Exam 1- Biodiversity
How does the body recognize "self" cells compared to "nonself" cells?
"Self" cells are marked by glycoproteins called major-histocompatibility complexes (MHC)
Best Way to Describe A Virus?
A nonliving complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein coat
Structures that have the same function but evolved independently, such as the wings of bats and birds
Analogous structures
When two different forms of a virus infect the same cell, the host cell may manufacture viral particles from both viruses to reassemble them into a new form of virus?
Antigenic Shift
The specific immune system recognizes _____ found on the surface of the pathogen
Antigens
The influenza vaccine elicits an immune response by presenting the body with?
Antigens specific to the virus
The SARS-Cov2 virus enters host cells by ?
Attaching to ACE2 receptors
In living organisms, the flow of information is from
DNA > RNA> protein
Two most prevelant forms of the influenza virus?
Influenza A and Influenza B
The most common flu vaccine is called a trivalent vaccine because?
It contains 3 different strains of inactivated viruses
When the influenza virus enters into an epithelial cell within the respiratory tract, the infected cell responds by
Posting antigens on its cell surface, acting as a flag for the cytotoxic T cells to destroy it
What is the Lymphatic System responsible for?
Returning body fluid to the circulatory system (blood)
Which protein structures on the SARS-CoV2 virus identify host cells?
S (spike protiens)
Where did Alfred Russel Wallace do his biogeographical studies?
South Pacific Islands
Why are viruses excluded from being classified as living organisms?
They cannot process energy and materials
What are the two components of a Virus?
a protein capsid and genetic material
The immune system's role is to
actively seek and destroy pathogens.
The activities of macrophages
are part of the general immune system. nonspecific
What is the action of B cells?
change into plasma cells after meeting antigens to produce antibodies. develop and mature in the bone marrow. carry receptor molecules on their cell surfaces.
natural killer cells (NK cells)
destroy cells of the body that have been infected by viruses or bacteria
What do macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils do?
destroy pathogens by phagocytosis. nonspecific
What are the roles of the Inflammatory System?
increase blood flow to the infected area, isolate the infection to a limited area, and allow fluid to reach the infected area
The cycle of viral infection that will rapidly result in the death of a bacterial cell is called
lytic
Evolution is described as the change in heritable traits of a ___ over time?
population
B lymphocytes
produce antibodies
Capsid
protein coat surrounding a virus
Spikes
type of glycoproteins that assist the virus in identifying and entering its host cell
Structures that are passed on from a common ancestor, such as the bone structure of a limb
Homologous structures
What is the correct sequence of events in viral reproduction?
Attachment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation, and Release