Energy and Heat Transfer

Describe the energy conversion used when water runs over a waterfall.

gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy

List the six types of energy.

heat energy chemical energy electromagnetic energy nuclear energy mechanical energy electrical energy

What is heat transfer?

heat energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object

Describe the energy conversion used in this scenario: your body temperature and ability to do work.

chemical energy to thermal energy to kinetic energy

Describe the energy conversion used in this scenario: a car (heat) engine.

thermal energy changes into mechanical energy

At what point can no more energy be removed from matter?

0K

Define the 3 types of heat transfer.

Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct touch of molecules. Convection is the transfer of heat through a liquid. Radiation is the transfer of heat through empty space.

Give an example of each type of heat transfer.

Conduction- hand getting hot from touching a stove Convection- water boiling in a pot Radiation- sun warming earth

Describe the energy conversion used when natural gas is used to heat water.

chemical energy to thermal energy

What is the difference between conductors and insulators?

conductors let heat easily pass through while insulators do not let heat easily pass through

What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can change form, from one type of energy to another

A change from one form of energy to another form of energy is called . . .?

energy conversion or energy transformation

Define the six types of energy.

heat energy- the internal motion of the atoms chemical energy- the potential energy stored in a chemical bond electromagnetic energy- the energy of light and other forms of radiation nuclear energy- energy stored in the nucleus of an atom mechanical energy- energy associated with the motion and position of an object electrical energy- the energy of electric charges

Give an example of the six types of energy.

heat energy- the sun chemical energy- evaporation electromagnetic energy- a light bulb nuclear energy- atomic bomb mechanical energy- speed of a car electrical energy- lightning

What is the addition or loss of thermal energy called?

heat transfer

List 3 examples each of insulators and conductors.

insulators- insulation, styrofoam, paper conductors- metal, wire, penny

What is the SI unit to measure heat?

joules

How would you calculate an object's mechanical energy?

kinetic energy + potential energy

Describe the relationship between the mass of an object and the amount of thermal energy an object has.

mass is the amount of particles in a substance while thermal energy is the amount of energy in the particles in a substance

Describe the energy conversion used when rubbing your hands together on a cold day.

mechanical energy to thermal energy

What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

potential energy is stored energy while kinetic energy is energy in motion

What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object called?

temperature

What is energy?

the ability to do work or cause change

What happens when the temperature reaches the boiling point?

the object will boil; the atoms in the object will move very fast

What happens when the temperature reaches the freezing point?

the object will freeze; the atoms in the object will barely be moving

What happens when the temperature reaches the melting point?

the object will melt; the atoms in the object will move faster

What is combustion?

the process of burning fuel

Where does the energy in fossil fuels originally come from?

the sun

What is thermal expansion?

the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature

Define thermal energy.

the total energy of particles in a substance