Environmental Science Test 1

_____ deaths are the result of poor environmental conditions according to World Health Organisation (WHO). a. 1 billion b. 12.6 billion c. 2.6 million d. 12.6 million

12.6 billion

North Americans account for about 5% of the world's population but consume: a. 10 percent of the world's oil. b. 5 percent of the world's oil. c. 15 percent of the world's oil. d. 22 percent of the world's oil.

22 percent of the world's oil.

The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that wood stoves are responsible for _____ percent of the deadliest air pollutant particles emitted in the United States? a. 5% b. 25% c. 50% d. 95%

5%

The organization of colleges and universities in the United States and Canada that promotes sustainability in higher education is called a. UNCED. b. UNESCO. c. AASHE. d. STARS.

AASHE.

The Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations include a. ending poverty b. improving health c. addressing climate change d. All of the above are Sustainable Development Goals

All of the above are Sustainable Development Goals

In order to discern whether or not a product is green you should look for a. statements about the use of recycled materials. b. evidence of a company's commitment to making and marketing a green product. c. a list of actual ingredients and their sources following a statement of using all natural ingredients. d. All of the above are true

All of the above are true

When making ethical decisions about environmental issues it is important to a. consider the opinions of all stakeholders. b. recognize that organisms and ecosystems may have rights. c. consider how local decisions may affect distant environments. d. All of the options involve ethical decisions.

All of the options involve ethical decisions.

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary area of study that deals with all of the following except a. politics. b. economics. c. ethics. d. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

The Earth Summit was a. the first worldwide meeting dealing with environmental concerns. b. formerly known as the UNCED. c. held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. d. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

When dealing with environmental regulations, the United States government can a. infringe on personal property rights. b. force land owners to modify the use of their land. c. enforce environmental regulations without regard to personal property. d. All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

This concept states that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche in the same place and the same time. a. Natural Selection b. Genetic Drift c. Competitive Exclusion Principle d. Niche Exclusion

Competitive Exclusion Principle

A major reason why animals are moving into urban areas is: a. Lack of water b. The building of larger homes c. Habitat loss d. Increased agricultural planting

Habitat loss

Which naturalist was fascinated by the countryside around Concord, Massachusetts and wrote of his experiences living close with nature? a. Henry David Thoreau b. Lewis Thomas c. Rachel Carson d. Ralph Waldo Emerson

Henry David Thoreau

Which of the following best matches the description?Believed that "wilderness mirrors divinity, nourishes humanity, and vivifies the spirit." a. Henry David Thoreau b. preservation ethic c. Rachel Carson d. development ethic e. conservation ethic f. Ralph Waldo Emerson g. Aldo Leopold h. industrial ecology i. John Muir j. ethics k. morals l. environmental justice m. deep ecology

John Muir

Which of the following light sources is the most efficient? a. incandescent b. LED c. candle d. sodium vapor

LED

Environment is defined as: a. the surrounding conditions that affect organisms. b. everything that affects an organism during its lifetime. c. all organisms including people affecting many components. d. More than one of the choices are correct. e. None of the choices are correct.

More than one of the choices are correct.

Which of the following best matches the description?Early critic of rampant economic development and the "invasion of nature by trade." a. Henry David Thoreau b. preservation ethic c. Rachel Carson d. development ethic e. conservation ethic f. Ralph Waldo Emerson g. Aldo Leopold h. industrial ecology i. John Muir j. ethics k. morals l. environmental justice m. deep ecology

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Environmental justice encompasses a wide range of issues including: a. Safe housing. b. Lead poisoning. c. Water quality. d. Transportation. e. Safe housing, Lead poisoning, Water Quality and Transportation.

Safe housing, Lead poisoning, Water Quality and Transportation.

Pollution from wood stoves is a particular concern in the winter when: a. Temperatures are low b. There is significant snowfall c. Temperature inversions limit air movement d. Ice build ups can limit air movement

Temperature inversions limit air movement

Natural capitalism is: a. The idea that businesses can both expand their profits and take good care of the environment. b. Businesses can only expand their profits by not taking care of environmental concerns. c. Business profits are more important than environmental concerns. d. Environmental concerns are more important than business profits.

The idea that businesses can both expand their profits and take good care of the environment.

