EW

What is Electronic Warfare defined as

"any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy."

Frequency

- Indicates size of the RADAR, which indicates possible platform.

Pulse Width

- Indicates the range of the RADAR. Determines range resolution.

PRF

-Determines RADAR precise range.

Air Search:

3-D contact location: bearing, range and elevation. (Ex. AN/SPS-48)

Fire Control

: directs missiles towards their intended targets. (Ex. AN/SPQ-9B)

Refraction

A change in direction of a wave when passing through another medium.

Doppler Effect

A change in frequency due to the speed and relative position of a contact (ex. When the siren on an ambulance seems to change tones as it approaches, passes or moves away from you).

Electronic Protection

A passive means of protecting personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy employment of EW that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability. (EMCON, Spectrum Management)

Multiplexing

A process where multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium

Continuous Wave (CW)

A type of RADAR system where a known stable frequency is transmitted and then received from any reflecting objects. By taking advantage of the Doppler Effect, the RADAR is able to identify contacts while being immune to interference from large stationary objects and slow-moving clutter.

Some examples of RADAR functions

AI-Airborne intercept, EW-Early Warning, FC- Fire Control, MF- Multi-Function, MG-Missile Guidance, NA-Navigation, SS-Surface Search, TA- Target Acquisition

Primary function of AN/SLQ-32

ASMD

Ducting

An instance of "Super-refraction". Defined as the trapping of an RF signal between two layers of the earth's atmosphere or between an atmospheric layer and the earth. Results in greatly increased ranges.

Primary Mission

Anti-Ship Missile Defense (ASMD) - the employment of both hard-kill (HK) soft-kill (SK) systems to defeat anti-ship missile attacks. An ASMD engagement can consist of counter-targeting (CTTG) and counter missile (CM) phases.

P-3C Orion

Anti-submarine and maritime surveillance aircraft.

Propagation

Behavior of radio waves when transmitted and travelling to its intended destination.

MK 53 Decoy Launching System

Capable of deploying active RF decoys

EA-18G Growler

Carrier-based Electronic Warfare aircraft. Replaced the EA-6B Prowler. Provides airborne EA/EP.

What does AN/SLA-10B do?

Controls the SLQ-32's ability to process emissions from ownship's RADARs to increase the SLQ-32 operator's ability to quickly detect and identify contacts

Receiver

Converts RF echoes to audio/video for presentation to the operator.

Electronic Attack

Directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons used to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability. (jamming, electronic deception and decoys)

AN/SLQ-32 Comprises of the following

Display and Control Console (DCC) in the EW Module, Port antenna enclosure and signal receiving/processing/generating equipment, Starboard antenna enclosure and equipment identical to port side. Capable of transmitting Active Electronic Countermeasures (AECM) to degrade or disable hostile RADARs.

What are the Primary IO Resources

E-2C Hawkeye, P-3C Orion, EP-3E, EA-18G Growler, Global Command and Control System-Maritime (GCCS-M)

Secondary function of AN/SLA-10B

EMCON monitoring

What three components is the Electronic Warfare comprised of?

Electronic Attack, Electronic protection, Electronic Support

Secondary function of AN/SLQ-32

Electronic Support provided to other warfare areas (Surface, Air, Sub, Strike)

The five IO Core Capabilities are

Electronic Warfare (EW), Computer Network Operations (CNO), Military Deception (MILDEC), Military Information Support Operations (MISO) (Formerly called Psychological Operations (PSYOPS), Operations Security (OPSEC)

RRN configuration consists of the following launching systems

Five MK 137 MOD 10 Launchers Two tubes each, maximum capacity of 10 rounds shipwide. Two launchers on port side, three launchers on starboard side. Five MK 174 MOD 1 Processor Power supplies, One for each launcher. One MK 24 MOD 3 Decoy Launch Processor, "Brains" of the system. MK 234 NULKA Electronic Decoy Cartridge (EDC) rounds and communicates directly with SLQ-32.

Transmitter

Generates powerful pulses of electromagnetic energy at precise intervals.

Information Warfare (IW)

IO conducted during times of crisis or conflict to achieve specific objectives over a specific adversary.

Scan Rate

Indicates the range of the RADAR.

