English Vocabulary Jan 2018

groin

noun crease where the thigh joins the abdomen 1. the area between the abdomen and the thigh on either side of the body. informal the region of the genitals. 2. ARCHITECTURE a curved edge formed by two intersecting vaults. -the general region of this fold or hollow. 3. a low wall or sturdy timber barrier built out into the sea from a beach to check erosion and drifting. n. 1. 腹股沟， 2. 交叉拱，弧棱, 防波堤 vt 做成穹棱，造防波堤 EX:"Merabet had already been immobilized by a bullet to the groin." EX:"One of the pictures showed Vice President Dick Cheney outside the Oval Office, hands cupped in front of his groin." Synonyms: crotch, genitals, inguen, privates Antonyms:

relinquish

rəˈliNGkwiSH/ re lin guish (verb) voluntarily cease to keep or claim; give up. 放弃（职位，权力等）：give up；移交，交出：give control or possession EX: "therapists waste a lot of time trying to convince people to relinquish behaviors that make no sense" EX:"he relinquished his managerial role to become chief executive" Synonyms: renounce, give up/away, hand over, let go of Antonyms: allow, assert, claim, continue, defend, fight, hold, keep

remark

rəˈmärk re mark (v.) to say; to make a comment. (v.) regard with attention; notice. (n.) a written or spoken comment. v.评论,谈及 n.备注,评论,注意,言论 v.) EX:"Tom's looking peaked," she remarked" v.) EX:"he remarked the man's inflamed eyelids" n.) EX:"I decided to ignore his rude remarks" n.) EX:"the landscape was not worthy of remark" Synonms: comment, observation, notice, sugesstion opinion, saying, statement, commentary, thought, assertion, attention, conclusion, explanation Antonyms: ignorance, neglect, question, silence, carelessness, disregard

remediation

rəˌmēdēˈāSH(ə)n (noun) the act or process of remedying the correction of something bad or defective. the action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage. 补救，矫正 EX:" That means John is responsible for any expenses, losses and remediation arising from the lawsuit. EX:"local authorities are working to remedy the situation" Synonyms: cure, solution Antonyms: damage, harm, hurt, injury

de jure

segregation by law

fugitive

ˈfyo͞ojədiv fu gi div (noun) (adjective) n.) a person who has escaped from a place or is in hiding, especially to avoid arrest or persecution. adj.) quick to disappear; fleeting. n.) 逋逃的人, 难民 adj.) 逃亡, 短暂的, 躲避的,易变的 n.)EX:"fugitives from justice" n.)EX:"a hunted fugitive" adj.) EX"he entertained a fugitive idea that Barbara needed him" adj.) EX:"the fugitive nature of life" Synonyms: escapee, runaway, deserter, absconder; refugee fleeting, transient, transitory, fading, momentary, evanescent Antonyms: enduring, lasting, lengthy, long, permanent

coffin

ˈkôfən,ˈkäfən (noun) n.) box in which a corpse is buried or cremated, Casket Printing. -the bed of a platen press. -the wooden frame around the bed of an early wooden press. v.) put (a dead body) in a coffin. n. 棺材，灵柩 EX:"So Little Snow White lay in the coffin for a long, long time but did not rot." Synonyms: casket; crate

laxative

ˈlaksədiv, lax a div (adjective) (noun) loosens and promotes normal bowel elimination; relieves constipation (Dulcolax, Metamucil) adj.) (chiefly of a drug or medicine) tending to stimulate or facilitate evacuation of the bowels. n.) a medicine which has a laxative effect. a.(药)通便的；放松的；n.轻泻药 EX:" Others who tried Coca-Cola Plus without studying the label have been surprised by the extent of its laxative effect." Synonyms aperient, cathartic, purgative Antonyms: constipate

prudent

ˈpro͞odnt pru dent (adjective) acting with or showing care and thought for the future. 谨慎的, 慎重, 审慎的； EX:"no prudent money manager would authorize a loan without first knowing its purpose" Synonyms: wise, well judged, sensible, politic, judicious, sagacious, sage, shrewd, advisable, well advised More Antonyms: Imprudent unwise, reckless

scrutinize

ˈskro͞otnˌīz/ Skro ti nize (verb) examine or inspect closely and thoroughly. 1. 察, 细察 EX:"customers were warned to scrutinize the small print" EX:"She lost her actual sight at the moment she was ready to scrutinize herself." EX:" There is little sign that Beijing has the appetite to scrutinize its own policy errors, though some in China have pointed the way." Synonyms: examine, inspect, survey, study, look at, peruse; Antonyms forget, ignore, neglect, misunderstand

velvet

ˈvelvət vel vit (noun)(adjective) n.) a closely woven fabric of silk, cotton, or nylon, that has a thick short pile on one side. n.) soft downy skin that covers a deer's antler while it is growing. adj.) resembling or suggesting velvet; smooth; soft; velvety : 1. 丝绒 2. 绒 adjective 1. 品蓝 EX: "Like a wise parent, he shoves us in the right direction . . . with a velvet-gloved hand." EX:"the velvet of her touch; the velvet of the lawn."

loath

不情愿的，勉强的

bonafide

诚意

serial monogamy

məˈnäɡəmē, mou na gami (noun) Serial Marriage a form of monogamy characterized by several successive, short-term marriages over the course of a lifetime.

