Practice Test || School Psych
A rural school district has two curriculum tracks. One track is for college- bound students and one track is for vocational training. The vocational track is typically for students with limited financial means. This school district was sued because it violated the law regarding ability of tracking students and denying access to courses for some students. In the final legal decision, the judge based his opinion on which landmark case? A. Diane v. State Board of Education B. Brown v. Board of Education C. Hobson v. Hansen D. Larry v. Riles
C. Hobson v. Hansen
A school psychologist may evaluate research for school districts (systems level). One of the most common means to evaluating research variables has been through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Which type of ANOVA moderates bias in the dependent variable to increase the validity of the researcher's conclusion? A. Multivariate ANOVA B. Mixed factorial ANOVA C. Repeated-measures ANOVA D. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
D. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
What is the landmark case that is regarding ability of tracking students and denying access to courses for some students?
Hobson v. Hansen
Which critical law or case law states that special education students must have a manifestation hearing to review placement if they are suspended for more than 10 days?
Honig v. Doe
Noam Chomsky is known for what psychological idea?
Humans have a predisposition to acquire language
The field of psychology has grown increasingly more scientific since its origins over 100 years ago. Psychometric testing, which scientifically measures human traits, has helped to establish psychology as a legitimate discipline. Despite its roots in science, psychology is not without controversy. A famous psychological researcher, known for his work in behavioral genetics, was criticized for his assertion that intelligence has a strong genetic basis. Who was this famous psychological expert? A. Raymond Cattell B. Charles Spearman C. David Wechsler D. Arthur Jensen
D. Arthur Jensen
Which of the following choices are not typically associated with schoolwide zero-tolerance policies? A. Racial disproportionality B. An increasing incidence of suspensions and expulsions C. Elevated dropout rates D. Behavioral management
D. Behavioral management
Multilevel modeling (MLM) is an important method to know because it may offer an alternative to analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. What choice best defines MLM? A. MLM is a statistical model of parameters that vary at more than one level B. MLM is a statistical method that controls biases at all levels of analysis C. MLM is a technique that controls biases in the dependent variable D. MLM is a method that analyzes covariances between variables
A. MLM is a statistical model of parameters that vary at more than one level
An important role of school psychologists is to implement antibullying programs in schools. During a schoolwide training, the school psychologist tells staff that bullying is conceptualized as a type of which of the following? A. Relationship aggression that is characterized by an imbalance of power B. Physical violence C. Short-term harassment to attain a social goal D. Long-term harassment to attain a social goal
A. Relationship aggression that is characterized by an imbalance of power
A teacher who typically gives students large projects and assignments asks the school psychologist for help with two struggling students. The students are well behaved and do well in other classes, but they have difficulty com- pleting work in her class. The psychologist's observation and recommenda- tion should include which of the following? A. A task analysis to recommend where to break larger tasks into smaller steps B. A time interval observation and recommendation to the school's Multi- Tiered System of Support (MTSS) process C. The psychologist should review academic records first, and then consult with the teacher D. A narrative observation and recommendation to the school's response to intervention (RTI) process
A. A task analysis to recommend where to break larger tasks into smaller steps
Student learning develops as targeted skills progress through phases. Which of the following processes is an accurate depiction of student learning? A. Acquisition → proficiency → generalization → adaptation B. Acquisition → practice → generalization → adaptation C. Acquisition → proficiency → application → adaptation D. Practice → proficiency → generalization → adaptation
A. Acquisition → proficiency → generalization → adaptation
Although the roots of school psychology date back to the late 1800s, the first school psychologist was officially recognized in 1915. Pioneers in school psychology developed and used assessments to evaluate development in children. Of the options provided, who is considered the first school psychologist? A. Arnold Gesell B. B. F. Skinner C. Carl Young D. Charles Spearman
A. Arnold Gesell
In this example, you decide to call a meeting for all relevant parties such as the teacher, parents, and administrator. This type of special consultation is called a: A. Conjoint behavioral consultation B. Client- centered consultation C. Consultee- centered consultation D. Multisystemic consultation
A. Conjoint behavioral consultation
When engaged in a professional consultation situation, which of the following personality traits are important elements for success? A. Empathy and trustworthiness B. Expertise and knowledge C. Knowledgeable and professional D. Efficient and respectful
