evolution retake

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have

variations best suited to environment conditions

what is common descent

All species-living and extinct-are descended from ancient common ancestors.

When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of

artificial selection

name an organism and identify the adaptation that helps them survive

birds and their beaks

What are homologous structures?

similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor

James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work was important to Darwin because these scientists

suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occured

According to Darwin's theory of common descent there had to be a fossil that had a fin-like or an arm-like fin that was the ancestor of all four limbed animals . This type of fossil is referred to as a

transitional fossil

In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur in the shown picture to the right are

vestigial structure

Which of the following adaptations would be considered behavioral?

hunting in a pack

3 steps for natural selection

1) Struggle for existence 2) adaptation & variation 3) survival of the fittest

What is a vestigial structure?

A structure that was once used in earlier descendants but lost its use over time

what kinds of evidence did Darwin use to support his theory of Evolution?

Embryos, Geographical distribution, fossil record, homologous structures, and artificial selection

which island is Darwin most known for studying

Galapagos Islands

what is divergent evolution

Occurs as groups of the same population develop away from each other and become less and less similar.

What is convergent evolution?

Occurs when similar structures from on different species as adaptations to the same environment.

One thing I learned about evolution

The butterfly lab, it showed color variation of the butterflies in a certain environment

which pair of structures would be considered homologous?

The wing of a bat and the flipper of a whale

The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those living in vertebrates which of the following concepts?

common descent

Dolphins and sharks are two distantly related organisms that share many similar adaptations to their environment. This can be explained by

convergent evolution

which of the following would be a source of genetic variation

crossing over

The idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share common ancestor is what Darwin called

descent with modification

The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called

geographical isolation

Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of

homologous structure

The driving force behind evolution is

natural selection

within a population there are different traits present. Darwin called this

natural variation

each of the following is a conditions necessary for natural selection to occur except

population size is very large