sturdy

(adjective) -strongly built; stalwart; robust: -strong, as in substance, construction, or texture: -showing confidence and determination. EX:"he had a sturdy, muscular physique" EX:"the bike is sturdy enough to cope with bumpy tracks" EX:"the townspeople have a sturdy independence" EX:"the sturdy defenders of the Alamo." EX:"sturdy resistance" EX:"sturdy boots" Synonyms: solid, durable, robust, bulky, hearty, hulking, muscular, powerful Antonyms: weak, mild, unhealthy, flabby, puny, frail

disarray

(n.) disorder, confusion; (v.) to throw into disorder n.混乱，漫无秩序

forgo

(v.) to do without, abstain from, give up

in essence

1. basically and without regard for peripheral details; fundamentally. 在本质上 EX:" In essence this means giving people more control over their information EX:"in detail the class system is complex but in essence it is simple" Synonyms: essentially, basically, fundamentally, primarily, principally, chiefly, predominantly, substantially Antonyms: additionally, extra, inessentially

ulterior

EX:""In conducting my research on desire, I had an ulterior motive"

egregious

EX:" Sell a stock when it''s egregiously priced

conjure

Konjer, Con jur verb 1. call upon (a spirit or ghost) to appear, by means of a magic ritual. make (something) appear unexpectedly or seemingly from nowhere as if by magic. call (an image) to mind. 2. implore (someone) to do something. 变魔术，变戏法, 在脑海中浮现，想起： 恳求，祈求, 请求， 1. EX:" they hoped to conjure up the spirit of their dead friend" 1.EX:"he conjured a cigarette out of the air" 1. EX:"Anne conjured up a most delicious homemade stew" 1. EX:"The Indian middle class conjured up by the marketers and consultants scarcely exists" 1. EX:"she had forgotten how to conjure up the image of her mother's face" 1. EX:"to conjure up the past" 1.EX: "one scent can conjure up a childhood summer beside a lake" 2. EX:"I conjure you to hear my plea." Synonyms: produce, make appear, materialize, summon recall, recreate, evoke Antonyms disappear, lost

serial dater

One who engages in the process of systematically dating an obscene amount people in short span of time.

short change

SHôrtˈCHān(d)ZH (verb) 1. cheat (someone) by giving insufficient money as change. 2. treat unfairly by withholding something of value. 早零钱少给， 骗局 1.) EX:"I'm sure I was shortchanged at the bar" 2.) EX:"residents perennially complain about their own children's needs being shortchanged" Synonyms cheat someone of fair share fleece, sting, Synonyms for short change verb cheat someone of fair share fleece, sting, rip off Antonyms: Honest deal, fair treatment

surreptitious

Sur rep ti SHəsli adverb in a way that attempts to avoid notice or attention; secretively. kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of. 偷偷摸摸, 暗中, 秘密地；1. 诡密的 EX:"Mary surreptitiously slipped from the room" EX::"a surreptitious glance." EX:"they carried on a surreptitious affair" Synonyms: secret, secretive, stealthy, clandestine, sneaky, sly, furtive; Antonyms: blatant, openly, publicly, honest

lollapalooza

an extraordinary or unusual thing, person, or event; an exceptional example or instance best of its kind EX:" Munger uses the term "Lollapalooza effect" for multiple biases, tendencies or mental models acting at the same time in the same direction

pneumonia

n(y)o͞oˈmōnyə, New mo nia An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may become solid. Inflammation may affect both lungs ( double pneumonia ), one lung ( single pneumonia ), or only certain lobes ( lobar pneumonia ). n.肺炎 EX:" Mr. Toyoda, a son of the company's founder, died Dec. 30 of pneumonia"

dread

be afraid or scared of

brawn

brôn noun 1. strong, well-developed muscles. 2. muscular strength. physical strength in contrast to intelligence. 3. Chiefly British. a boar's or swine's flesh, especially when boiled and pickled. 强壮 强壮的肌肉，肌肉的力量 腌制好的野猪肉 EX:" As you and everyone else like to remind me, I'm the brawn, not the brains" EX:"commando work required as much brain as brawn" EX:" As governor of California, Schwarzenegger himself demonstrated the limits of American brawn. EX:"This is the place where automakers show off brawn, power, and sex appeal." Synonyms: physical strength, muscle(s), burliness, huskiness, toughness, power, might; Antonyms: idleness, impotence, inability, inactivity, lethargy, powerlessness, weakness

barista

bəˈrēstə, bəˈristə, Berista noun a person whose job involves preparing and serving different types of coffee. 咖啡师 EX:" We were recently in a coffee shop and the barista said they recognized us"

indifferent

inˈdif(ə)rənt (adjective) 1. having no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned. 2. neither good nor bad; mediocre. that does not matter one way or the other of no importance or value one way or the other 3. neutral in respect of some specified physical property. 不感兴趣的，漠不关心的 无关紧要 平庸 1. EX"they all seemed indifferent rather than angry" 2. EX:"attempts to distinguish between good, bad, and indifferent work" EX:"a pair of indifferent watercolors." Synonyms: 1. unconcerned, uninterested, uncaring, casual, nonchalant, offhand, uninvolved, unenthusiastic, apathetic, lukewarm, 2. mediocre, ordinary, average, middling, middle-of-the-road, uninspired, undistinguished, unexceptional, unexciting, unremarkable Antonyms: biased, prejudice, heedful, caring, brilliant, interested, concern