A. Empathy and trustworthiness
Interviewing is an important means to collect informal data. Which interview technique has a high degree of validity and allows for additional questioning? A. Semi- structured interview B. Structured interview C. Flexible interview D. Standardized interview
A. Semi-Structured Interview
School psychologists are increasingly asked to support students with several different types of difficulties, especially mild brain injuries (e.g., concussions). If a student sustains a hit to the back of the head, what diffi- culties should you expect and how should you support the student within the school environment? A. The student will most likely have visual difficulties and light sensitiv- ity. The school psychologist should allow for frequent rest breaks and allow the student to wear sunglasses at school B. The student will most likely have headaches. The school psychologist should allow the student to stay at home until the student's headaches have fully resolved C. The student will most likely have cognitive fatigue and short- term memory problems. The school psychologist should allow for frequent breaks in the health room and a late school start as needed D. The student will most likely have difficulty focusing and experience headaches. The school psychologist should collaborate with parents to create a support plan for the student
A. The student will most likely have visual difficulties and light sensitivity. The school psychologist should allow for frequent rest breaks and allow the student to wear sunglasses at school
Landon is a seventh- grade student suspected of having mild autism. When shown pictures of people engaging in various social interactions, you ask him how each person in the picture feels. Landon has difficulty with this task and provides atypical responses. This informal task provides information related to which one of the following choices? A. Theory of the Mind B. Perspective taking C. Theory of Subjectivity D. Social skills deficit
A. Theory of the Mind
What is the recommended guideline when collecting baseline response to intervention (RTI) data? A. There should be no new highs (spikes) or lows for three consecutive data points B. You should collect student baseline data for at least 2 weeks C. 85% of your baseline data should be at least 15% below the class average D. 15% of your baseline data should be at least 85% below the class average
A. There should be no new highs (spikes) or lows for three consecutive data points
You are counseling a regular education high school student who has been caught using his brother's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication. The parent believes her son is distraught because he was denied admission to a selective college that he wanted to attend. When you meet with the student, you tell the student that he has control of how he chooses to respond to the situation. Which counseling theorist empha- sizes that people can choose how to respond to difficult situations? A. Viktor Frankl B. Sigmund Freud C. Carl Rogers D. Abraham Maslow
A. Viktor Frankl
In the situation provided, the Behavior Assessment System for Children- III (BASC- III) Teacher and Parent Forms show significant score variability. The Teacher Form reveals a T- score of 66, while the Parent Form illustrates a T- 78. How would you interpret these results? A. While both forms show significant score differences, both sets of scores suggest the student has indications of a substantial attention problem B. Due to the significant score discrepancy, best practice is not to inter- pret the BASC results and put more emphasis on other measures to make a professional impression about attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) C. Both sets of scores, while discrepant, are still within the normal (aver- age) range and do not indicate clinical concerns D. The teacher form does not indicate high- level attention concerns, but the parent shows substantial concerns
A. While both forms show significant score differences, both sets of scores suggest the student has indications of a substantial attention problem
A district- level school psychologist is asked to lead a threat assessment on a high school student. The student was caught at school with pepper spray and a list of students targeted for revenge. The threat assessment team was thorough during the inquiry and confidential student information was shared with the administration and law enforcement. Parents were not present during the student of concern interview. Because a violent incident was averted and strict disciplinary action was taken against the student of concern, the parents of the targeted students were not notified. What potential legal violation is involved in this situation? A. Since law enforcement was given confidential student information, Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) may have been violated B. A duty- to- warn infraction occurred C. Informed consent by the parents was not secured before the threat assessment D. A psychologist cannot conduct a threat assessment on a student with- out the student's parents or legal representation present
B. A duty- to- warn infraction occurred
In crisis situations, there are several ways that students cope with stress and trauma. According to the Belief, Affect, Social, Imagination, Cognitive, and Physiological (BASIC- Ph) model of coping, which of the following is not a coping style? A. Belief B. Avoidance C. Social D. Imagination
B. Avoidance
Who is the theorist largely responsible for studying aggression in children and conducting experiments using a "Bobo" doll?