"NULKA"

Is an Aborigine word that means "to move swiftly".

Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI)

Measure of time between pulses of a signal.

Counter-targeting (CTTG)

Measures taken against potential launch platforms to deny or degrade their ability to target friendly units.

Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

Number of pulses occurring within a signal within one second.

AN/SLA-10B

Ownship Blanker

Miscellaneous functions of AN/SLQ-32

Ownship EMCON monitoring and navigation

What does AN/ULQ-16

Provides fine pulse analysis to assist in identification of signals detected by the SLQ-32, Primary system used for HULTEC, Performs limited analysis of a signal's interpulse modulation

Electronic Support

Provides information required for decisions involving EW operations and other tactical actions such as threat avoidance, targeting and homing. (interception of radiating emissions)

AN/ULQ-16

Pulse Analyzer

Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR):

RADAR functions by generating an output of electromagnetic energy which is focused into a beam and illuminates an object in space.

Antenna

Routes RF energy from the transmitter, radiates the energy into the space, receives echoes reflected by objects, and routes the echoes to the receiver.

EP-3E

Signals intelligence (SIGINT) reconnaissance aircraft.

Global Command and Control System-Maritime (GCCS-M)

Supports decision making at all echelons of command with a single, integrated, scalable C4I (command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence) system.

Electromagnetic jamming

The deliberate radiation, re-radiation, alteration, suppression, absorption, denial, enhancement, or reflection of electromagnetic energy in a manner intended to convey misleading information to an enemy or to enemy electromagnetic-dependent weapons, thereby degrading or neutralizing the enemy's combat capability. **NOTE: JAMMING IS AN ACT OF WAR**

Wavelength

The distance in space occupied by one cycle of a radio wave at any given instant (from one point to the next like point, ex. From peak to peak).

Pulse Width (PW)

The duration of the pulse, commonly expressed in microseconds (µs).

Radio Frequency

The number of cycles of a radio wave in a specific set of time.

Scan Type

The pattern of the beam that is transmitted by the RADAR's antenna. Examples: Circular, Conical, Raster, Sector, Spiral, Steady

Modulation/Demodulation

The process of manipulating a waveform to express information.

Bandwidth

The range of frequencies occupied by a radio wave. The difference between the upper and lower cut-off frequencies of a RADAR receiver, typically measured in hertz.

Scan Rate

The rate at which a RADAR rotates or repeats its scan pattern.

AN/SLQ-32(V)4

The ship's primary Electronic Warfare (EW) system.

Unintentional Modulation on Pulse (UMOP)

The unique variations on each RADAR pulse produced by the pulse-forming network of a specific emitter (ex. RRN's AN/SPS-67), exploited via Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) to identify "fingerprint" of the emitter.

Sound Navigation and Ranging (SONAR)

The use/exploitation of sound beneath the surface of water to detect, identify and track contacts and landmarks that are underwater.

AN/USQ-T47(V)2 Battle Force Electronic Warfare Trainer (BEWT)

Training support system for the SLQ-32. BEWT provides a realistic training environment to the SLQ-32 operator by injecting training data directly into the SLQ-32 processors.

What are the three basic components in a RADAR?

Transmitter, Antenna, and Receiver

Scan Type -

Used to determine the probable function of the RADAR.

What is REGS used for?

Used to quickly estimate a RADAR's probable function.

E-2C Hawkeye

Uses RADAR, IFF and surveillance sensors to provide early warning and threat analysis.

Frequency Modulation (FM)

Varying the frequency of a wave to convey information.

Amplitude Modulation (AM)

Varying the power of a wave to convey information.

Civilian use of Doppler Effect

Weather RADARs, police "RADAR guns"

Military use of Doppler Effect

fire control/missile guidance, airborne intercept RADARs, aircraft altimeters

Surface Search

provides bearing and range (Ex. AN/SPS-67)

Hull-to-Emitter Correlation (HULTEC)

the identification of contact based on the correlation of observed emitters to a specific hull number.

Military Information Support Operations (MISO)

• Planned activities in peace, crisis, and war directed to enemy, friendly and neutral audiences to influence attitudes and behavior affecting the achievement of political and military objectives • Meant to effect the emotions and thoughts of the public • Formerly called "Psychological Operations" or PSYOPS