disposition

dispəˈziSH(ə)n (noun) 1. A.)a person's inherent qualities of mind and character. (personality) B.)an inclination or tendency. 2. A.)the way in which something is placed or arranged, especially in relation to other things. B.)the action of arranging or ordering people or things in a particular way. C.)military preparations, in particular the stationing of troops ready for attack or defense. 3. law) the action of distributing or transferring property or money to someone, in particular by bequest. 4. the power to deal with something as one pleases. 性情, 性格, 倾向；意向 排列, 布置， 处置,处理, 控制权 (权利） 1. A.)EX:"a girl with a pleasant disposition." A.)EX:"a nervous disposition" B.)EX:"the cattle showed a decided disposition to run" B.)EX:"his disposition to generosity" B.)EX:"a disposition to gamble" B.)EX:"the disposition of ice to melt when heated" 2. A.)EX:"the plan need not be accurate so long as it shows the disposition of the rooms" B.)EX:"the prerogative gives the state widespread powers regarding the disposition and control of the armed forces." C.)EX:"the new strategic dispositions of our forces" 3.EX:"this is a tax that affects the disposition of assets on death" 4.EX:"if Napoleon had had railroads at his disposition, he would have been invincible" Synonyms: 1. A.)temperament, nature, character, constitution, makeup, mentality B.)inclination, tendency 2. arrangement, positioning, placement, configuration 3. distribution, disposal, allocation, transfer; outcome, result 4. control Antonyms: unwillingness， disinclination, disarrangement, mismanagement

de facto

dā ˈfaktō, dee facto (adverb)(adjective) 1. adv.) in fact, or in effect, whether by right or not. 2. adj.) denoting someone or something that is such in fact. 实际的，事实上的 , 实际上，事实上 1. EX:""the island has been de facto divided into two countries" 1. EX:"the republic is de facto two states" 1. EX:"The language of this bill is a de facto abortion ban for most pregnant federal prisoners." 2. EX:"a de facto one-party system" 2. EX:"de facto control" 2. EX:"Although his title was prime minister, he was de facto president of the country" 2. EX:" Although the school was said to be open to all qualified students, it still practiced de facto segregation." Synonyms: in practice, in effect, in fact, in reality, really, actually Antonyms: de jure

defiance

dəˈfīəns, de fian ce (noun) refusal to yield; resistance; open resistance; bold disobedience. 挑战，违抗，反抗 蔑视 EX:" the demonstration was held in defiance of official warnings" open disregard; contempt (often followed by of) EX:" defiance of danger" EX:"Another 10 slaves threw themselves overboard in a display of defiance at the inhumanity." EX:"In defiance, I held my ticket above my head, which triggered the spitting and chants of "How Dare You!" EX:" This is an act of defiance" Synonyms: resistance, opposition, noncompliance, disobedience, insubordination, dissent, recalcitrance, subversion, rebellion; contempt, provacation Antonyms: obedience, harmony, love, peace

derogatory

dəˈräɡəˌtôrē de ra ga tory (adjective) adj.) showing a critical or disrespectful attitude. 贬 , 贬损的 EX: "she tells me I'm fat and is always making derogatory remarks" EX:" Reid had written poems about three other professors, all of them critical and derogatory." EX:" I thought it portrayed the band as real and it did so not in any sort of derogatory way. Synonyms: disparaging, deprecatory, degrading disrespectful, demeaning, unflattering Antonyms: complimentary, flattering, appreciative, favorable

dissuade

dəˈswād (verb) persuade (someone) not to take a particular course of action. 劝阻 EX:"Kim Sang-jo has rare political backing to dissuade them from bullying smaller firms and short-changing shareholders. EX:"his friends tried to dissuade him from flying" Synonyms: discourage from, deter from, prevent from, divert from, stop from; More Antonyms: encourage

Epigram

epəˌɡram, Epi grams (noun) a short witty saying a pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way. a short poem, especially a satirical one, having a witty or ingenious ending. 警句 epigrammatic expression: EX:"Oscar Wilde had a genius for epigram." Synonyms: witticism, quip, jest, pun, bon mot; aphorism, joke, motto, pithy saying Antonyms:

evanescent

ev·a·nes·cent, eva nes cent vanishing; fading away; fleeting. soon passing out of sight, memory, or existence; quickly fading or disappearing. tending to disappear like vapor; vanishing tending to become imperceptible; scarcely perceptible. a.逐渐消失的,容易消散的,会凋零的 EX:"Leary is one of those oddball Americans who enjoy their evanescent moments of fame and then linger on in memory as prophet or charlatan." EX:"a shimmering evanescent bubble" Synonyms: vanishing, fading, evaporating, melting away, disappearing;

filial

filyəl, fili yo (adjective) of or due from a son or daughter. 孝 EX:"a display of filial affection" EX:"filial obedience." Synonyms: dutiful, devoted, compliant, respectful, affectionate, loving Antonyms: disrespect,

moratorium

môrəˈtôrēəm, Mora torium (noun) a temporary prohibition of an activity. a legal authorization to debtors to postpone payment. 延期，暂缓施行：suspension EX:"an indefinite moratorium on the use of drift nets" EX:" the U.S. government has had a moratorium on drilling in shallow water, putting nearly 100 billion barrels out of reach." EX:"a moratorium on nuclear testing" Synonyms: embargo, ban, prohibition, suspension, postponement, stay, stoppage, halt, freeze, standstill, respite Antonyms continuation, continuance