Albert Bandura
You are training school staff on the topic of school violence. A staff member asks about the role of violent television shows and video games. Your response to the question is that you believe children can learn aggressive behaviors by watching violent movies or by observing the actions of others. Your comments are based on research conducted by which psychological researcher?
Albert Bandura
Which brain structure is usually associated with emotions?
Amygdala
Pioneers in school psychology developed and used assessments to evaluate development in children. Who is considered the first school psychologist?
Arnold Gesell
A famous psychological researcher, known for his work in behavioral genetics, was criticized for his assertion that intelligence has a strong genetic basis. Who was this famous psychological expert?
Arthur Jensen
Case example for questions 26 to 28: Bullying and harassment are major problems in schools. As a psychologist, you are asked to help mitigate bullying in your school. One of the first steps you take to address bullying issues in your school is to educate your staff. When you present to staff, you state that research indicates what percentage of students have reported being bullied? A. 50% to 60% B. 20% to 30% C. 80% to 90% D. 10% to 25%
B. 20% to 30%
From a historical perspective, which is a new role for schools? A. Reading interventionist for response to intervention (RTI) programs B. Brain injury resource specialist for school districts C. Threat assessment team leaders for schools and law enforcement D. Autism evaluation specialist
B. Brain injury resource specialist for school districts
What is the primary difference between a curriculum- based assessment (CBA) and a curriculum- based measurement (CBM)? A. CBM is a term used to describe a specific type of measurement used for reading intervention programs in a response to intervention (RTI) process B. CBA is a term used to describe a broad assessment program or process, which may include CBMs or structured observations C. A CBM is an assessment designed to measure the effectiveness of class- wide intervention programs D. A CBA is designed to measure a student's progress in a remedial program
B. CBA is a term used to describe a broad assessment program or process, which may include CBMs or structured observations
Which academic practice/ method is most closely aligned with Vygotsky's cooperative learning theory? A. Tell- Show- Do- Practice- Generalize (TSDPG) B. Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT) C. Peer- to- peer instruction (PTPI) D. Systematic and direct instruction
B. Classwide Peer Tutoring (CWPT)
As a school psychologist, you have knowledge of basic psychopharmacol- ogy and brain chemicals. Which of the following brain chemicals is thought to be implicated in producing positive moods and emotions, especially those associated with rewards? Parkinson's disease and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are also associated with an imbalance of this neurochemical. A. Serotonin B. Dopamine C. Endorphins D. Cortisol
B. Dopamine
Deb was referred to your special education team for a full evaluation. The referral centered on Deb's below- average performance in reading and her lack of an age- expected response to reading interventions. While reviewing academic records and Deb's performance on the Woodcock- Johnson Test of Achievement, you notice that Deb struggles with quantitative concepts as well as reading. Due to your findings, it would be appropriate to screen Deb for which specific disorder? A. Dyslexia B. Dyscalculia C. Math disability D. Learning disability
B. Dyscalculia
Cognitive- psychology researchers use the term "executive function" to describe a constellation of behaviors or functions necessary for success. School neuropsychologists are most likely to describe the same executive functions, such as initiation, impulse control, organization, and attention, by using which of the following terms? A. Neurocognitive function B. Frontal lobe function C. Global neurocognitive function D. Temporal lobe function
B. Frontal lobe function
Students who have an external- locus- of- control perspective typically have difficulty in school and in life. An external locus of control is most closely aligned with which of the following? A. Display of helplessness B. Learned helplessness C. Low self- esteem D. Depression
B. Learned helplessness
During a special education evaluation, school psychologists are required to use which of the following items? A. Valid and reliable test data B. Multiple informal and formal sources of information C. Standardized and nonstandardized tests D. Response to intervention (RTI) and standardized data
B. Multiple informal and formal sources of information
What is the primary difference between punishment and negative reinforcement? A. Punishment increases a desired behavior by decreasing undesired behavior, whereas negative reinforcement does not B. Negative reinforcement increases behavior, whereas punishment decreases behavior C. Negative reinforcement decreases desired behavior, whereas punish- ment decreases undesired behavior D. Punishment and negative reinforcement are functionally the same terms
B. Negative reinforcement increases behavior, whereas punishment decreases behavior
