EOC study guide
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the use of fossil fuels and deforestation account for 74% of all greenhouse gasses released as a consequence of human activities. Based on this information, what can be inferred by examining the relationship between the data in Graph A and Graph B? Natural forces cause global warming from CO2 emissions. Deforestation and fossil fuel use contribute to global warming. The increase in atmospheric CO2 does not contribute to the increase in global warming. Fossil fuel use and the rate of deforestation is constant, but global warming continues to increase.
Deforestation and fossil fuel use contribute to global warming.
The predator-prey relationship necessitates a balance. In some species there is an apex predator, such as the Great White Shark. Why would reduction of an apex predator negatively impact prey populations? Elimination of the apex predator would decrease the small predators, causing an increase in the prey populations. Elimination of the apex predator would increase the small predators, causing an increase in the prey populations. Elimination of the apex predator would decrease the small predators, causing an decrease in the prey populations. Elimination of the apex predator would increase the small predators, causing an decrease in the prey populations.
Elimination of the apex predator would increase the small predators, causing an decrease in the prey populations.
How do volcanic eruptions affect global temperatures First eruptions warm the air because smoke and ash contribute to greenhouse gasses, then carbon dioxide cools the air. First eruptions cool the air because smoke and ash block the sun, then carbon dioxide warms the air by contributing to greenhouse gasses. First eruptions warm the air because carbon dioxide fumes block the sun, then smoke and ash cool the air by sealing holes in the ozone layer. First eruptions cool the air because smoke and ash mix with water vapor and form snow, then carbon dioxide warms the air by contributing to greenhouse gasses.
First eruptions cool the air because smoke and ash block the sun, then carbon dioxide warms the air by contributing to greenhouse gasses.
Although uncontrolled wildfires can have extreme effects on wildlife habitats, these effects of fire are temporary. Controlled or prescribed fire is a useful and important tool for land management in Florida and in other areas of the United States. Which is a positive environmental result of prescribed fire used as a land managment tool? Removing scrub and vegetation would make it easier for hunters to view their prey. Fire destroys animal and plant populations that might be invasive so that native species can thrive. Birds' nests are damanged and destroyed, causing the variety of bird populations and diversity of bird species to decline. Florida forests evolve with fir, so periodic fires maintain proper plant communities, providing food and shelter for wildlife.
Florida forests evolve with fir, so periodic fires maintain proper plant communities, providing food and shelter for wildlife.
Which of the following is not an environmental benefit of forests? Forest trees absorb water and prevent floods that increase soil erosion. Forests provide a habitat for terrestrial organisms and help maintain biodiversity. Forest trees reduce the available nutrients in the ecosystem and maximize their energy input. Forests are carbon reservoirs and often release large amounts of greenhouse gases that moderate temperature.
Forest trees reduce the available nutrients in the ecosystem and maximize their energy input.
Scientists are currently researching new ways to obtain energy from our natural, renewable resources. Which best contrasts the benefits of fossil fuels with the benefits of wave power in the ocean? Fossil fuels are renewable and inexpensive while wave energy is nonrenewable and expensive. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable and inexpensive while wave energy is renewable and inexpensive. Fossil fuels are versatile and emit little pollution while wave energy is renewable and emits less pollution. Fossil fuels are versatile and inexpensive while wave energy is renewable and does not emit greenhouse gases.
Fossil fuels are versatile and inexpensive while wave energy is renewable and does not emit greenhouse gases.
Data collected from ice cores have been compared in the diagrams illustrated below taken from a research station in Antarctica. What climate relationship can most likely be concluded from the information shown in these two graphs? Higher ice CO2 levels are the result of higher temperatures. Lower ice CO2 levels are the result of higher temperatures. Higher atmospheric CO2 levels lead to higher temperatures. Lower atmospheric CO2 levels lead to higher temperatures.
Higher atmospheric CO2 levels lead to higher temperatures.
A local environmentalist group in Small Town, Idaho has asked the town mayor to look into building a solar panel complex to supply the town's energy needs. What should be the first thing the Mayor should find out if the mayor is going to proceed in building this solar panel complex? How much will the solar panel complex cost? How much sun does the town get on an annual basis? How many people actually want the solar panel complex? How will this affect the mayor's re-election chances in the next election?
How much sun does the town get on an annual basis?
According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, which of the following is true? I. Energy is not conserved. II. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. III. Energy can transfer from one form to another. I only II and III I and III I, II, and III
II and III
Incineration is a waste management process that can generate usable energy. Which of the following would be considered a drawback of the incineration process? If organic material is incinerated, toxic ash might be produced. If inorganic material is incinerated, toxic ash might be produced. If organic material is incinerated, usable energy will not be produced. If inorganic material is incinerated, usable energy will not be produced.
If inorganic material is incinerated, toxic ash might be produced.
Which statement describes the most likely result of a field being cleared to build homes? The total number of organisms at each trophic level will increase. Loss of biodiversity in the ecosystem will increase. The productivity of the community will increase. Rates of soil erosion will decrease.
Loss of biodiversity in the ecosystem will increase.
The use of mobile cellular phones has increased global communication, yet like all forms of technology, there are some environmental costs. Metals such as tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold are used in the manufacturing of mobile phones. Which environmental costs are most likely a result of an increase in mobile cell phone use? Mobile phone companies have decreased the size of cell phones and package volume. Mobile phones contain metals that can leach into landfills when they are disposed of improperly. The cost of mining the metals for the manufacturing of the mobile phone can increase the rate of recycling. Using mobile phones reduces the use of automobiles which decreases the amount of gasoline used in order to communicate with others.
Mobile phones contain metals that can leach into landfills when they are disposed of improperly.
The venomous lionfish is native to the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. This fish has recently been introduced into the Atlantic Ocean. Which of the following could describe a consequence of the introduction of this species? Native fish species will not be affected by the non-native lionfish. Native fish species will increase in population due to a new prey species. Native predators will quickly decrease the population of the non-native lionfish. Native fish species will show reduced populations due to competition with the lionfish.