flock

flock1 flock (noun) (verb) n.) a number of birds of one kind feeding, resting, or traveling together. v.) 1. congregate or mass in a flock or large group. n.)人群，兽群：creatures massed together； v.) 聚集，集体行动：travel in a flock n.) EX:""a flock of gulls" n.) EX:"a flock of birds" v.) EX:"students flocked to spring break sites" Synonyms: flight, congregation, covey, clutch gather, collect, congregate, assemble, converge, mass, crowd, throng, cluster, swarm Antonyms: individual

falter

fôltər Falter verb 1. start to lose strength or momentum. 2. speak in a hesitant or unsteady voice. 3. move unsteadily or in a way that shows lack of confidence. 衰退, 颤抖 支吾地说 犹豫 摇晃 1.) EX:"her smile faltered and then faded" 2.) EX:"I c-c-can't," he faltered" 3.) EX:"he faltered and finally stopped in midstride" Synonyms: stumble, stutter flounder, hesitate, reel, waver, wobble Antonyms: calm, hold, remain, stabilize, stay, steady, continue, endure, maintain, persist

heuristic

hyo͞oˈristik, hue ristic (adjective) (noun) adj.) 1. Mental Shortcuts and rules of thumbs Use past experience to make quick decision. 2. proceeding to a solution by trial and error or by rules that are only loosely defined. 3. enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves. 4.Computers, Mathematics. pertaining to a trial-and-error method of problem solving used when an algorithmic approach is impractical. n.) 1. a heuristic method of argument. 2. the study of heuristic procedure. 启发式 adj.) EX:" a "hands-on" or interactive heuristic approa\ch to learning" trail ad error method adj.) EX:" a heuristic teaching method." adj. EX:"He developed a heuristic for betting on Daily Doubles (which resulted in a wager of $5, the minimum allowed)." adj.) In all other cases, as we have already pointed out, assumption and probability have only a heuristic value for us lawyers. n.) Daniel Kahneman is the noble price winner that study the Huristics and Biases. Synonyms wondering, curious examining, interested, interrogative, probing, prying, questioning, searching, analytical Antonyms: disinterested, incurious, unskeptical

hypothetical

hy·po·thet·i·cal, hypo THadecal (adjective) (noun) (adj.) based on an assumption or guess of, based on, or serving as a hypothesis. (n.) a hypothetical proposition or statement. 假设，前提条件：；假定的： (adj.) EX:"that option is merely hypothetical at this juncture" (n.)"Finn talked in hypotheticals, tossing what-if scenarios to Rosen" Synonyms: guessed, assumed debatable, speculative, theoretical Antonyms: certain, definite, factual, real, sure, calculated, confirmed, measured, proved, proven, reliable, truthful

intravenous

intrəˈvēnəs, intra venus (adjective) within or into a vein existing or taking place within, or administered into, a vein or veins 静脉内的, 静脉的 EX: "U.S. hospitals face a nationwide shortage of intravenous bags just as flu cases accelerate." EX: " an intravenous drip" Synonyms: within a vein drip, venous, hypodermic, injecting, syringing

multilateral

məltēˈladərəl,ˌ Multi Lateral/ (adjective) agreed upon or participated in by three or more parties, especially the governments of different countries. adj. [数] 多边的；多国的，多国参加的 EX:" We should look for multilateral solutions and not unilateral ones as they would ultimately promote isolation and protectionism. EX:"multilateral negotiations" having members or contributors from several groups, especially several different countries. EX:"multilateral aid agencies" Synonyms: Many sides Antonyms: unilateral, one side,

inquire

inˈkwīr (verb) 1. ask for information from someone. 2. ask about the health and well-being of (someone). 3.ask to see or speak to (someone). 4. investigate; look into. 询问, 问明, 打听 调查,查究 1.) EX: "How well do you know Berlin?" he inquired of Hencke" 1.) EX:" I'm very honored you've chosen our firm. Could I inquire how much you intend to pay for this assignment?" 1.) EX:"I inquired about part-time training courses" 2.) EX:"Annie inquired after her parents" 3.) EX:"that was Mr. Paul inquiring for you—I told him he couldn't come in" 4.) EX:"the task of political sociology is to inquire into the causes of political events" Synonyms: ask, make inquiries, question someone, request/solicit information investigate, conduct an inquiry, into/about/regarding, probe, look into; Antonyms: ignore, neglect, reply, respond

invoke

inˈvōk (verb) to call on for support to entreat or pray for; to call on as in prayer; to declare to be in effect 呼吁, 吁求, 祝 祈求，恳求；(法律的)实施生效；援引，援用, 唤起 cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in support of an argument. EX:"the antiquated defense of insanity is rarely invoked today" call on (a deity or spirit) in prayer, as a witness, or for inspiration. EX:"I invoked the Madonna" to declare to be binding or in effect: EX:"to invoke the law; to invoke a veto." call earnestly for EX:"invoking spirits" summon (a spirit) by charms or incantation. EX:"invoking spirits" give rise to; evoke. EX:"how could she explain how the accident happened without invoking his wrath?" Synonyms: analogue equivalent, metonym Antonyms: invoke, answer, give, reply

innumerable

iˈn(y)o͞om(ə)rəb(ə)l in numerable (adjective) too many to be counted (often used hyperbolically). 无数, 不计其数, 数不尽 EX "innumerable flags of all colors" EX:"the new season has the characters evolving in innumerable ways" EX: "innumerable mothers and children were torn apart, and many of them are still looking for each other even now." Synonyms: countless, untold, numerous, numberless, incalculable, limitless; Antonyms: few, calculable, few, limited, little, measurable, small