Much of the current environmental crisis is rooted in: a. The development of environmental laws. b. The increase in environmental justice concern. c. The widening gap between rich and poor nations. d. The narrowing of the gap between rich and poor nations.

The widening gap between rich and poor nations.

Which is the following is a correct example of interrelatedness? a. Wolves reintroduced --> coyotes decline --> rodents decline --> willows increase b. Wolves reintroduced --> elk decline --> willows increase --> beavers increase c. Wolves reintroduced --> coyotes decline --> rodents increase --> foxes decrease d. Wolves reintroduced --> elk decline --> willows increase --> beavers increase --> water flow stays the same

Wolves reintroduced --> elk decline --> willows increase --> beavers increase

In 1994, delegates from around the world gathered for the Conference on Population and Development. Representatives from developing countries protested that a. a baby born in the United States will consume 20 times the resources in its lifetime as an African or Indian baby. b. overpopulation is a bigger environmental problem than overconsumption. c. the United States consumes 90% of the world's resources. d. China has the highest population and consumes 90% of the world's resources.

a baby born in the United States will consume 20 times the resources in its lifetime as an African or Indian baby.

Which is an example of secondary succession? a. bare rock b. a burned field c. standing water d. pure sand

a burned field

A position that forests should be managed for the lumber that can be obtained from them is an example of a. biocentrism. b. anthropocentrism. c. ecocentrism. d. None of the statements is correct.

anthropocentrism.

A floating bog is an example of a stage in a. secondary succession. b. aquatic primary succession. c. terrestrial primary succession. d. None of these are correct.

aquatic primary succession.

Before 1993, the U.S. Forest Service sold timber-cutting rights a. only to foreign investors. b. at below cost. c. at a high profit. d. only in old-growth forests.

at below cost.

Which of the following best matches the description?Organisms that live on the bottom of marine or freshwater ecosystems. a. phytoplankton b. littoral zone c. desert d. pioneer community e. grassland f. boreal forest g. pelagic h. tundra i. benthic j. deciduous forest k. biochemical oxygen demand l. periphyton m. marsh n. savanna o. euphotic

benthic

Another name for a nutrient cycle in an ecosystem is a a. biogeochemical cycle. b. menstrual cycle. c. hydrogen cycle. d. diurnal cycle.

biogeochemical cycle.

Which of the following best matches the description?The flow of carbon from the atmosphere to living organisms and back again. a. denitrifying bacteria b. herbivore c. omnivore d. producer e. trophic level f. community g. ectoparasite h. limiting factor i. secondary consumer j. nitrogen cycle k. biomass l. habitat m. carbon cycle n. interspecific competition o. nitrogen-fixing bacteria p. intraspecific competition

carbon cycle

Scientists distinguish between situations that are merely correlated and those that are correlated and show a. relationships. b. cause-and-effect relationships. c. cause-and-relation. d. None of these are correct.

cause-and-effect relationships.

Grazing animals and the grasses they eat have both evolved in response to each other's influence. This process is known as a. coevolution. b. extinction. c. competitive exclusion principle. d. interspecific competition.

coevolution.

Which of the following best matches the description? Interacting groups of different species in a given area. a. denitrifying bacteria b. herbivore c. omnivore d. producer e. trophic level f. community g. ectoparasite h. limiting factor i. secondary consumer j. nitrogen cycle k. biomass l. habitat m. carbon cycle n. interspecific competition o. nitrogen-fixing bacteria p. intraspecific competition

community

Which of the following best matches the description?Stresses a balance between resource use and resource availability. a. Henry David Thoreau b. preservation ethic c. Rachel Carson d. development ethic e. conservation ethic f. Ralph Waldo Emerson g. Aldo Leopold h. industrial ecology i. John Muir j. ethics k. morals l. environmental justice m. deep ecology

conservation ethic

Which of the following best matches the description? Bacteria that convert nitrogen compounds in the soil into nitrogen gas. a. denitrifying bacteria b. herbivore c. omnivore d. producer e. trophic level f. community g. ectoparasite h. limiting factor i. secondary consumer j. nitrogen cycle k. biomass l. habitat m. carbon cycle n. interspecific competition o. nitrogen-fixing bacteria p. intraspecific competition

denitrifying bacteria

Charles Darwin is generally credited with a. developing the concept of sexual dimorphism. b. developing the concept of natural selection. c. developing the concept of genetic concept. d. All of these are correct.

developing the concept of natural selection.