Effective anti-bullying programs include all of the following except : A. Widespread staff supervision of students B. Programs to address bystander beliefs and behavior C. Strict consequences for bullying behavior and zero-tolerance policies D. Systems to build social skills and to address social skill deficits
B. Programs to address bystander beliefs and behavior
You are counseling a second- grade student who is significantly concerned about her father's recent unemployment. From Abraham Maslow's perspec- tive, you could say this student is coping with the aspects found at which level? A. Love and belonging B. Safety needs C. Self- actualization D. Primary needs
B. Safety needs
A second- grade teacher asks you to help with a student named Amy. Amy needs to develop her reading skills. The teacher stated that Amy is a fluent reader, but her comprehension is below her peers. Which comprehension reading strategy would you recommend? A. Lindamood-Bell Reading Intervention B. Survey, question, read, recite, and review (SQ3R) C. Wilson Reading Remediation Program D. Woodcock- Johnson Reading Intervention Program
B. Survey, question, read, recite, and review (SQ3R)
School psychologists typically consult with several educational specialists and must know some of the concepts and terms of other professional disciplines. In one situation, a school psychologist is told by a speech- language pathologist that a fifth- grade student frequently makes grammatical mis-takes in class. For example, during a conversation, the student said, "To car we the go." The speech- language pathologist is concerned about the student's: A. Semantics B. Syntax C. Phonological awareness D. Phonemic awareness
B. Syntax
Case example for questions 3 and 4: As a school psychologist working for a large metropolitan school district, you have an extremely busy work schedule. Every month, you receive several referrals for special education evaluations from both parents and teachers. Your latest referral involves a second- grade student, but there is limited information about the student's difficulties. The referral you received states that the young male student is well behaved; however, he is struggling academically. 3. Given the previous situation, what would be your first step to address the referral question? A. Call the parents to ascertain more information and developmental history B. Talk with the teacher, or referral source, to better define the problem C. Ask the Multi- Tiered System of Support (MTSS) specialist about the types of interventions that have been employed D. Review student records to ascertain how long the student has been struggling
B. Talk with the teacher, or referral source, to better define the problem
Suicide among school- aged children and adolescents is a significant and serious concern. According to the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), suicide in the school- aged population is: A. The first leading cause of death B. The second leading cause of death C. The third leading cause of death D. The fourth leading cause of death
B. The second leading cause of death
The pattern of change in a student's behavior across time can be best described as the A. Level B. Trend C. Variability D. Reliability
B. Trend
In which of the following situations would a school psychologist tell a teacher that the technique of "time- out" is appropriate to employ? A. When a child blurts out answers in class despite being told twice to stop B. When a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) starts to have difficulty focusing on the task at hand C. When a student with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is socializ- ing during a test D. When a student moves around the room without permission during a teacher's presentation of a new concept
B. When a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) starts to have difficulty focusing on the task at hand
When talking to parents about bell curve (e.g., normal curve) characteris- tics, two standard deviations from the mean encompasses approximately how much of a given population? A. 50% B. 68% C. 95% D. 25%
C. 95%
Which of the following is the best example of a curriculum- based measure- ment (CBM)? A. A student is given a nationally standardized test such as Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS). A standard score is derived and compared to national norms B. A student is given a math test at the beginning of a semester, then given the same test at the end of the semester. Results are compared for growth C. A student reads aloud for 2 minutes. The number of words read correctly and incorrectly are counted and compared to the class average D. A student is given a classroom reading test and the results are compared to the state's standards for proficiency
C. A student reads aloud for 2 minutes. The number of words read correctly and incorrectly are counted and compared to the class average
You are training school staff on the topic of school violence. A staff member asks you about the role of violent television shows and video games. Your response to the question is that you believe children can learn aggressive behaviors by watching violent movies or by observing the actions of others. Your comments are based on research conducted by which psychological researcher? A. Abraham Maslow B. B. F. Skinner C. Albert Bandura D. Jean Piaget