contour

känˌto͝or, Con tour n.) shape or outline of a shape v.) mold into a specific shape, typically one designed to fit into something else. adj.)molded or shaped to fit a particular contour or form: n.) 轮廓 v.) 画轮廓 adj.) 与轮廓相符的 n.) EX:"she traced the contours of his face with her finger" an outline of a natural feature such as a hill or valley. n.) EX:""cliffs with grassy rounded contours" a line joining points on a diagram at which some property has the same value. n.) EX: "the map shows contours of every 10-foot difference in elevation" a way in which something varies, especially the pitch of music or the pattern of tones in an utterance. n.) EX: "the movement tends to place more emphasis on rhythm than melodic contour" v.) EX: "the compartment has been contoured with smooth rounded corners" v.) (of a road or railroad) follow the outline of (a topographical feature), especially along a contour line. EX: "the road contours the hillside" adj.) EX:"These are the company's contour seats. Synonyms: outline, shape, form; Antonyms : Shapeless, Inside,

coerce

kōˈərs Ko Ers (verb) v.) persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats. v.) obtain (something) by using force or threats. v.) 强制, (以武力） 胁迫，迫使 EX:"they were coerced into silence" EX:"their confessions were allegedly coerced by torture" Synonyms: bully, intimidate, strong arm, suppress, pressure, pressurize, press, push, constrain; Antonyms: allow, encourage, help, let go, aid, assist

coercive

kōˈərsiv, Ko er sive (adjective) adj.) relating to or using force or threats. adj.). 强制的，强迫性的 EX: "coercive measures" EX:" soft power is far from non-coercive and non-threatening." EX:"Earnest questions are raised over the coercive nature of police interrogations." Synonyms: forcible, bullying, violent, forced, forceful, intimidating Antonyms: persuasive, charismatic, inspiring

composure

kəmˈpōZHər noun the state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself. tranquillity 镇静，沉着；自若 EX: "she was struggling to regain her composure" EX:" Despite the hysteria and panic around him, he retained his composure. EX:"He recalled being angry and trying to keep his composure as he strode past Cosby into the front hall." EX:"Holder has maintained his composure and remained focused on his legal and constitutional responsibilities." Synonyms: self-control, self-possession, self-command, calm, equanimity, equilibrium, serenity, tranquility; Antonyms: discomposure, agitation, disagreement, disproportion, disturbance, imbalance, instability

maladaptive

maləˈdaptiv mala daptive unable to adjust properly not providing adequate or appropriate adjustment to the environment or situation. 不适应的, 适应不良的 EX:"The maladaptive behavior of isolated children was difficult to change" EX:"Humans can also respond to perceived threats in maladaptive ways that decrease our well-being and even jeopardize survival. Synonyms: maladjusted, nonadaptive, unfit, unsuitably adapted Antonyms: adaptive, adjusting, flexible, robust

pith

piTH, (noun)(verb) noun) 1. soft or spongy tissue in plants(spongy cellular tissue in the stem ) or animals (spongy marrow), in particular. 2. the essence of something. 3. forceful and concise expression. verb -remove pith from plant -to destroy the spinal cord or brain of. n． 精髓,要点, 核心 v. 杀死 除去木髓 n 2.) EX:"a book that he considered contained the pith of all his work" n 2.)EX:"the pith of the argument" n 2.)EX:"he writes with a combination of pith and exactitude" n 2.)EX:"the pith of the matter." Synonyms: essence, main point, fundamentals, heart, substance, nub, core, quintessence, crux, gist, meat, kernel, marrow, burden; Antonyms:

pithy

piTHē, Pi thy (adjective) brief and full of meaning and substance; concise short but full of meaning and point 简练 有髓的 EX:" pithy saying" EX:"a pithy observation." EX:" Mandery knows when to be pithy and when to go long, like in passages about the subtleties of memoranda. EX:"Each work is a pithy marvel that captures the languorous excitement (and sometimes the radiant gloom) of a summer day to remember. Synonyms: succinct, terse, concise, compact, short (and sweet), brief, condensed, to the point, epigrammatic, crisp, thumbnail; Antonyms: impotent, lengthy, long-winded, weak, wordy

promptly

präm(p)tlē (adverb) 1. with little or no delay; immediately. 2. at exactly a specified time; punctually. adv. 迅速地；立即地；敏捷地, 及时地, 立刻 1.) EX:" "I promptly got to work" 1.) EX: "he paid the fine promptly" 1.) EX: "every time she managed to pay her credit card off, she promptly went shopping again" 2.) EX:"Jamie arrived promptly at 8:30" Synonyms: punctually, on time; Antonyms: late, slowly

prevail

prəˈvāl, Pre val 1. prove more powerful than opposing forces; be victorious. 2. be widespread in a particular area at a particular time; be current. 3. persuade (someone) to do something. v. 1.战胜，击败； 2. 盛行，普遍存在 3. 说服 1. EX:" Neither condition prevailed" 1. EX:"it is hard for logic to prevail over emotion" 1. EX:"They prevailed over their enemies in the battle." 2. EX:"an atmosphere of crisis prevails" 2.EX："Silence prevailed along the funeral route. 3. EX:"she was prevailed upon to give an account of her work" 3. EX:"He prevailed upon us to accompany him." synonyms: 1. win, win out/through, triumph, be victorious, carry the day, come out on top, succeed, prove superior, conquer, overcome; 2. exist, be in existence, be present, be the case, occur, be prevalent, be current, be the order of the day, be customary, be common, be widespread, be in force/effect; 3. persuade, induce, coax, convince, get, urge, pressure, coerce

Retribution

punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. 报应, 罚 EX:"employees asked not to be named, saying they feared retribution" Synonyms: punishment, penalty, one's just deserts;

hendonism

pursuit of pleasure, especially of the senses, self indulgence way of life with pleasure as the goal

serendipity

serənˈdipədē, Seren dipity (noun) An accidental but fortunate discovery luck, finding good things without looking for them good luck in making unexpected and fortunate discoveries n. 偶然发现的才能,易遇奇缘的运气 机缘凑巧 意外发现珍奇事物的本领 EX:"a fortunate stroke of serendipity" EX:"the serendipity of getting the first job she applied for." EX:"I was thinking of new ways to engage with my audience and with a bit of serendipity and inspiration the cake was born EX:"I often think about the fall lines of life, the invisible tightropes that divide moments of calamity and serendipity." Synonyms: (happy) chance, (happy) accident, fluke Antonyms: bad fortune, bad luck, misfortune

scalp

skalp, (noun) n.) the skin covering the head, excluding the face. v.)take the scalp of (an enemy). n. 头皮；战利品 v. 剥头皮 n.) EX:"the scalp with the hair belonging to it cut or torn away from an enemy's head as a battle trophy, especially by an American Indian. n.) EX:"On average, humans lose between 50-150 scalp hairs each day. punish severely. v.) EX:"if I ever heard anybody doing that, I'd scalp them" sell (a ticket) for a popular event at a price higher than the official one. v.) EX:"tickets were scalped for forty times their face value"

scavenge

skavənj, Ska venji (verb) to search through or pick over, looking for something usable hunt through discarded materials for usable items; search, especially for food v．（在废物中）寻觅，（动物）食腐肉 EX"people sell junk scavenged from the garbage" EX:"they scavenge for food in the restaurant's trash cans" EX:"the mink is still commonly seen scavenging the beaches of California" Synonyms: forage, rummage, search, hunt, look, root , roam Antonyms: ignore, neglect

scrutiny

skro͞otnē， Scru ti ny (noun) critical observation or examination. 审查, 细察 EX:"every aspect of local government was placed under scrutiny" EX:" Jackson faced a lot of scrutiny when it came to his own appearance and lifestyle. Synonyms: analysis, audit, examination, inspection, survey, study, perusal; Antonyms: blink, flash, glance, glimpse, peek, peep, sight,

slouch

slouCH (verb) (noun) plural noun: slouches v.) stand, move, or sit in a lazy, drooping way. n.) 1. a lazy, drooping posture or movement. n.) 2. an incompetent person. 懒人：lazy person； 缓慢行走：move slowly 没精打采的样子；没精打采地坐(站、走) v.) EX:"he slouched against the wall" n.) EX: " his stance was a round-shouldered slouch" EX:" my brother was no slouch at making a buck" EX:" she's no slouch" Synonyms: 1. slump, hunch; 2. incompetent, amateur, bumbler, bungler Antonyms: do straighten

snide

snīd adjective 1. derogatory or mocking in an indirect way and insinuating manner. 2. (of a person) devious and underhanded. 3. counterfeit; inferior. (British) 1. 讽刺的，含沙射影的，挖苦的 2. 卑鄙 3. 伪造的 1. EX:"snide remarks about my mother" 1. EX:"In the following issue, The Group was the subject of a snide, imperious review by Norman Mailer. (of a person) devious and underhanded. 2. EX: "a snide divorce lawyer" 3. EX:" a snide rolex." Synonyms: disparaging, derogatory, deprecating, insulting, contemptuous, dismissive; Antonyms kind, nice, gentle, lovable

snuggle

snəɡəl (verb) settle or move into a warm, comfortable position. hug and cuddle move or arrange oneself in a comfortable and cozy position v.紧靠，依偎, 挨近 EX:""I snuggled down in my sleeping bag" EX:"Kent and Maris snuggled by the fire" EX:"After all of the adventures at Hogwarts, Rowling may be saying, all you want to do is snuggle up with a cup of tea and a vicar." Synonyms: curl up, huddle, nestle, huddle (up), cuddle up, nuzzle, settle Antonyms: let go, release, separate, stay away

stammer

stamər (verb)(noun) v.) speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words. n.) a tendency to stammer. v.) EX: "he began to stammer" utter (words) with a stammer. v.) EX: "I stammered out my history" n.) EX: "as a young man, he had a dreadful stammer" n.) "he had a stammer" Synonyms: stutter, stumble over one's words, hesitate, falter, pause, halt, splutter Antonyms: carry on, continue, go

syndicate

syn·di·cate, ˈsindikət (noun)(verb) plural noun: syndicates n.) 1. a group of individuals or organizations combined to promote some common interest. an association or agency supplying material simultaneously to a number of newspapers or periodicals. a committee of syndics. (organized crime, group with special interest) v.) 1. control or manage by a syndicate. n.) 企业联合,财团, 犯罪集团 v.) 把...出售给多家媒体 n.) EX: "large-scale buyouts involving a syndicate of financial institutions" v.) EX: "the loans are syndicated to a group of banks" publish or broadcast (material) simultaneously in a number of newspapers, television stations, etc. v.) EX: "his reports were syndicated to 200 other papers" sell (a horse) to a syndicate. v.) EX: "the stallion was syndicated for a record $5.4 million" Synonyms group of business entities association, cartel, mob, conglomerate, gangs, organization, ring, union, board Antonyms: division, separation, individual, one

succinct

sə(k)ˈsiNG(k)t, suc singkt (especially of something written or spoken) briefly and clearly expressed. a.简明的，简洁的 EX:"use short, succinct sentences" EX:"just a succinct report, please" Synonyms: concise, short (and sweet), brief, compact, condensed, crisp, laconic, terse, to the point, pithy, epigrammatic, synoptic, gnomic; formal, compendious Antonyms: verbose, lengthy, long-winded, wordy

substantive

səbstən(t)iv, sub stan tive (adjective) (pronoun) (adj.) 1. having a firm basis in reality and therefore important, meaningful, or considerable. (adj.) 2. having a separate and independent existence. (of a dye) not needing a mordant. adj.) 3. (of law) defining rights and duties as opposed to giving the rules by which such things are established n.) use as a pronoun adj.) 根本的，实质性的, 本质上的； 独立存在的 n.) 名词, 体词 EX:""there is no substantive evidence for the efficacy of these drugs" EX:"This, and only this, is the key to driving real, substantive change in America." EX:" Western leaders wrung their hands but took no substantive action."

detriment

the state of being harmed or damaged. a cause of harm or damage. (noun) 1. 坏处 2. 弊 n.) EX:"the tech titans will use their power to protect and extend their dominance, to the detriment of consumers" n.) EX:"he is engrossed in his work to the detriment of his married life" n.) EX:"such tests are a detriment to good education" n.) EX:"local merchants fear the detriment to business that one of these superstores could bring about" Synonyms: harm, damage, injury, hurt, impairment, loss, disadvantage, disservice, mischief Antonyms: benefit, advantage, aid, benefit, blessing, boon, favor, good, help, assistance, gain, profit

undergo

to endure; to experience

rile

to make angry, to arouse resentment EX: "Seoul Riles Bitcoin Buyers"

undermine

to weaken or diminish something destroy property or hinder normal operations to weaken or ruin by degrees

tout

tout (verb) v.) to promote or praise energetically, highly -to publicly brag -to solicit customers; to praise or recommend highly -advertise in strongly positive terms. n.) a person who solicits business, employment, support, 吹捧, 招揽顾客；极力赞扬 兜售 EX:"John Flannery, the chief executive of General Electric, touted the idea of breaking up the struggling conglomerate into separate businesses. " EX:"the headquarters facility was touted as the best in the country" EX:"she's being touted as the next party leader" EX:"street merchants were touting their wares" EX:"a highly touted nightclub." EX:"A liberal group supporting Hillary Clinton tries to tout her pro-middle class bonafides.

trawler

trawl·er, trouler (noun) a fishing boat used for trawling. 拖网渔船 EX:" They gave me command of a trawler, a perfectly beastly kind of boat.

snuff

v. 扑灭；扼杀；消灭 鼻烟

gerrymander

v.(为使某政党在选举中取得优势)不公正地将(某地区)划成选区

stutter

v.) talk with continued involuntary repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants. v.) utter with involuntary repetition of sounds. n.) a tendency to stutter while speaking. n./v.口吃，结巴 v.) EX:"the child was stuttering in fright" v.) EX:"he stuttered over a word" v.) EX:"he shyly stuttered out an invitation to the movies" (of a machine or gun) produce a series of short, sharp sounds. v.) EX:"she flinched as a machine gun stuttered nearby" n.) EX:"a bad stutter" Synonyms: Stumble, falter Stammer, speech impediment, speech defect Antonyms: continue, smooth, go

fledge

v.小鸟长飞羽，变得羽毛丰满 EX: "I would become a full-fledged convert."

refrain

verb v.) stop oneself from doing something. n.) a repeated line or number of lines in a poem or song, typically at the end of each verse v.抑制； n.歌曲的反复句，叠句 v.) EX:"she refrained from comment" v.)EX:"I refrained from telling him what I thought." v.)EX:"we at least refrain from calling them sex offenders." n.) EX:"Poor Tom" had become the constant refrain of his friends" n.) EX:"Texas Senator Ted Cruz wove a refrain into his speech that "morning is coming." Synonyms: abstain from, desist from, hold back from, stop oneself from, forbear (from), avoid, eschew, shun, renounce; Antonyms: Silence

yank

yaNGk (verb) (noun) (v.) a sudden hard pull (v.) pull with a jerk (n.) a person who lives in, or is from, the US. (n.) Yankee 猛拉 突然的拉 EX: "one of the other girls gave her ponytail a yank" EX: "her hair was yanked, and she screamed" EX:" Once you done this meditation, your emotion wont yank you around as much." Synonyms: jerk, pull, tug, wrench Antonyms: pull in, push, fix

