ES Test

For sources from a test to have good content validity, which of the following statement must be true

1. The test adequately samples what was covered in the course. 2. The percentage of points for each topic area reflects the amount of emphasis given that topic

What two things can statistics do

establish significance and asses the magnitude of the effect

A chi0square analysis compares the responses to a question a recreational preferences of males and females at three grade levels. The resulting two-way classification is called

Contingency table

A variable that is a mediator is one that

Explains the effects of variable X on variable Y

Data such as sex, city of residence, or political party affiliation are what kind of measure?

Nominal

Power is defined as the probability of

Rejecting a false null hypothesis

Which hypothesis is stated in the null form

There is no difference between the vocabulary scores of average- and high-ability students.

Of the follwoing, which is a nonparametric statistical test?

contingency coefficient

In discrimminant function analysis, one is able to predict

membership in one od the three or more groups

A statistical techinque that tests for significant differences between observed and expected frequencies of occurence is

Chi-square

What is the correct df (degrees of freedom) for a correlation between socioeconomic status and physical activity

1

A researcher whishes to know weather there is a significant difference in the number of knee injuries reported amoung four sports. How many degrees of freedom are there for this chi-square analysis

3

The researcher obtained a significanct F from the ANOVA. PArtial n^2 was found to be .30. This is interpreted to mean that

30% of the total variance is accounted for by the treatments

A researcher finds the correlation of .70 between popularity ratings and self-concept scores. What % of common association can be inferred between the two variables?

49%

What is the median score for (3, 11, 8, 13, 5, 3, 6)

6

In logistic regression, one is able to predict

A binary outcome variable

Variables that show a relationship with one another may be statistically correlated. Reffering to figure 6.1 in the text, what might you expect in terms of the correlation

A positive linear lineup

If a researcher does not use random sampling, but then makes comparisons on potentially important variables between the sample and some larger group that it is supposed to represent, this is called

A post hoc justification ( do not use random sampling)

A null hypothesis

A statistical hypothesis that assumes that there is no difference among the effect of treatments

A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises were more effective in building endurance. One group used ecercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of stidy, the researcher should compare the two groups scores with

An independent sample t test

Which of the follwing is an example of sowball sampling

Asking college athletes to recruit their teammates

Comparing test items with the course objectivbes (course topics) checks which type of validity?

Content

The significance of L dtermined when testing for differences between groups for ranked data is determined using the __ table

Critical value of Chi-square

Data from professional golfers support that the correlation between driving distance and driving accuracy is -0.60, p<.001. This means that

Golfers who drive a longer distance are likely to be less accurate with 36% of the variance explained. (R^2 is the %. Ex: -0.60^2)

What is standard deviation important in terms of considering the sample

Id standar deviation is small then the mean is likely to be good represenative score for the sample

In multiple regression, one is able to predict

In multiple regression, one is able to predict

A pearson's correlation of .00 between two variables indicates

Independent (no association) between the variables

A teacher wishes to determine the reliabilty of three trials on a performance test. He uses ANOVA to obtain the reliablity coefficient. The technique is called

Intraclass correlation

The property of the distribution of scores that relates to how peaked or flat the curve is called

Kurtosis

If there is a correlation of .80 between a test if scholastic aptitude and performance on an achievement test, one can infer that

No causation can be inferred

In multiple regression, one is able to predict

One criterion from two or more predictors

Discriminant analysis differs from simple ANOVA such that discrimminant analysis has

One independent variable and two or more dependent variables

A statistical test that provides info about the relationship between two continuous variable is

Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation

To determine whether data are normally distributed, one can test to see whether the curve ID

Skewness

When an experimenter states that the levelof significance is at the .05 vlvl, he or she is setting the propability of commiting which types of error

Type 1 error

The null hypothesis is false one may assume the reasearch hypothesis is the eplanation for the results if

all other possible explanations have been controllled

All statistical tests are based upon the same general comparison, which is

between true variance and error variance

The single score that represents all the scores is distribution is the definition of

central tendency

Which of the following is a techinque for peoviding information about the reliabilty of an intrument

coefficient alpha

Which of the following is a technique for providing information about the reliability of an instrument

coefficient alpha

The author of a test of anxiety proceeds on the premise based on the literature, that the perfomance of people woth high anxiety suffers when thet are under stress. In an expirement, the author finds that people scored as highly anxious on the test performed more prroly on a stressful task. The author maintained that this finding was evidence of what kind of validity?

construct

Prediction studies use which of the following as the basic analysis technique

correlation

A study that has one independent variable with three lvls and three dependent varibales should be analyzed by

discrimminant anlysis

A measure that expresses the difference between the expiremental and control froup in standard deviation units is the

effect size

A researcher decides to use an alpha of .01 and a power of .80. to determine the needed sample size the resaerche must also ascertain the expected

effect size

In which of the following circumstances would you be likely to set alpha = .01 instead of alpha = .05

if you were testing a drug that had the potential to save lives but also had serious side effects

If two measures have a high positive correlation, and a person has a low score on one measure, her score on the other measure is mist likely to be

low

Chi-square is appropriate for which one of the folllowing types of data?

observed frequencies

To calculate L for a correlation of two sets of ranked scores, the degrees of freedom (N-1) are multiples by

r squared

If a thermometer measured the temp. in an oven as 400 degrees , five days in a row when the temp. was actually 337, this measuring intrument would be considered

reliable but not valid

The types of scale that uses tow adjectives, such as worthless and valuable is a

semantic differential scale

Which option is a common test statistic

t

Whne the purpose of the research is to determine the effects of one independent variable (e.g foir groups) on one dependent variable (e.g. self concept), the best choice of a statistical analysis is

Analysis of variance

term that describes the position(right to left; or postive to negative) of the hump in the curve of a distrubution is

Skewness

Four skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis class. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A, r = .27; test B, r = -.90; test C, r = -.40; test D, r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is

-.90

The variable that is a moderator is one that

Influences the strength of the effect of variable X on variable Y

Which one of the following statements does not describe an advanteage of repeated measures

Repeated measure can eliminate the influence of some unwanted variable

A researcher finds a small difference in average test scores between a large sample (over 700) of expiremental participants and a large sample (same size) of control participants, it is likely that the difference is

Statictically significant but does not have a high degree of meaningfulness

After a population of 1,00 high school senior sis divided by sex and size of school attendance, the random selection of a sample to represent these proportions of the population is called

Stratified random sampling

Randomly assigning participants to a group allows you to assume

That the groups are equivalent on their average scores for the dependent variable at the beginning of the experiment

What does finding a significance difference mean

That yoir findings atre reliable

An inportant propability concept is relative frequency. relative frequency id

The idea that a normal coin may land on heads 40 times out of 100

A confidence interval (CI) tells us how confident we can be that

The mean for a population lies within a range of scores

What determines if the findings from a sample can be generalized to a population

The sampling technique that was used

If the researcher fails to reject the null hbypothesis when there really is a difference, this is an example of a

type II error