C. Albert Bandura
What is an example of an accommodation for a student who struggles with reading? A. Having the student point to pictures of answers instead of writing answers about an assigned reading text B. Having the student take a reading test that is more aligned with his or her level of reading C. Allowing extra time for the student to read a text during assignments or tests D. Allowing the student to read books at his or her level of cognitive ability
C. Allowing extra time for the student to read a text during assignments or tests
Informal and formal data are required to inform professional judgments regarding an individual student at the four response to intervention (RTI) levels. Which one of the following is not a level typically required to inform professional judgment? A. Background data collection and problem identification level B. Screening level C. Analysis and determination level D. Formal assessment level (special education evaluation)
C. Analysis and determination level
Schools generally favor behavioral techniques based on B. F. Skinner's theories. Which one of the following statements best describes Skinner's beliefs? A. Behavior is shaped by rewards B. Behavior is influenced by a person's family environment C. Behavior is shaped by consequences that follow the behavior D. Punishment is not an effective means to modify behavior
C. Behavior is shaped by consequences that follow the behavior
Case example for questions 131 and 132 : As a school psychologist, you are asked to perform a focused assessment on a student suspected of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-C). You have already formally observed the student in two classes, given a standardized broad-spectrum assessment, and interviewed the parents for developmental information. What other formal measure would you employ as part of your comprehen- sive evaluation? A. Behavior Assessment System for Children- III (BASC- III) B. Conners Rating Scales-Revised C. Conners- 3 D. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Test
C. Conners- 3
An effective high school teacher is able to respond to the individualized needs and abilities of all learners. Other staff observe this teacher to improve their practices. Which of the following important pedagogy concepts is the teacher using? A. Small-group instruction B. Individualized instruction C. Differentiated instruction D. Cooperative learning
C. Differentiated instruction
Jackie is a school psychologist who has been practicing for 3 years. She shares a job with another psychologist named Mike. Jackie recently discov- ered that Mike has been giving money to other staff for referrals to his pri- vate counseling practice. Many of the students Mike counsels for a fee are regular education students at the high school. What should Jackie do in this situation? A. File a grievance with National Association of School Psychologists' (NASP) ethical board B. Inform the school's administrator C. Discuss the situation with Mike directly and file a grievance if the prac- tice does not cease D. Remind Mike that support services can be provided for free by the school
C. Discuss the situation with Mike directly and file a grievance if the practice does not cease
A teacher alerts you to a high school student who has made suicidal com- ments during a class assignment. You meet with the student and decide a full suicide assessment is prudent. Given this situation, it is critical to do which of the following? A. Secure parent permission immediately and start a student interview B. Inform your school administrator that you are engaged in a priority assessment C. Do not leave the student unsupervised during the process D. Immediately notify the parent(s) and conduct a suicide assessment with a mental health team member
C. Do not leave the student unsupervised during the process
A psychologist is asked to collaborate and consult on a student with behavioral problems in the classroom. What are the basic steps of the Behavioral Model of consultation? A. Consult with stakeholders— create a plan— implement the plan— evalu- ate the plan B. Consult with stakeholders— create a plan— implement the plan— moni- tor the plan C. Identify the problem— implement a plan— monitor the plan— evaluate the plan D. Identify the problem— consult with stakeholders— implement a plan— evaluate the plan
C. Identify the problem— implement a plan— monitor the plan— evaluate the plan
As a school psychologist, you provide evaluations for gifted and talented students. As you interview a gifted high school student, you find the stu- dent is highly opinionated and wants to follow a defined occupational path as a criminal lawyer. According to Erik Erikson, this student is navigating which stage of development? A. Adolescent versus preadolescent stage B. Initiative versus shame and guilt C. Identity versus role confusion D. Industry versus inferiority
C. Identity versus role confusion