Native fish species will show reduced populations due to competition with the lionfish.
Oceans can have a significant influence on climates around the world. Which of the following does not accurately describe this influence? oceans moderate coastal climates by absorbing heat from the atmosphere Oceans moderate climates by transporting heat from the tropics to higher latitudes. Oceans change precipitation patterns by absorbing excess water vapor from the atmosphere. Oceans reduce concentrations of greenhouse gases by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Oceans change precipitation patterns by absorbing excess water vapor from the atmosphere.
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Africa, a mineral resource called coltan is used to make cell phones, ink-jet printers, jet engines, camera lenses, airbags, video game consoles, and other electronic products. Coltan is a combination of two minerals: columbite and tantalite. Although these minerals are mined in other locations around the world, a percentage comes from the Congo. Unfortunately, there is a major civil war going on in the Congo, and the mineral profits from coltan help to provide money for guns, ammunition, and other devices used to fight the war. To complicate matters, the high price and demand of coltan are causing related conflicts, including the illegal digging and smuggling of coltan with the associated environmental damage. Coltan smugglers and miners are damaging and infiltrating national parks. A lot of the native animals, such as elephants and giraffes, are being killed because their habitats are near coltan mines. Mining activities also contribute to significant erosion, which can cause problems as sediments build up in nearby water supplies. Which would not be an environmental disadvantage of coltan mining? Before mining operations in a region can begin, the mining company must relocate the plants and animals living there. Once a coltan mining company has removed the tantalum, land areas that have been mined must go through reclamation. The process of mining tantalum involves blasting, crushing, and transporting the resulting ore to begin the process of freeing the tantalum. A small town suffering from a high unemployment rate considers allowing a company which promises to create dozens of jobs to mine the surrounding hills.
Once a coltan mining company has removed the tantalum, land areas that have been mined must go through reclamation.
Scientists agree that human behavior has contributed to climate change, but climate change can also affect human behavior. How could climate change affect future Florida residents? People in Florida will move inland in order to avoid hurricane danger. There will be rapid growth in the residential areas in Florida. Florida residents could enjoy nicer days at the beaches. Florida residents will have decreased risk of diseases.
People in Florida will move inland in order to avoid hurricane danger.
The Burmese python is a nonnative snake that has established itself in the Florida everglades. Burmese pythons have traits that increase the risk of establishment in nonnative ecosystems. They grow rapidly to a large size. They can live in many different kinds of habitats. They can eat a variety of mammals, birds, and reptiles. They can live in trees when they are younger and smaller. They are tolerant of urbanizations. They are a sit-and-wait predator. Which of the following describes the most likely affect the Burmese python has had on native mammal biodiversity in the Florida everglades? The Burmese python has had no effect on the Florida Everglades' biodiversity. The effect of the Burmese python in Everglades mammals cannot be determined. The Burmese python has decreased the biodiversity of mammals in the Florida Everglades. The Burmese python has increased the biodiversity of mammals in the Florida Everglades.
The Burmese python has decreased the biodiversity of mammals in the Florida Everglades.
Mullet are local estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans, and dolphins. An experiment was conducted to monitor the mullet population over a five year period. The data below shows that the number of mullet in the area has changed over a five year period. Year Number of Mullet 1 850 2 800 3 700 4 610 5 550 Based on the data, one researcher concludes that a new predator was introduced into the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population?
The amount of aquatic in the area decreased.
Using the energy pyramid below, which of the following statements explains why a food chain does not exceed 5 or 6 links? First trophic level organisms consume too much of the energy from the producers. Producers cannot transform enough energy to support more organisms at the top level of the food chain. The amount of available energy will not support more links because of energy used and transformed at each level. The low number of upper trophic level organisms cannot support the energy requirements of higher level organisms.
The amount of available energy will not support more links because of energy used and transformed at each level.
A paper mill located on a coastal region of Florida experienced an accident in which a large portion of toxic waste from the plant leaked into the ocean. This waste contained dioxins which are classified as persistent organic pollutants. Based on this information, what could be an effect of this unfortunate accident? The dioxins will likely cause genetic mutations in the local fish populations. The dioxins, being persistent organic pollutants, will concentrate as they move up the food chain. The dioxins are not likely to affect the local populations because persistent organic pollutants do not dissolve well in water. The chemical will most likely cause the eggs and sperm of any fish to create offspring with birth defects, thus decreasing all local fish populations.
The dioxins, being persistent organic pollutants, will concentrate as they move up the food chain.
A description of an invasive species is shown below. Which prediction can be made about the negative impact caused by this invasive species on biodiversity? The invasive species grows more slowly than the native plant species. The invasive species blocks light from reaching the native plant species. The invasive species has climbing vines that support the native plant species. The invasive species increases the number of pollinators visiting the native plant species.
The invasive species blocks light from reaching the native plant species.
Invasive python populations have had a significant impact on biodiversity in the Everglades, including a severe decline in the number and variety of mid-sized mammals. What can be inferred about the relationship between the python and mammals in the Everglades? The python does not prey on mid-size mammals but competes for food and nesting spots. The python and the mid-sized mammals in the Everglades have a commensal relationship but compete for food. The python preys on mid-sized mammals in the Everglades and also competes with mid-sized mammals for food. The python and mid-sized mammals in the Everglades prey equally on each other's populations and have formed a mutual relationship.
The python preys on mid-sized mammals in the Everglades and also competes with mid-sized mammals for food.
A community has had an increase of 5% in their population within the last year. As a result, city officials have planned to build a new commerce center that includes clothing stores, supermarkets, 4and restaurants. What should the local government consider about the environmental effects of this project prior to approving the plan? The pressures from developers and environmentalists should be considered. The needs of the developer should be considered before the effects of the environment. The impacts of the development on endangered species does not have to be considered. The risk of a loss of biodiversity in native species due to habitat destruction should be considered.
The risk of a loss of biodiversity in native species due to habitat destruction should be considered.
