evolution retake
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
variations best suited to environment conditions
what is common descent
All species-living and extinct-are descended from ancient common ancestors.
When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of
artificial selection
name an organism and identify the adaptation that helps them survive
birds and their beaks
What are homologous structures?
similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor
James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work was important to Darwin because these scientists
suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occured
According to Darwin's theory of common descent there had to be a fossil that had a fin-like or an arm-like fin that was the ancestor of all four limbed animals . This type of fossil is referred to as a
transitional fossil
In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur in the shown picture to the right are
vestigial structure
Which of the following adaptations would be considered behavioral?
hunting in a pack
3 steps for natural selection
1) Struggle for existence 2) adaptation & variation 3) survival of the fittest
What is a vestigial structure?
A structure that was once used in earlier descendants but lost its use over time
what kinds of evidence did Darwin use to support his theory of Evolution?
Embryos, Geographical distribution, fossil record, homologous structures, and artificial selection
which island is Darwin most known for studying
Galapagos Islands
what is divergent evolution
Occurs as groups of the same population develop away from each other and become less and less similar.
What is convergent evolution?
Occurs when similar structures from on different species as adaptations to the same environment.
One thing I learned about evolution
The butterfly lab, it showed color variation of the butterflies in a certain environment
which pair of structures would be considered homologous?
The wing of a bat and the flipper of a whale
The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those living in vertebrates which of the following concepts?
common descent
Dolphins and sharks are two distantly related organisms that share many similar adaptations to their environment. This can be explained by
convergent evolution
which of the following would be a source of genetic variation
crossing over
The idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share common ancestor is what Darwin called
descent with modification
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called
geographical isolation
Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of
homologous structure
The driving force behind evolution is
natural selection
within a population there are different traits present. Darwin called this
natural variation
each of the following is a conditions necessary for natural selection to occur except
population size is very large