In the previous scenario, you carefully craft an intervention plan that is based on your functional behavioral assessment (FBA) results. Your data suggest that Sally is socially motivated and she enjoys socializing with the friends she sits by during class. Which of the following intervention strategies is endorsed as an effective first strategy to use? A. Implement an individually tailored response cost plan B. Employ a behaviorally based point and level system C. Modify the immediate environment to promote on- task behavior D. Provide immediate corrective feedback for off- task behavior
C. Modify the immediate environment to promote on- task behavior
Before administering a new psychological assessment, it is reasonable for a school psychologist to do which of the following? A. Complete a formal training course on the new test B. Give the new test to students but report the scores as informal meas- ures until proficiency is achieved C. Practice with the new test and be supervised by a colleague familiar with the test until proficient D. Watch a training video and practice with the new test until proficient
C. Practice with the new test and be supervised by a colleague familiar with the test until proficient
In the previous scenario, which stage of Kolhberg's moral development is Cameron most likely situated? A. Preadolescent B. Conventional C. Preconventional D. Adolescent
C. Preconventional
A teacher tells her class that they can have 10 minutes of free computer time to play recreational games if they complete their short math assignment first. What behavioral principle is this teacher employing to motivate her students? A. Positive reinforcement B. Skinner's Principle C. Premack Principle D. Contingency reward
C. Premack Principle
A student is caught harassing a group of students in a younger grade. You, as a school psychologist, are asked to intervene. What is an effective approach to this situation? A. It is best to start individual counseling, but maintain student confidentiality B. Seek parental permission and then start counseling C. Recommend a restorative practice approach to the parents and administration D. Recommend group interventions, such as group counseling
C. Recommend a restorative practice approach to the parents and administration
What type of behavioral intervention would you recommend for a student with a phobia involving insects? A. Flooding B. Cognitive behavioral therapy C. Systematic desensitization D. Functional behavioral analysis and intervention
C. Systematic desensitization
Colette, a third- grade student, has a documented history of reading prob- lems. Colette's family is supportive of her learning, but they struggle finan- cially and had to move twice in the past 2 years. The parents and teachers are worried that Colette will fall further behind in her reading development. In a consultation situation, what should the school psychologist recommend? A. The psychologist should recommend a special education evaluation based on the Child Find law B. The psychologist should recommend an after- school tutoring program and connect the family with community support services C. The psychologist should make a formal recommendation to the school's Multi- Tiered System of Support (MTSS) process D. The psychologist should consult with the student's team and parents, then formulate a support plan
C. The psychologist should make a formal recommendation to the school's Multi- Tiered System of Support (MTSS) process
Although token economies are effective systems to use in behavioral modi- fication programs, what is a complaint often stated by teachers regarding these methods? A. Token economies need relevant reinforcers to work effectively B. Token economies are generally effective for younger elementary stu- dents, not older students C. Token economies are sometimes cumbersome to implement and maintain D. Token economies do not maintain the target behavior once withdrawn
C. Token economies are sometimes cumbersome to implement and maintain
According to the Virginia Model of Threat Assessment , what are the three qualitative identification levels for threats? A. Low, medium, and high B. Nonsignificant, significant, and imminent C. Transient, substantive, and imminent D. Low, medium, and significant
C. Transient, substantive, and imminent
A school psychologist is asked to test a female student suspected of having a learning disability. The female student only speaks a few words of English, but she is fluent in Spanish. When the psychologist conducts an assessment, it is prudent to do which of the following? A. When using an interpreter, the interpreter should be certified by the National Association of Interpreters (NAI) and speak both languages proficiently B. If a cognitive test battery is employed, only use tests that are normed on a Spanish normative group C. Use informal measures as well as appropriately normed standardized assessments D. Place an emphasis on parent interviews, teacher data, and developmen- tal history
C. Use informal measures as well as appropriately normed standardized assessments
Which of the following behavioral reinforcement schedules has shown to be effective, but it is difficult to modify the behavior once established using this technique? A. Fixed- ratio reinforcement B. Mixed- ratio reinforcement C. Variable- ratio reinforcement D. Fixed- interval reinforcement
C. Variable- ratio reinforcement