Which of the following best matches the description?Unwise development of barrier islands. a. wilderness North b. industrial Northeast c. agricultural Middle d. diverse South e. dry West f. forested West

diverse South

Which of the following best matches the description?Parasite that lives on the outside of its host. a. denitrifying bacteria b. herbivore c. omnivore d. producer e. trophic level f. community g. ectoparasite h. limiting factor i. secondary consumer j. nitrogen cycle k. biomass l. habitat m. carbon cycle n. interspecific competition o. nitrogen-fixing bacteria p. intraspecific competition

ectoparasite

What is the term used to describe a shallow, partially enclosed area where freshwater enters the ocean? a. coral reef b. abyssal ecosystem c. mangrove swamp d. estuary

estuary

Shallow, warm, nutrient-rich lakes are described as Select one: a. oligotrophic. b. benthic. c. eutrophic. d. limnetic.

eutrophic.

The development of herbicide resistance in populations of weeds over several generations is an example of a. social Darwinism. b. biogeochemical cycles. c. organic farming. d. evolution.

evolution.

What is the term used to describe food chains which overlap and intersect? a. food web b. detrital food chain c. natural selection d. range of tolerance

food web

When energy is converted from one form to another, the loss of energy is usually in the form of a. water. b. fluorescent light c. heat. d. radioactivity.

heat.

Malaria is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, with some 525 million cases occurring annually and resulting in one to three million deaths, mainly in young children a. of the Quechua Indians in Peru. b. in Sub-Saharan Africa. c. of the Jesuits in Europe. d. of the pilgrims in Massachusetts.

in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Ecologists have learned that succession is influenced by many factors other than climate alone including a. rainfall and temperature patterns. b. invasive species, disease, human land use history, and seed dispersal. c. biogeochemical cycles, available oxygen, and superfund sites. d. slope, wind patterns, and toxicity levels.

invasive species, disease, human land use history, and seed dispersal.

Which of the following best matches the description? The energy contained by moving objects, such as running water. a. respiration b. pH c. enzyme d. ion e. photosynthesis f. acid g. combustion h. potential energy i. base j. proton k. electron l. isotope m. neutron n. kinetic energy o. nucleus p. entropy q. latent heat

kinetic energy

Which of the following best matches the description?Heat energy that is used to change matter from a solid to liquid or gas. Select one: a. respiration b. pH c. enzyme d. ion e. photosynthesis f. acid g. combustion h. potential energy i. base j. proton k. electron l. isotope m. neutron n. kinetic energy o. nucleus p. entropy q. latent heat

latent heat

What kind of plant has nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in their roots? a. deciduous trees b. mosses c. legumes d. ferns

legumes

Gasoline engines are a. less efficient than diesel engines. b. more efficient than diesel engines. c. more likely to last longer than diesel engines. d. 58% more efficient than hybrid engines.

less efficient than diesel engines.

Which of the following best matches the description?An environmental condition, the absence of which, prevents the success of an organism. a. denitrifying bacteria b. herbivore c. omnivore d. producer e. trophic level f. community g. ectoparasite h. limiting factor i. secondary consumer j. nitrogen cycle k. biomass l. habitat m. carbon cycle n. interspecific competition o. nitrogen-fixing bacteria p. intraspecific competition

limiting factor

Which of the following elements is the most common limiting factor to plants in naturally occurring soil? a. nitrogen b. phosphorous c. oxygen d. carbon

nitrogen

Which of the following best matches the description?Series of stages in the flow of nitrogen in ecosystems. a. denitrifying bacteria b. herbivore c. omnivore d. producer e. trophic level f. community g. ectoparasite h. limiting factor i. secondary consumer j. nitrogen cycle k. biomass l. habitat m. carbon cycle n. interspecific competition o. nitrogen-fixing bacteria p. intraspecific competition

nitrogen cycle

The use of fertilizers in agriculture has significantly altered several nutrient cycles including a. nitrogen. b. carbon. c. hydrologic. d. All of these are correct.

nitrogen.

