Epistemology 1 & 2

Theoretical Perspective questions

"What theory and I embracing that will guide this research?"

Post-pior

After an experience

The Enlightenment - Age of Reason

Autonomy of reason; rationality, scientific method, mass education, common sense, perfectibility and progress, confidence in the ability to discover causality, disgust with nationalism

BCE

Before Common Era

Positivism overview

Began in the enlgithenment or age of reason, positive, i the sense, belief in inevitable progress, moved to question the absolutenss of positivistic claims

Positivism

Cause and effect always part o.....

CE

Common Era

Descarte

Considered founder of modernity and rationality. "I think therefore I am" - positivist that humans can "think" regardless of place or material things. A duality. Mind and body separation

Positivism

Hypothesis - Go to see if its true or not - Scientific Method

Modernity in General

Industrialization, modernization, technological, humanistic, autonomous individual that is self-reliant and in control, science-control and manipulation of nature, faith in reason/rationality

Knowledge equals...

Justified plus truth plus belief

Axiology

Not an individuals values; Community of positivist values or interpretivst community values

Paradigm

Question and study must be from the same...

Axiology

The branch of philosophy that addresses the nature of value and what types of the things have value. "What is beautiful and ugly" What is right and wrong"

Research

The collection of information about a particular subject.

Interpretivism

The different ways people view the world shape the ways they research the world. Came about as a way to research people, look for culturally derived and historically situated interpretations of the social world, meaning is constructed, contextual, many truths

Theoretical perspective

The philosophical stance informing the methodology and thus providing a content for the process and grounding its logic and criteria. (Crotty)

Methodolgoy

The strategy, plan of action, process or design lying behind the choice and use of particular methods and linking the choice and use of methods to the desired outcomes (Crotty)

Epistemology

The study of nature of knowledge and justification. "What are the defining features of knowledge? "What are the substantive conditions of sources of knowledge?" "What is it possibly to know?"

Ontology

The study of reality, of being, of the real nature of whatever is; concerned with understanding the kids of things that constitute the world (Schwandt)

Methods

The techniques or procedures used to gather analyze data related to some research question or hypothesis (crotty)

Positivisim

There are things that really do exist - The table exists whether or not you hear. Regardless of human interaction its there.

Interpretivism

There is an item and we interpret it as a table and use it as and interact with it as a table (Country with no table - no table definition)

Methods question

What techniques or procedures should I used to get at knowledge?

Paradigm

a world view where things either fit in to the box or they dont fit into the box

Methodology of Interpretivsim

ethnography, phenomenological research, grounded theory, action research, discourse analysis, narrative analysis, etc.

Use of inanimate instruments

help to maintain objectivity such as scales,

Paradigm defines and is defined by...

it's ontology, epistemology, axiology, and methodology

Post-Positivism difference to Positivism

looking for one truth vs. looking for probability of truth - 90% true

Aprior

notion that before you have an experience it's innately there

Methods of Interpretivism

purposive sampling, observation, interview, focus group, case study, life study, life history, narrative, etc.

Methodology of positivism is

scientific method

Social Sciences

studies of the human aspects of the world. (Example - Sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics, etc.)

Epistemology

study of knowledge

ethnography

the branch of anthropology that provides scientific description of individual human societies

anthropology

the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings