ES Test
For sources from a test to have good content validity, which of the following statement must be true
1. The test adequately samples what was covered in the course. 2. The percentage of points for each topic area reflects the amount of emphasis given that topic
What two things can statistics do
establish significance and asses the magnitude of the effect
A chi0square analysis compares the responses to a question a recreational preferences of males and females at three grade levels. The resulting two-way classification is called
Contingency table
A variable that is a mediator is one that
Explains the effects of variable X on variable Y
Data such as sex, city of residence, or political party affiliation are what kind of measure?
Nominal
Power is defined as the probability of
Rejecting a false null hypothesis
Which hypothesis is stated in the null form
There is no difference between the vocabulary scores of average- and high-ability students.
Of the follwoing, which is a nonparametric statistical test?
contingency coefficient
In discrimminant function analysis, one is able to predict
membership in one od the three or more groups
A statistical techinque that tests for significant differences between observed and expected frequencies of occurence is
Chi-square
What is the correct df (degrees of freedom) for a correlation between socioeconomic status and physical activity
1
A researcher whishes to know weather there is a significant difference in the number of knee injuries reported amoung four sports. How many degrees of freedom are there for this chi-square analysis
3
The researcher obtained a significanct F from the ANOVA. PArtial n^2 was found to be .30. This is interpreted to mean that
30% of the total variance is accounted for by the treatments
A researcher finds the correlation of .70 between popularity ratings and self-concept scores. What % of common association can be inferred between the two variables?
49%
What is the median score for (3, 11, 8, 13, 5, 3, 6)
6
In logistic regression, one is able to predict
A binary outcome variable
Variables that show a relationship with one another may be statistically correlated. Reffering to figure 6.1 in the text, what might you expect in terms of the correlation
A positive linear lineup
If a researcher does not use random sampling, but then makes comparisons on potentially important variables between the sample and some larger group that it is supposed to represent, this is called
A post hoc justification ( do not use random sampling)
A null hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis that assumes that there is no difference among the effect of treatments
A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises were more effective in building endurance. One group used ecercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of stidy, the researcher should compare the two groups scores with
An independent sample t test
Which of the follwing is an example of sowball sampling
Asking college athletes to recruit their teammates
Comparing test items with the course objectivbes (course topics) checks which type of validity?
Content
The significance of L dtermined when testing for differences between groups for ranked data is determined using the __ table
Critical value of Chi-square
Data from professional golfers support that the correlation between driving distance and driving accuracy is -0.60, p<.001. This means that
Golfers who drive a longer distance are likely to be less accurate with 36% of the variance explained. (R^2 is the %. Ex: -0.60^2)
What is standard deviation important in terms of considering the sample
Id standar deviation is small then the mean is likely to be good represenative score for the sample
In multiple regression, one is able to predict
In multiple regression, one is able to predict
A pearson's correlation of .00 between two variables indicates
Independent (no association) between the variables
A teacher wishes to determine the reliabilty of three trials on a performance test. He uses ANOVA to obtain the reliablity coefficient. The technique is called
Intraclass correlation
The property of the distribution of scores that relates to how peaked or flat the curve is called
Kurtosis
If there is a correlation of .80 between a test if scholastic aptitude and performance on an achievement test, one can infer that
No causation can be inferred
In multiple regression, one is able to predict
One criterion from two or more predictors
Discriminant analysis differs from simple ANOVA such that discrimminant analysis has
One independent variable and two or more dependent variables
A statistical test that provides info about the relationship between two continuous variable is
Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation
To determine whether data are normally distributed, one can test to see whether the curve ID
Skewness
When an experimenter states that the levelof significance is at the .05 vlvl, he or she is setting the propability of commiting which types of error
Type 1 error
The null hypothesis is false one may assume the reasearch hypothesis is the eplanation for the results if
all other possible explanations have been controllled
All statistical tests are based upon the same general comparison, which is
between true variance and error variance
The single score that represents all the scores is distribution is the definition of
central tendency
Which of the following is a techinque for peoviding information about the reliabilty of an intrument
coefficient alpha
Which of the following is a technique for providing information about the reliability of an instrument
coefficient alpha
The author of a test of anxiety proceeds on the premise based on the literature, that the perfomance of people woth high anxiety suffers when thet are under stress. In an expirement, the author finds that people scored as highly anxious on the test performed more prroly on a stressful task. The author maintained that this finding was evidence of what kind of validity?
construct
Prediction studies use which of the following as the basic analysis technique
correlation
A study that has one independent variable with three lvls and three dependent varibales should be analyzed by
discrimminant anlysis
A measure that expresses the difference between the expiremental and control froup in standard deviation units is the
effect size
A researcher decides to use an alpha of .01 and a power of .80. to determine the needed sample size the resaerche must also ascertain the expected
effect size
In which of the following circumstances would you be likely to set alpha = .01 instead of alpha = .05
if you were testing a drug that had the potential to save lives but also had serious side effects
If two measures have a high positive correlation, and a person has a low score on one measure, her score on the other measure is mist likely to be
low
Chi-square is appropriate for which one of the folllowing types of data?
observed frequencies
To calculate L for a correlation of two sets of ranked scores, the degrees of freedom (N-1) are multiples by
r squared
If a thermometer measured the temp. in an oven as 400 degrees , five days in a row when the temp. was actually 337, this measuring intrument would be considered
reliable but not valid
The types of scale that uses tow adjectives, such as worthless and valuable is a
semantic differential scale
Which option is a common test statistic
t
Whne the purpose of the research is to determine the effects of one independent variable (e.g foir groups) on one dependent variable (e.g. self concept), the best choice of a statistical analysis is
Analysis of variance
term that describes the position(right to left; or postive to negative) of the hump in the curve of a distrubution is
Skewness
Four skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis class. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A, r = .27; test B, r = -.90; test C, r = -.40; test D, r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is
-.90
The variable that is a moderator is one that
Influences the strength of the effect of variable X on variable Y
Which one of the following statements does not describe an advanteage of repeated measures
Repeated measure can eliminate the influence of some unwanted variable
A researcher finds a small difference in average test scores between a large sample (over 700) of expiremental participants and a large sample (same size) of control participants, it is likely that the difference is
Statictically significant but does not have a high degree of meaningfulness
After a population of 1,00 high school senior sis divided by sex and size of school attendance, the random selection of a sample to represent these proportions of the population is called
Stratified random sampling
Randomly assigning participants to a group allows you to assume
That the groups are equivalent on their average scores for the dependent variable at the beginning of the experiment
What does finding a significance difference mean
That yoir findings atre reliable
An inportant propability concept is relative frequency. relative frequency id
The idea that a normal coin may land on heads 40 times out of 100
A confidence interval (CI) tells us how confident we can be that
The mean for a population lies within a range of scores
What determines if the findings from a sample can be generalized to a population
The sampling technique that was used
If the researcher fails to reject the null hbypothesis when there really is a difference, this is an example of a
type II error