Several years ago, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) used to have a preva- lence rate of approximately 1 in every 2,500 people. Current research indi- cates the prevalence rate for ASD has dramatically increased to which of the following levels? A. 1 in every 186 people B. 1 in every 55 people C. 1 in every 1,000 people D. 1 in every 88 people
D. 1 in every 88 people
During a confidential counseling situation, a high school student informs you that his uncle uses illegal drugs. The uncle does not live with the stu- dent, but visits the student monthly. What should you do as the school's psychologist? A. You should ask the student more questions to determine whether the student is in danger B. You should notify law enforcement C. You should consult with social services, without using names, to secure guidance about what you should do and to stay in compliance with local laws D. You are not required to do anything since there is no immediate danger. It is best practice to call the parents, with student approval, and discuss the situation openly
C. You should consult with social services, without using names, to secure guidance about what you should do and to stay in compliance with local laws
A school district is mandated to formally identify children of all ages with suspected disabilities. According to educational law, this previous statement is known as:
Child Find
Case example for questions 43 to 46: You are evaluating a sixth- grade male student, named Cameron, for special education services. As part of your comprehensive assessment, you administer a full cognitive test battery (e.g., Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition [WISC- V]) and various social-emotional measures. The preliminary results are as follows: The full- scale standard score on Cameron's cognitive test battery is 113 (SS- 113). All major cognitive domains (indexes) were found to be within two standard points of each other. The Behavior Assessment System for Children- III (BASC- III) indicates that both the teacher and parent forms have T- scores above 65 within the Attention domain. Your semi- structured student interview reveals that Cameron follows the rules of the school, but he appears to follow these rules only to avoid punishment or gain rewards. Given the previous scenario, what preliminary statement can you make about Cameron's overall cognitive ability? A. Cameron's standardized test score suggests that he might be gifted, but further information is needed to confirm this initial finding B. Cameron's cognitive ability is considered well within the avera
D. Cameron's cognitive abilities are situated within the high-average to above-average range
A child who has significant neurological impairments in the right hemi- sphere of the brain due to a stroke would most likely have which of the following learning problems? A. Difficulty with memory for previously learned skills B. Phonological processing problems C. Reading and spelling difficulties D. Difficulty with novel problem solving
D. Difficulty with novel problem solving
A student was in a car accident and sustained substantial damage to the left temporal lobe, especially to the Broca's area. Given this information, it is reasonable to assume that the student may have difficulty with which of the following cognitive abilities? A. Spatial reasoning B. Receptive language C. Auditory long- term memory D. Expressive language
D. Expressive language
All of the following are common barriers to effective consultation except : A. Adversarial relationship with outside agencies B. Communication difficulties among parties involved in the consultation situation C. Unclear or unfocused goals D. Financial and time considerations
D. Financial and time considerations
Which critical law or case law states that special education students must have a manifestation hearing to review placement if they are suspended for more than 10 days? A. Buckley Amendment to the Family Education Act B. Lau v. Nichols C. Larry P v. Riles D. Honig v. Doe
D. Honig v. Doe
What is the current National Association of School Psychologists' (NASP) opinion regarding no- harm or no- suicide contracts with students who may be suicidal? A. Having students sign a no- harm contract raises the student's aware- ness that others are willing to provide support and has shown moder- ate effectiveness in practice B. No- harm contracts have moderate effectiveness, but should be used with caution and a part of a comprehensive support plan C. No- harm contracts have little utility, but may be used with high school- aged students D. No- harm contracts have shown little effectiveness and are not gener- ally recommended
D. No- harm contracts have shown little effectiveness and are not gener- ally recommended
When a formal ethical complaint is filed against a National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) member, the NASP can take several potential actions. Which one of the following actions is not valid? A. Expel the member from the NASP B. Recommend to the member to seek additional training and skill building C. Require the member to provide a formal apology D. Revoke the license of the practitioner
D. Revoke the license of the practitioner