unilateral

yo͞onəˈladərəl,ˌ Uni Lateral (adjective) 1. (of an action or decision) performed by or affecting only one person, group, or country involved in a particular situation, without the agreement of another or the others. 2. relating to, occurring on, or affecting only one side of an organ or structure, or of the body. 单方面,单边,片面 EX:" We should look for multilateral solutions and not unilateral ones as they would ultimately promote isolation and protectionism. EX:""unilateral nuclear disarmament" EX:"no one on this board has the authority to make a unilateral decision" Synonyms: independent, autonomous, solitary, solo, go-it-alone, single-handed, self-determined, maverick, isolationist Antonyms: Multilateral, bilateral, many-sided

arbitrarily

ärbəˈtrerəlē, Arbi tri rily (adverb) 1. on the basis of random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system. 2. without restraint in the use of authority; autocratically. adv.任意地；武断地；反复无常地；肆意地 EX: "recurrent infection is arbitrarily defined as three or more infections a year" EX: " They fear us because we have the power to kill arbitrarily." EX:" everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained" Synonyms without delay forthwith, promptly, swiftly Antonyms Slowly, Planned

eavesdrop

ēvzˌdrop yi vez drop (verb) secretly listen to a conversation. v.偷听，窃听 EX:"she opened the window just enough to eavesdrop on the conversation outside" EX:"sorry, I refuse to eavesdrop on Kenny for you" EX:" "Sorry to eavesdrop, but I'm a new associate and couldn't help hearing you talking about Hungary. Do you know what the firm's doing over there?" (Red Notice book) Synonyms: listen in on, spy on; monitor, tap, wiretap, record, overhear; informalsnoop on, bug Antonyms ignore

acknowledge

əkˈnäləj (verb) 1. accept or admit the existence or truth of. 2. (of a body of opinion) recognize the fact or importance or quality of 3. show that one has noticed or recognized (someone) by making a gesture or greeting. v承认；接受；告知(信件等的)收到；答谢 1.EX:" "the plight of the refugees was acknowledged by the authorities" 1.EX:"the government acknowledged the need to begin talks" 2. EX:"the art world has begun to acknowledge his genius" 2.EX:"he received a letter acknowledging his services" 2.EX:"Douglas was glad to acknowledge her help" 2. EX:"Henry acknowledged Richard as his heir" 3. EX:"she refused to acknowledge my presence" 3.EX"nobody acknowledged my letters" synonyms: 1. admit, accept, grant, allow, concede, accede to, confess, own, recognize, 2. accredit, confirmed, declare 3. greet, salute, answer, reply antonyms: reject, deny, ignore

imperative

əmˈperədiv (adjective) (noun) adj.) 1. of vital importance; crucial. VERY IMPORTANT adj.) 1. giving an authoritative command; peremptory. n.) 1. an essential or urgent thing. n.) 2. a verb or phrase in the imperative mood. adj.) 必要的，不可避免的；紧急的； 命令的，专横的；势在必行的； n.) 必要的事；命令；需要；规则；[语]祈使语气 adj.) 1. EX:"It is imperative that we leave." adj.) 1. EX: "immediate action was imperative" adj.) 2. EX:"the bell pealed again, a final imperative call" n.) 2. EX:"the imperative note in her voice" n.EX:" free movement of labor was an economic imperative. EX:"the change came about through a financial imperative" EX:" the imperative mood. the imperative Synonyms: 1. important, , vital, crucial, essential, necessary, indispensable, urgent; 2. peremptory, commanding, imperious, authoritative, masterful, dictatorial, magisterial, assertive, firm, insistent Antonyms: 1. unimportant, optional 2. submissive

epiphany

əˈpifənē/ a pi phany (noun) revelation, A moment of sudden revelation or insight sudden realization an appearance or manifestation, especially of a deity. 顿悟, 感悟 EX:" Zaks experienced an epiphany of sorts a couple years ago, when he was looking through a book of Tony Walton illustrations." EX:" This was an epiphany, this was imprinted on you, you could do anything now." EX:" While watching The Ten Commandments on TV with their children for the umpteenth time, Burnett and Downey had an epiphany." Synonyms revelation, flash, insight, inspiration, oracle, realization, vision Antonyms: confusion, secret

aversion

əˈvərZHən, aversion (noun) a strong dislike or disinclination. someone or something that arouses strong feelings of dislike. 厌恶, 反感, 抵制 EX: "he had a deep-seated aversion to most forms of exercise" EX:"a strong aversion to snakes and spiders." EX:"His pet aversion is guests who are always late." EX:"My aversion started back in medical school, which was right when "ER" debuted." We have basically over-calibrated in our reaction to germs—our aversion to them has created a new vulnerability. Synonyms: Dislike of, antipathy for, distaste for, abhorrence of, hatred of, odium of, loathing of, detestation of, hostility toward; More Antonyms: liking

beckon

ˈbekən, beg an (verb) (noun) v.) 1. make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to encourage someone to come nearer or follow. v.)2. seem to be appealing or inviting. n.) a summoning gesture verb) 招手, 摆手 招, 点头招呼 noun 招手 招, 吸引 1. EX: "Miranda beckoned to Adam" 1. EX:"the guard beckoned to Benny" attract the attention of or summon someone by making a gesture with the hand, arm, or head. 1. EX: "he beckoned Christopher over" seem to be appealing or inviting. 2. EX:"the going is tough, and soft options beckon" 2.EX:"the countryside beckons you" 2. EX:"Squalor and tragedy can beckon to all that is great in us, and strengthen the wings of love." Synonyms: gesture, signal, wave, gesticulate, motion, invite, charm, attract, draw Antonyms: repel, repulse, turn off, deter, push