Historically the United States has been dependent on nonrenewable energy resources, mainly petroleum. What is an environmental benefit of renewable energy resources? The fuel being derived increases costs of operation. They have little or no net carbon or greenhouse gas emissions. They depend on predictable weather patterns for their sources of power. They generate larger quantities of energy than traditional fossil fuel generators.
They have little or no net carbon or greenhouse gas emissions.
Jade conducted an experiment to determine if water had an effect on how many seeds germinated. In tray 1 she added the seeds, turned off all of the light source, added no water, and increased the heat to 32 degrees Celsius. In tray 2, she added the seeds, kept all of the light source on, added 50 ml of water, and kept the heat at 24 degrees Celsius. In tray 3, she added the seeds, kept all of the light source on, added 100 ml of water, and kept the heat at 24 degrees Celsius. She determined that tray 2 produced the most germinated seeds with 50 ml of water. This conclusion was determined to be invalid by her teacher because she did not use sound scientific processes for this experiment. Which part of this experiment would not be considered scientifically sound?
Variables other than the tested variable were changed in tray 1.
There is a natural greenhouse effect that keeps our environment warm and livable due to water vapor and clouds in our atmosphere. There is also a man-made greenhouse effect due to the burning of fossil fuels and an increase of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Regardless of the reason for the increase in our atmosphere's temperature, which is the correct order for the changes in energy that contribute to the warming of the Earth by our sun? Electromagnetic wave energy changes into solar energy. Infrared energy changes into radiant heat energy. Radiant heat energy changes to ultraviolet energy. Visible light energy changes to radiant heat energy.
Visible light energy changes to radiant heat energy.
Which of the following statements best explains the benefits of using windmills or wind turbines as compared to burning fossil fuels? Windmills or wind turbines produce clean air as compared to fossils fuels whose emissions contribute to global warming. Windmills or wind turbines produce contaminate air as compared to fossils fuels which cause no change in global warming. Windmills or wind turbines produce too much carbon dioxide as compared to fossil fuels which add more oxygen into the atmosphere. Windmills or wind turbines add too much carbon dioxide into the oceans as compared to fossils fuels which add more oxygen into the atmosphere.
Windmills or wind turbines produce clean air as compared to fossils fuels whose emissions contribute to global warming.
Wilde is studying the difference between biotic and abiotic components in class. He has elected to draw a poster for a class project to better understand the difference. Which of the following examples would he classify as biotic and add to his poster? a buoy a sand barge a starfish a waves crest
a starfish
Which of these is the best way to prevent illness from viral disease, such as measles or the flu? being vaccinated taking antibiotic medication drinking lots of fluids during cold season using only antibacterial gel for cleaning hands
being vaccinated
DDT is a pesticide developed in the 1940s that was used to control insect-borne diseases. DDT has been linked to several types of birth defects and was banned by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1972. It was discovered that DDT stays in the fatty tissue of animals and is biologically magnified through an ecosystem. Which organism would be most impacted by DDT? photosynthetic algae Zooplankton bait fish birds
birds
Global warming has a significant effect on temperatures at Earth's poles. These changes could cause ocean levels to rise, creating a dramatic impact on boundaries between the land and the sea. Which change to the environment is NOT likely to occur if temperatures increase at Earth's poles? loss of coastal habitats flooded tropical islands altered salinity in estuaries coastal wetlands drying out
coastal wetlands drying out
Local environmentalists have noticed that a bird population has decreased in a local forest. They think that pollution from the nearby chemical plant is to blame. Which of the following should be done first to solve the problem and restore the bird populations? start a community petition to close the chemical factory bring in birds from other forests to restore the original size of birds in the forest collect and analyze data to assess what is causing the decline in bird populations educate nearby communities of the dangers of a having a chemical factory nearby
collect and analyze data to assess what is causing the decline in bird populations
Which practice most effectively informs policymakers about environmental issues? discussions of scientific issues in the newspaper collecting data on a natural event and its impact surveying the public for their opinion proposing questions about nature
collecting data on a natural event and its impact
Some barnacles derive nutrients from living on the flesh of whales. This causes limited pain and itching in the whales. Which type of symbiotic relationship do these organisms have? Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism predation
commensalism
Which example can be classified as a hazard of mercury? concentration increases up the aquatic food chain enlarging the hole in the ozone layer increasing the temperature of Earth's oceans highly radioactive to aquatic life
concentration increases up the aquatic food chain
Which of the following most effectively allows forests to recover from tree harvesting? cutting only medium-sized or mature trees cutting all of the trees and then replanting the area with seedlings allowing the forest to reseed itself cutting only young trees and then replacing them with seedlings
cutting only medium-sized or mature trees
The fungus lichen and certain species of algae have a symbiotic relationship which allows them to be a successful pioneer species for a primary succession. What does the lichen contribute as the pioneer species? absorbs water for the algae to live in decomposition to create nutrient soil food for the algae photosynthetic ability
decomposition to create nutrient soil
A population of crabs was recently exposed to a new disease. Which type of limiting factor is this disease and what will be its predicted impact on the carrying capacity of this population? density dependent; the carrying capacity will increase density dependent; the carrying capacity will decrease density independent; the carrying capacity will increase density independent; the carrying capacity will be reduced
density dependent; the carrying capacity will decrease
The Florida Panther is the Florida state animal. Only 80 to 100 panthers still remain, making this one of the most rare and endangered mammals in the world. Which of the following is an abiotic limiting factor that has led to the decrease in population of the Florida Panther? habitat loss prey availability human encroachment fewer breeding opportunities
habitat loss
Which of the following examples can be classified as a loss of biodiversity due to catastrophic events? hurricane causing flooding pythons abandoned in the Everglades habitat destruction for apartment complex construction ozone depletion causing higher atmospheric temperatures
hurricane causing flooding
Climate models are constructed from past climate data and known physical principles. The ability for the model to reproduce current climate provides confidence that predictions on future climate forecasts are accurate. Typically some climate variables show higher accuracy than others. How can a fairly accurate model be improved so that it is useful in predicting all types of climate conditions? improving the computer codes increasing testing on current climate conditions subject the models to more comprehensive testing increase both the amount and different types of data used in the model
increase both the amount and different types of data used in the model
