's important for coordinating the immune response are
Thymosins
The thyroid gland is composed of many-- that produce and store thyroid hormone
Thyroid follicles.
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secretes by the
Thyroid gland
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature.
Thyroxine