You would find a temperate rainforest along the coasts of all of the following states except a. southern Alaska. b. northern California. c. northern British Columbia. d. northern New York.

northern New York.

Which of the following best matches the description?Organisms that swim in the open ocean water. a. phytoplankton b. littoral zone c. desert d. pioneer community e. grassland f. boreal forest g. pelagic h. tundra i. benthic j. deciduous forest k. biochemical oxygen demand l. periphyton m. marsh n. savanna o. euphotic

pelagic

Among plants, a condition that results in an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes, is called a. multi-genetics. b. polyploidy. c. diploid. d. haploid.

polyploidy.

The two major factors influencing vegetation in biomes are a. precipitation and temperature. b. soil fertility and hydrology. c. day length and climate. d. topography and soil type.

precipitation and temperature.

Which of the following best matches the description?Nature has intrinsic value or inherent worth apart from human appropriation. a. Henry David Thoreau b. preservation ethic c. Rachel Carson d. development ethic e. conservation ethic f. Ralph Waldo Emerson g. Aldo Leopold h. industrial ecology i. John Muir j. ethics k. morals l. environmental justice m. deep ecology

preservation ethic

Which of the following best matches the description? An organism that can manufacture food from inorganic compounds and light energy. a. denitrifying bacteria b. herbivore c. omnivore d. producer e. trophic level f. community g. ectoparasite h. limiting factor i. secondary consumer j. nitrogen cycle k. biomass l. habitat m. carbon cycle n. interspecific competition o. nitrogen-fixing bacteria p. intraspecific competition

producer

Which of the following best matches the description?Positively charged particle of an atom. a. respiration b. pH c. enzyme d. ion e. photosynthesis f. acid g. combustion h. potential energy i. base j. proton k. electron l. isotope m. neutron n. kinetic energy o. nucleus p. entropy q. latent heat

proton

Which of the following best matches the description?Biome dominated by grasses and fire- and drought-resistant trees. a. phytoplankton b. littoral zone c. desert d. pioneer community e. grassland f. boreal forest g. pelagic h. tundra i. benthic j. deciduous forest k. biochemical oxygen demand l. periphyton m. marsh n. savanna o. euphotic

savanna

Communication is a central characteristic of the a. scientific method b. hypothesis testing c. scientific action d. all of these are correct

scientific method

Each stage in the process of succession is called a a. seral stage. b. primary stage. c. reef-forming stage. d. None of these are correct.

seral stage

The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change a. has not been agreed to. b. sets 2oC as the upper limit for the increase in the temperature of the Earth. c. requires all countries to reduce greenhouse gas production. d. None of the above is correct.

sets 2oC as the upper limit for the increase in the temperature of the Earth.

Which of the following is an example of a detrital food chain? a. a coniferous forest b. sewage treatment plant c. open lake d. salt marsh

sewage treatment plant

In which region has the original, natural ecosystem been replaced by agriculture? a. the Middle U.S. b. Northeastern Canada c. the Southwest U.S. d. the Pacific Northwest

the Middle U.S.

The chief aim of CITES is to a. to prevent illegal international trade of endangered species. b. promote fair treatment of all people with respect to environmental laws. c. set aside resources for traditional lifestyles. d. develop wilderness for the benefit of humans.

to prevent illegal international trade of endangered species.

Which of the following best matches the description?Stage in the flow of energy in an ecosystem. a. denitrifying bacteria b. herbivore c. omnivore d. producer e. trophic level f. community g. ectoparasite h. limiting factor i. secondary consumer j. nitrogen cycle k. biomass l. habitat m. carbon cycle n. interspecific competition o. nitrogen-fixing bacteria p. intraspecific competition

trophic level

Savannas are found in a. Europe. b. tropical parts of Africa. c. Canada. d. None of these are correct.

tropical parts of Africa.

Which biome is characterized by tree frogs, large vines, and fruit-eating birds and bats? a. grassland b. savanna c. tropical rainforest d. tundra

tropical rainforest

To get around the Oil Protection Act of 1990 many oil carriers a. use lightly regulated oil barges pulled by tugboats. b. have constructed pipelines under the ocean floor. c. have increased the use of supertankers. d. use unregulated foreign cruise ships.

use lightly regulated oil barges pulled by tugboats.