The International Panel on Climate Change is a group of scientists from different countries who study and monitor the temperature of Earth's atmosphere. The panel has concluded that Earth's climate is getting warmer. As a result of the conclusion, which of the following are possible solutions that countries could implement to slow the rate of global warming? increase the human population cut down more trees for fuel wood increase the number of coal burning power plants increase dependence on renewable energy technologies
increase dependence on renewable energy technologies
Sustainable land use addresses the use of resources to benefit the local economy while maintaining soil and land quality. What would not be considered an environmental consequence of sustainable land use? animal habitat destruction environmental law implementation increase in employment increase in soil diversion
increase in employment
Lake Okeechobee collects rainwater runoff from several sources. When the lake's water level is too high, the water is released into the Indian River Lagoon. Which of the following is not a likely environmental impact from the released water? increased growth rate of sea grass increased algae growth and blooms increased phosphorus levels in the water increased bacterial concentrations in the water
increased growth rate of sea grass
Which biotic factor would most likely impact aquatic organisms in an estuary? increased pH of the water increased populations of invasive species increased salinity of the water increased temperature of the water
increased populations of invasive species
Due to the increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide and methane, Earth's climate is changing. Which of the following are the least likely effects of this climate change on ecosystems? reduced biodiversity in tropical rainforest ecosystems increased population sizes of coral reef fish species reduced number and severity of hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean increased range of latitude for tropical diseases and their insect vectors
increased range of latitude for tropical diseases and their insect vectors
You own 100 acres of farmland that lies on the bank of a large river. Local authorities want to access your right of way to accommodate cargo shipping. Which effect of this activity will positively impact your land? increased availability of imported products increased revenue for local population pollution created by fuel spills from ships soil displacement from dock construction
increased revenue for local population
Which of these is NOT a risk of overusing renewable resources? elimination of the resource reduced quality of the resource increased supply of the resource decreased availability of the resource
increased supply of the resource
Mountaintop coal mining is a process in which trees and soil are removed from the ground to reach the coal underneath. The disturbed soil is deposited in nearby valleys and streams. Which of these identifies how this process could affect the local environment? decreased acid rain increased temperature decreased air pollution increased water contamination
increased water contamination
Scientists have investigated the role of fossil fuels in air pollution. Which change most likely results from this research? increasing the use of electricity decreasing the use of hydroelectric power increasing the use of alternative energy sources decreasing the use of non-rechargeable batteries
increasing the use of alternative energy sources
Which health factor is an individual unable to change? Nutrition Environment inherited genes cholesterol levels
inherited genes
How does the introduction of an invasive species result in a loss of biodiversity? invasive species have more predators invasive species displace native species invasive species have a low reproductive rate invasive species do not adapt well to local habitats
invasive species displace native species
Plastic bottle use, recycling, and disposal have many environmental implications. One effect is the creation of floating transportation, allowing species to move around the planet. How does the movement of species affect biodiversity? invasive species contribute to biodiversity invasive species disrupt existing habitats organisms can easily migrate organisms can find protections from predators
invasive species disrupt existing habitats
The diagram traces the development of acid rain from factory pollutants. The diagram does NOT explain how acid rain forms within the water cycle through condensation and precipitation. can get into groundwater and increase the acidity of local watersheds. is formed because factories release sulfuric and nitric oxides into the air. is chemically broken down into harmful substances when it enters bodies of water.
is chemically broken down into harmful substances when it enters bodies of water.
The world is continuing to expand economically, and consumers are demanding more products. Which of the following is the most direct negative impact caused by the enormous use of paper products around the world? abundant acid precipitation increasing global warming increasing use of landfills large scale deforestation
large scale deforestation
Which of the following would possibly lead to a decrease in species biodiversity in Florida? hosting an ocean coast cleanup project once a month letting wild boar from England invade peoples' farm land protecting land for state and national parks python hunting during a specific season
letting wild boar from England invade peoples' farm land
Which of the following would possibly lead to a decrease in species biodiversity in Florida? hosting an ocean coast cleanup project once a month letting wild boar from England invade peoples' farm land protecting land for state and national parks python hunting during a specific season
lionfish invading coastal waters
One of the most pressing environmental challenges facing cities and suburbs in the United States is the impact of stormwater runoff from developed land - highways, parking lots, rooftops, and other impermeable surfaces. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that "more than 10 trillion gallons of untreated urban and suburban storm water runoff make its way into our surface waters annually" (National Resources Defense Council water quality report-2012). In many communities, this runoff is the major source of water quality impairment. Green infrastructure is an urban strategy being employed in many new development and redevelopment areas since it prevents rainwater from running off in the first place. Which of these would best exemplify this "green infrastructure" strategy that reduces storm water runoff? compact building patterns in which new paved areas are shared and maintained transportation coordination and more efficient use of impervious surfaces on roadways relocation of natural waterways closer to planned developed areas and existing redevelopment areas low impact development replicating the natural use of vegetation and soils as natural sponges for runoff
low impact development replicating the natural use of vegetation and soils as natural sponges for runoff
It costs a lot of money to keep a green lawn, especially in Florida. A nice lawn comes with an environmental price. Which is an example of the environmental cost of low oxygen in nearby waters. limiting amount of fertilizer allowed on lawns nitrogen runoff from manicured lawn polluting Florida's lakes increasing fish population due to less nitrogen pollution using a chemical to reduce the amount of excessive plant growth in a pond
nitrogen runoff from manicured lawn polluting Florida's lakes
Sustainability is the use of a resource that does not cause long term depletion of the resource or affect the diversity of the ecosystem. Started in 1876, the U.S. Forest Service underwent a series of name changes as it grew to protect and utilize millions of acres of forest on public land. Forests are renewable resources that provide a host of ecosystem services as well as raw materials for many products. Which of these is not a benefit of maintaining sustainable forest ecosystems? habitat for numerous species open space to build homes reduction of erosion in watershed areas regulation of weather patterns
open space to build homes
Which of these sources would provide the most reliable information on investigations of the dangers of Bisphenol A (BPA) plastics?