According to the law, what is the primary difference between special educa- tion law (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA]) and Section 504? A. Functionally, there is no difference as both laws regulate services for students with disabilities B. Section 504 is for students who have physical disabilities, not learning disabilities C. Section 504 is for students who have handicaps diagnosed by medical professionals D. Section 504 is a part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that prohibits dis- crimination based on disability
D. Section 504 is a part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 that prohibits dis- crimination based on disability
You are asked to evaluate a new cognitive abilities screening test for your school. In the technical manual, you notice the full- scale standard score of the new test has a statistical correlation of 0.68 with another well- respected cognitive test. Given these details, you can make which of the following assumptions? A. The new test has acceptable reliability B. The new test has unacceptable reliability C. The new test shows a moderate effect size D. The new test shows moderate convergent validity
D. The new test shows moderate convergent validity
Case example for questions 38 and 39: You are a school psychologist practicing in an affluent public school district. You are notified by the district's crisis team that an unfortunate situation has occurred. A seventh- grade student died from a self- inflicted injury late at night. The next morning, you are called to assist the crisis team at the student's school. The administration has already been notified of the situation and they are awaiting support from the district crisis team. In the situation just described, your initial and primary concern is which of the following? A. Your attention should be to support and provide resources for the student's family B. It is critical to locate the student's friends within the school and provide them support C. You must debrief all staff about the situation before school starts D. You must discuss and plan for contagion effects with school staff
D. You must discuss and plan for contagion effects with school staff
As a school psychologist, you must discuss with parents a wide vari- ety of behavioral and emotional disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ( DSM ). In one particular case, you have evaluated a student who has significant attention problems. Both formal and infor- mal measures have indicated that the student you evaluated has diffi- culty sustaining his concentration and has been observed to fidget across multiple domains. During the parent meeting, you mention to the par- ents that their son has characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The parents want to know the research on ADHD. Which of the following choices is an appropriate research- based state- ment about ADHD? A. You state that ADHD is diagnosed in approximately 15% of a school's population B. You respond by saying ADHD is overdiagnosed, but the parents could benefit from a consultation with their pediatrician C. You state that school psychologists do not diagnose ADHD, but rather school psychologists identify students with attention difficulties D. You state that ADHD is diagnosed more in males than in females
D. You state that ADHD is diagnosed more in males than in females
A child who has significant neurological impairments in the right hemisphere of the brain due to a stroke would most likely have which learning problem?
Difficulty with novel problem solving
A student sustained substantial damage to the left temporal lobe, especially to the Broca's area. Given this information, it is reasonable to assume that the student may have difficulty with which cognitive abilitiy?
Expressive language
School neuropsychologists are most likely to describe the same executive functions, such as initiation, impulse control, organization, and attention, by using which term?
Frontal lobe function
Which law requires school districts to identify students with potential disabilities?
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Who is widely assumed to be the father of school psychology?
Lightner Witmer
What Legal case is most closely aligned to least restrictive environment (LRE)?
Oberti Vs. Cementon
A teacher tells her class that they can have 10 minutes of free computer time to play recreational games if they complete their short math assignment first. What behavioral principle is this teacher employing to motivate her students?
Premack Principal
Which medication is commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Prozac
Typically, block design subtests on major cognitive assessments primarily evaluate the functioning of which part of the brain?
Right hemisphere of the brain
According to the information processing model, incoming information is encoded into what first?
Short-Term Memory
Parental complaints regarding Section 504 should be directed to which authority?
The Office for Civil Rights (OCR)
What is considered the first intelligence test made for children?
The Stanford-Binet test
Individuals have control of how they choose to respond to a situation. Which counseling theorist emphasizes that people can choose how to respond to difficult situations?
Viktor Frankl