peer-reviewed journal
Marine biologists are assessing a population of blue marlin in the Gulf of Mexico. As a means of analysis, they create an age structure diagram for the population. The resulting age structure diagram resembles a barrel, with the highest numbers being in the middle ages. What is a logical conclusion that can be drawn based on the shape of the age structure diagram? population is stable population is growing rapidly population is experiencing a decline in number population is experiencing a slight increase in number
population is experiencing a decline in number
Issues surrounding freshwater resources are a worldwide concern. As the world population grows exponentially, our drinkable water supply remains at about one percent of the total water present on Earth. Current patterns of water use involve excessive waste and increased water pollution that is harmful to aquatic ecosystems, which leads to environmental imbalances. If practiced by all individuals, Which of the following would best reduce the abuse of freshwater supplies and increase the availability of freshwater? industries and scientists developing new technologies to clean polluted water resources using automatic appliances and lights in commercial buildings and offices to reduce energy waste practicing water conservation by fixing leaks, running water only as needed, and using energy efficient appliances companies and governing bodies developing new strategies so they won't have to purchase fresh water in the future
practicing water conservation by fixing leaks, running water only as needed, and using energy efficient appliances
What type of questions can be answered through a scientific experiment?
questions that are testable
Since the 1990's, the increasing demand for oil has led to higher fuel prices. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the increased demand for oil? greater availability of fuel-efficient cars increasing amount of worldwide regulation on the oil trade extracting oil is proving to be more difficult than in years past rapid industrialization of China and India, which have more than 2 billion people
rapid industrialization of China and India, which have more than 2 billion people
Jada is studying changes in ecosystems in class. She is learning how climate change affects the ecosystem. She is looking for evidence of climate change for a report. Which example would be classified as evidence of global warming? rapid melting glacial ice more UV radiation in the atmosphere increased rainfall in the Gulf of Mexico temperature fluctuation during the winter months
rapid melting glacial ice
Florida's Apalachicola Bay provides much of the fish, oysters, and shrimp sold in Franklin County. Organizations dedicated to environmental protection and preservation of Florida wetlands often provide reasons to convince people to join their cause. These include economic, aesthetic (beauty), and moral reasons. Which group, for economic reasons, would be least likely motivated to protect and preserve Florida's Apalachicola Bay? fish restaurant owners in Franklin County commercial oyster fishers of Apalachicola Bay recreational fishers who visit Apalachicola Bay suppliers of commercial fishing equipment of Apalachicola Bay
recreational fishers who visit Apalachicola Bay
Wetlands provide a unique habitat for many plants and animals. Wetlands are also important in water purification, flood control, and shoreline stability. How does housing development in wetlands affect the ecosystem? reduces biodiversity decreases pollutants increases availability of nutrients increases protection from hurricanes
reduces biodiversity
Which of the following symbiotic relationships demonstrates mutualism? the sea spider larvae will pierce through a coral polyp and live inside it, gaining food and nutrients from the coral a goby fish living in the spines of a toxic sea urchin to gain protection from its predator, the sea urchin is not affected a sponge that provides a safe home filled with nutrients for worms and crustaceans, but the organisms do not harm the sponge the anemone hermit crab attaches several small anemones to its shell as camouflage, the anemones in turn get a mobile home exposing them to more food options
the anemone hermit crab attaches several small anemones to its shell as camouflage, the anemones in turn get a mobile home exposing them to more food options
The state of California requires auto owners to get their vehicle inspected every year. The inspection ensures that the vehicle is not emitting exhaust containing high levels of pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO). Which of the following best explains why California requires these inspections? to increase the amount of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere to ensure the quality of the pollutants in the atmosphere to decrease the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere to ensure the quality of the air in the atmosphere
to ensure the quality of the air in the atmosphere
Chemistry students are researching the subjects of phosphates and water. The scientific facts about phosphates they gathered from their research are shown in the table below. CHEMISTRY FACTS ABOUT PHOSPHATES 1 They can act as a pollutant. 2 They are used by both terrestrial and aquatic plants as nutrients. 3 They include compounds having the polyatomic ion PO . 4 They are used to make detergents and to treat metals. However phosphates are used, they can wind up in surface and groundwater due to runoff. In addition to the data on phosphates, the students discovered that a decrease in the oxygen supply of water may occur as aquatic plants die and decay. Which of these possible decisions would a community most likely make after analyzing the students' data? to work to replace the oxygen in water supplies by warming the water to reduce the amount of phosphates in detergents that enter water supplies to prevent all phosphates that contain compounds from entering waste water to add metals to water to chemically bind the phosphate into insoluble substances
to reduce the amount of phosphates in detergents that enter water supplies
Below is a sample food pyramid and data which lists the organisms and their total energy in Joules. Because an organism uses energy for metabolic processes, the amount of available energy transferred to the next trophic level decreases. Based on the information in the data chart, what is the percentage of available energy a hawk obtains from eating a snake? 10% 20% 50% 98%
20%
Which stage most likely represents the result of climate change and oceanic warming? 1 2 3 4
4
Drought is an issue that some communities take action on by selecting drought-resistant plants and banning grasses that require frequent watering. Which of the following statements describes scientific research that could be completed to support the decision-making process for this issue?
Climate data should be analyzed to determine average annual precipitation and how much additional water landscaping requires.
which of the following points represents the carrying capacity of the population A B C D
D
Which of these best describes how the increased use of hybrid cars rather than gasoline-only cars may help environment? Hybrid cars have decreased engine noise. Hybrid cars have decreased gas emissions. Hybrid cars increase the consumption of fossil fuels. Hybrid cars increase the energy needed for manufacturing.
Hybrid cars have decreased gas emissions.
Ozone depleting substances have been depleting the ozone layer since the 1970's. Which example could be classified as a result of a hole in the ozone layer? Less rainfall occurs over the Indian Ocean. More ultraviolet radiation reaches Earth's surface. More pollution is released into Earth's atmosphere. Ocean current circulation has been greatly affected.
More ultraviolet radiation reaches Earth's surface.
Corals grow in dense groups on the floor of the ocean. Which type of distribution pattern does this represent and what is the advantage of this distribution? This is a clumped distribution which reduces competition for space and food. This is a uniform distribution that allows more protection of offspring for the colony. This is a random distribution that allows individuals to offer protection to each other from predators. This is a clumped distribution that enables more reproductive success due to proximity to other individuals.
This is a clumped distribution that enables more reproductive success due to proximity to other individuals.
The government must decide if an animal should be placed on the endangered species list. Which of the following conditions does not support placing this species on the endangered species list? This species' population has recently dropped slightly below carrying capacity. This species lives only on a specific coral reef that has recently shown evidence of bleaching. This species fills a specialized niche and its population is steadily decreasing due to a loss of habitat. This species is vital to the functioning of the ecosystem and has recently shown a decline in population due to unknown reasons.
This species' population has recently dropped slightly below carrying capacity.
What is the primary benefit of using wind power and solar energy directly for energy, rather than coal and natural gas? Coal and natural gas are difficult to acquire. Coal and natural gas are extremely efficient. Wind power and solar energy are far less expensive to use. Wind power and solar energy are renewable energy sources.
Wind power and solar energy are renewable energy sources.
Which of the following actions is most likely to have a negative effect on Earth's ecosystems? the construction of new facilities to recycle metals a gradual increase in human population regulations minimizing air pollution protection of native species
a gradual increase in human population
Which of following examples can be classified as a loss of biodiversity directly due to human impact? a new building on previously protected land carbon emissions causing higher atmospheric temperatures lion fish being set free into coastal waters a tsunami causing massive erosion
a new building on previously protected land
Tamara is reviewing waste management strategies for her class. While reviewing, she comes across the fact that municipal solid waste can be recycled. Which example is not classified as a component of municipal solid waste that can be recycled? all plastics glass paper product some metals
all plastics
What are two contributing components that influence the contamination of a body of water from rain? industrialized waste water and humans large populated areas and geological location amount of rainfall and surrounding ground type humans watering during a drought and large populations
amount of rainfall and surrounding ground type
What would most likely occur over time if the burning and clearing of tropical rainforests stopped? a decrease in the biodiversity of species a decrease in the source of new medicines an increase in the amount of atmospheric pollution produced an increase in the amount of oxygen released into the atmosphere
an increase in the amount of oxygen released into the atmosphere
As human populations grow, the paving of parking lots and driveways increases in cities. Which of the following will not increase as a result? aquifer levels Evaporation Runoff surface water pollution
aquifer levels
The excess accumulation of which of the following greenhouse gases causes acidification in the oceans by damaging the shells of marine organisms and coral reefs? carbon dioxide Methane nitrous oxide water vapor
carbon dioxide
ABC Engineering wants to design a sound barrier that will limit the noise in a residential Tampa Neighborhood that borders an interstate highway. Materials must be chosen based on documented studies. Which source of information would be the most reliable for choosing materials?
multiple studies done on materials tested for barrier qualities surrounding airport
Jordan is studying the aspects of population in class. He is learning about multiple factors that could influence population size. Which example is not a factor that influences population size? birth rate death rate movement of organisms in and out of an area number of living organisms that have diseases
number of living organisms that have diseases
Scientists who are part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change publish reports containing evidence of global warming. Which type of data would support the conclusion that global warming is currently occurring?
yearly records of temperature measurements over several decades
Which of the following examples would be classified as a biotic component in a marine system? pH of water Salt temperature of water zooplankton
zooplankton
Written records have been used to determine past climate history. For example, records indicate the timing of grape harvests in Europe. A research article titled, "Climate Induced Historic and Future Changes in Viticulture," published in 2010 by Schultz and Jones, shows the following graph of harvest dates for three regions with slightly different climates. Which statement best describes how an inference about the climate history of Europe can be drawn from this data?
An inference can be drawn by comparing changes in the harvest dates of each region.
In the early 1900s government officials wanted to convert parts of the Everglades into productive farmland. This was accomplished by draining parts of the Everglades to make the land suitable for agriculture and development. The loss of water changed the characteristics of the marsh. For example, the American crocodile excavates burrows along the water's edge and eats mostly fish. How could the draining of the Everglades affect animals such as the American crocodile? Animals could improve their migratory patterns. Animal habitats may be exposed to less pollution. Animal habitats in ecosystems could become larger. Animals may be cut off from an important resource.
Animals may be cut off from an important resource.
DDT USE In the 1940s and 1950s, the pesticide DDT gained widespread use. While it was quite effective in controlling disease-spreading mosquito populations, it also caused environmental problems, killing aquatic life, birds, and helpful insects. Tests showed that in the early 1970s, most adults had detectable levels of DDT in their body tissues. Even after the pesticide was banned a few years later, people's bodies still showed some levels of DDT. Which of the generalizations is NOT supported by the above information? A poisoned environment was seen as a greater problem than mosquito-spread disease. Substances that seem beneficial at first can turn out to be harmful over time. DDT stays in the environment and the food chain long after it is used. DDT may harm animal life but has no known effect on humans.
DDT may harm animal life but has no known effect on humans.
Runoff from land often contains harmful pollutants that end up in our ocean ecosystems. Which would be an accurate example of a pollutant found in runoff and its impact on our oceans? Fertilizer runoff can cause harmful algal blooms. Pesticide runoff can cause harmful algal blooms. Dioxins from paper mills can cause harmful algal blooms. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from electric plants can cause harmful algal blooms.
Fertilizer runoff can cause harmful algal blooms.
It has long been thought that solar energy was the ultimate source of all energy on Earth. What must have occurred in the scientific community when scientists discovered the existence of ecosystems near ocean hydrothermal vents?
Scientists conducted further research and eventually modified the theory to include this source of chemical energy.
The Taylor Wells oil spill destroyed most of the marine ecosystem in which it occurred. The plankton and algae were mostly destroyed which resulted in devastation to the higher trophic levels. Human efforts were made to clean up the surface oil in order to allow more sunlight to penetrate the water for recovering producers. Which type of succession occurred in this ecosystem? Secondary succession because all organisms at higher trophic levels were lost. Primary succession because the oil spill killed so many organisms in this ecosystem. Secondary succession because there were some producers that survived the oil spill. Primary succession because there were still some organisms that survived to recover the ecosystem.
Secondary succession because there were some producers that survived the oil spill.
Global climate change is often considered a cause of change in the ozone layer. Which of the following statements helps explain the relationship between climate change and ozone depletion? Since the ozone layer surrounds the Earth, heat produced by global warming causes holes to form. Since the ozone layer surrounds the Earth, it traps heat close to the surface and makes the Earth warmer. Since the ozone layer surrounds the Earth, holes in the ozone layer allow more heat from the sun to reach the Earth's surface. Since the ozone layer surrounds the earth, holes in the ozone layer caused by greenhouse gasses, allow heat to escape back into space and should make the earth cooler.
Since the ozone layer surrounds the earth, holes in the ozone layer caused by greenhouse gasses, allow heat to escape back into space and should make the earth cooler.
Although farmers once used only organic fertilizers to replenish nutrients in the soils, some have been replaced with synthetic fertilizers. Although synthetic fertilizers keep nutrient levels high and increase crop yields, they can have an affect on the environment. Which of the following would most likely lead to a ban of synthetic ferilizers? Synthetic fertilizers help prevent the spread of diseases. Synthetic fertilizers are less expensive than organic fertilizers. Synthetic fertilizers increase the potential for environmental pollution. Synthetic fertilizers provide nutrients, like nitrogen that can disrupt nutrient cycling
Synthetic fertilizers increase the potential for environmental pollution.
Although farmers once used only organic fertilizers to replenish nutrients in the soils, some have been replaced with synthetic fertilizers. Although synthetic fertilizers keep nutrient levels high and increase crop yields, they can have an affect on the environment. Which of the following would most likely lead to a ban of synthetic fertilizers? Synthetic fertilizers help prevent the spread of diseases. Synthetic fertilizers are less expensive than organic fertilizers. Synthetic fertilizers increase the potential for environmental pollution. Synthetic fertilizers provide nutrients, like nitrogen that can disrupt nutrient cycling.
Synthetic fertilizers increase the potential for environmental pollution.
John is completing an internship in biology at the Clearwater Marine Aquarium. He monitors the changes in the population size of sea urchins over a period of weeks recorded on the graph below. The sea urchins have now reached their carrying capacity. What will happen if the sea urchins exceed this carrying capacity? The population will die off completely. The sea urchins will decrease their need for food. The population will continue to increase in size over time. The population will experience a decline as there will not be enough food and space.
The population will experience a decline as there will not be enough food and space.
Invasive python populations have had a significant impact on biodiversity in the Everglades, including a severe decline in the number and variety of mid-sized mammals. What can be inferred about the relationship between the python and mammals in the Everglades The python does not prey on mid-size mammals but competes for food and nesting spots. The python and the mid-sized mammals in the Everglades have a commensal relationship but compete for food. The python preys on mid-sized mammals in the Everglades and also competes with mid-sized mammals for food. The python and mid-sized mammals in the Everglades prey equally on each other's populations and have formed a mutual relationship.
The python preys on mid-sized mammals in the Everglades and also competes with mid-sized mammals for food.
Researchers are always looking for new energy resources to support our growing energy needs. In the ocean, wave power has been studied extensively. Which of the following accurately describes the benefits of this form of energy? This form of energy is very inexpensive and nonrenewable. This form of energy is nonrenewable and readily available for use. This form of energy is renewable and can be used in place of dwindling fossil fuels. This form of energy is renewable, inexpensive, and easily accessible to every country in the world.
This form of energy is renewable and can be used in place of dwindling fossil fuels.
Recently, locations considered temperate have noticed an uptick in mosquito-borne illnesses such as West Nile Virus, Malaria, and Dengue fever. Which of the following best explains why these areas are experiencing an invasion of mosquitos carrying deadly pathogens? global warming natural disasters decreasing levels of immigration built up immunity by people in regions normally affected by mosquito-borne illness
global warming
Leah is studying changes in ecosystems in class. She is learning the difference between primary and secondary succession. Which example could be classified as secondary succession? cattails growing on a mudflat flowers growing out of old lava weeds and moss growing on a rocky cliff grasses growing where there was previously a rainforest
grasses growing where there was previously a rainforest
A community downstream from a chemical fertilizer factory is concerned about the quality of the stream water. Community members complain that the downstream water contains more algae and fewer fish than the water upstream from the factory. The factory decides to conduct water quality tests on the outflow. The data shows that the waste water is clean and drinkable. Which would provide the most useful information about the stream to the community? new water quality tests conducted by community members research on various water quality tests conducted by the community new water quality tests conducted by the factory at varying locations around the factory new water quality tests conducted by people outside of the community at varying locations around the factory
new water quality tests conducted by people outside of the community at varying locations around the factory
Which of the following examples can be classified as a loss of biodiversity due to climate change? a forest fire burning hundreds of acres illegal litter dumping on the side of a highway wild boar running loose on Florida farm land ozone depletion causing higher atmospheric temperatures
ozone depletion causing higher atmospheric temperatures.
Issues surrounding freshwater resources are a worldwide concern. As the world population grows exponentially, our drinkable water supply remains at about one percent of the total water present on Earth. Current patterns of water use involve excessive waste and increased water pollution that are harmful to aquatic ecosystems, which leads to environmental imbalances. If practiced by all individuals, Which of the following would best reduce the abuse of fresh water supplies and increase availability of freshwater? industries and scientists developing new technologies to clean polluted water resources using automatic appliances and lights in commercial buildings and offices to reduce energy waste practicing water conservation by fixing leaks, running water only as needed, and using energy efficient appliances companies and governing bodies developing new strategies so they won't have to purchase fresh water in the future
practicing water conservation by fixing leaks, running water only as needed, and using energy efficient appliances
Which of the following activities is the most likely cause of algal blooms in the Gulf of Mexico? dead marine life on coastal beaches dredging of deepwater regions for beach renourishment increased oil drilling platforms in deep water presence of nutrients caused by runoff from farmland
presence of nutrients caused by runoff from farmland
What is not an effect of the ocean on climate change? absorbs carbon dioxide evaporates water produces ozone stores carbon
produces ozone
What is a primary consumer for the ecosystem shown above? Blenny Crab sea urchin snapper
sea urchin
Which of the following examples would be classified as a point source of water pollution? highways in a rural area large area of farmlands lawns in a suburban area sewage treatment plant
sewage treatment plant
Which type of pollution will directly result in a higher number of asthma attacks in a community? smog Radiation contaminated soil contaminated water
smog
Oscar is an engineer at an oil company. Which factors go into his decision whether or not to extract oil from the ocean floor and how much oil to extract? the current value of a gallon of gas at the pump the total amount of greenhouse gases the oil will release when burned the developed nation that makes the largest purchase of oil from that location the distance the oil has to be transported, current market value of the oil, and potential environmental damages
the distance the oil has to be transported, current market value of the oil, and potential environmental damages
Stephanie enjoys going camping. During a camping trip she began to observe the sounds of all the crickets. Stephanie started to question if crickets chirped more on cooler nights in comparison with warmer nights. She decides to design and conduct an experiment to collect data on the subject. After her research she learns that chirping is done by the male crickets and they have different "songs" for different reasons including attracting a female. Stephanie hypothesizes that during warmer temperatures the crickets chirp faster. During her experiment she places a cricket in different temperature environments and counts the number of chirps in a 60 second period. The data results are as follows: test 10 C (50 F) 24 C (75 F) 32 C (90 F) 1 45 62 101 2 30 69 98 3 27 65 82 4 38 71 95 5 35 64 88 Based on Stephanie's experiment, what is the optimal temperature for cricket mating?
32 C (90 F)
Which statement best explains a biotic factor and its impact on the population of plankton in an aquatic ecosystem? A change in temperature will cause a decrease in the plankton population. An increase in fish population will cause the population of plankton to decrease. A change in the amount of sunlight will cause an increase in the plankton population. An increase in bacteria population will cause no change in the population of plankton.
An increase in fish population will cause the population of plankton to decrease.
In recent years, homeowner's insurance policy premiums for houses in Florida located along the coastline have increased exponentially. One factor cited for this increase is global warming. Which of the following best describes why global warming could play a part in insurance premium hikes? As the surface temperatures on Earth increase, hurricane activity becomes more intense causing catastrophic erosion along coastlines. Because coastlines are under increased erosional threats, Floridians located in the central areas of the state use more water from aquifers thus lowering Florida's elevation, meaning the rise in oceans will flood coastal regions. Intense tropical systems and non-tropical systems will cause increased soil deposition at the mouths of Florida's rivers and drainage basins, which means longshore currents will deposit greater amounts of sediment along coastlines, causing oceanfront property to no longer have ocean views. Due to increased atmospheric temperature, Florida's highlands will be inundated with greater amounts of rainfall causing drainage basins such as Lake Okeechobee to have higher water levels than natural; this water will drain towards the coast, flooding the coastal areas and causing homeowners to lose their property.
As the surface temperatures on Earth increase, hurricane activity becomes more intense causing catastrophic erosion along coastlines.
The diagram above illustrates the relationship between water sources and human disease, specifically diarrhea. Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is true? Diarrhea is caused by water chlorination. Diarrhea is caused by water sources. Diarrhea is caused by water conditioners. Diarrhea is caused by bacterial contamination.
Diarrhea is caused by bacterial contamination.
Which of the following is most likely a negative impact of nuclear power plants? Nuclear power plants create light pollution from radioactive substances. Nuclear power plants result in increased biodiversity. Nuclear power plants reduce dependence on foreign oil supplies. Nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste.
Nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste.
A large grocery store will be built in an area of unused land. The land has been sitting unused for 20 years with a great deal of succession on the land. Which will likely cause the greatest environmental impact after the store construction? The surface water runoff will be in greater amounts during any type of precipitation. The weeds and grass will grow between the cracks of all of the paved and concrete areas. The small birds and mice will adapt to the new area and make homes inside the grocery store. The grocery store will plant five trees in areas of the parking lot for the animals and the habitat.
The surface water runoff will be in greater amounts during any type of precipitation.
Which would be an environmental cost of clearing land to make a parking lot? increase in rate of photosynthesis decrease in amount of acid rain increase in rate of immigration decrease in biodiversity
decrease in biodiversity
Human activities affect the quality and supply of natural resources for future generations. Since the Industrial Revolution, the use of fossil fuels has greatly increased industrial productivity, but it has also caused environmental issues. Which is least likely to be caused by the burning of fossil fuels? acid deposition global warming industrial smog ozone depletion
ozone depletion
When it comes to environmental issues, each individual on the planet is a part of the problem and can be a part of the solution. Sustainability is possible when society, economy, and environment are in balance. Which practice would not eventually contribute to sustainability? purchasing products made from ecologically friendly materials harvested in a sustainable manner practicing water conservation by taking shorter showers and installing a low-flow shower head buying only local produce, or going a step farther and growing vegetables in a backyard garden supporting companies that transport food products from foreign countries in order to keep food costs low
supporting companies that transport food products from foreign countries in order to keep food costs low
Which of the following is a biotic factor that limits the carrying capacity of any habitat? the activity of decomposers the availability of water the level of atmospheric oxygen the availability of nutrients in soil
the activity of decomposers
