exam 1

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

7.35-7.45

A patient with type A positive blood can, in theory, safely donate blood to someone with ________ blood.

A positive or AB positive

As a result of stress, the anterior pituitary releases ________, which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar, and begin breaking down fats.

ACTH

Which of the following is true about Erythropoietin?

All of the choices are true about Erythropoietin

Ventricular systole is represented by which of the following?

All of the choices are true of ventricular systole

A person with a blood type AO or AA would produce which of the following antibodies?

B agglutinins

This type of leukocyte is characterized as cells that secrete heparin and histamine in response to allergic reactions. The nucleus appears to be "pixelated".

Basophil

Which of the following groups of cells all represent granulocytes?

Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Which letter represents a case of bradycardia?

C

Which of the following initiates the release of Factor XII, leading to the formation of Prothrombinase? What pathway is represented?

Damage to the endothelial cells of arteries within the Intrinsic Pathway

The WBC is present when parasitic infections occur within the body.

Eosinophils

You are getting some new ink done to an existing tattoo on your arm. The ink is being injected into the dermis of the skin. Watching the artist do their thing, you notice that the area of new ink starts to bleed. Which clotting pathway is being activated?

Extrinsic Pathway

This hormone is secreted from basophil cells of the anterior pituitary and stimulates the development of follicles in females, estrogen production within the follicles and stimulates sperm production within the males.

FSH

Purkinje fibers contract, they do not conduct impulses.

False

How does the anterior pituitary receive messages from the hypothalamus?

Hypophyseal portal system

The pulmonary veins return blood to which chamber?

Left atrium

T cells and B cells are types of these cells. They make up 25%-33% of Leukocytes.

Lymphocytes

Which of the following layers of the heart is composed of heart muscle?

Myocardium

Which of the following is produced by the posterior pituitary?

None of the choices are correct

A Rh factor of Rh+ indicates which of the following?

None of the choices indicates Rh+

When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ________.

O

Which blood type is generally called the universal donor?

O negative

A cluster of cells that serve as the functional unit of the pancreas, releasing glucagon and insulin to aide in the regulation of the blood-glucose levels.

Pancreatic Islets

The cell type that represents a broad range stem cell which leads to a multiple of different cell types.

Pluripotent cells

Hematopoietic Growth Factors are hormones that direct the differentiation of progenitor cells in the formation of RBC. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that is produced where and regulates which of the following?

Produced within the kidney, directs the formation of erythrocytes

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is an example of a Hematopoietic Growth Factor. What role does TPO play?

Produced within the liver, directs formation of platelets

Which cell type is found within the bone marrow, directs the formation of hemoglobin, and still contains the cell nucleus?

Proerythroblasts

Specialized cardiac cells that instead of contracting, carry electrical conduction to stimulate contraction.

Purkinje fibers

Which cell type has lost the nucleus of the cell, develops into a biconcave disk, and is released into the blood stream?

Reticulocytes

The pacemaker of the heart is considered the______.

SA node

The tunica media of arterioles are primarily composed of?

Smooth muscle

The second heart sound is created when?

The semilunar valves close

Which of the following is directly responsible for the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin during the Common Pathway?

Thrombin

The primary role of the parathyroid gland is?

To regulate blood-calcium levels

Hemoglobin is broken down by macrophages in the liver and spleen. What is responsible for the transportation of Fe+ through blood?

Transferrin

Which of the following are classified as Atrioventricular valves?

Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves

Which of the following must be true in order for the ventricles to fill?

Ventricular pressure must be lower than atrial pressure

In which phase of the cardiac cycle does ventricular pressure increase?

Ventricular systole

Tommy never develops male secondary sex characteristics. Which part of his adrenal gland could be hypo-secreting androgens?

Zona reticularis

Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

atrioventricular (AV) valve

Aldosterone ________.

functions to increase sodium reabsorption

Many hours after a meal, alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete...

glucagon, which raises blood glucose

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________.

hypophyseal portal system

Which of the following is NOT a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium?

inhibition of calcitonin synthesis

Melatonin ________.

is responsible for regulating the sleep cycle

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

kidney

Which chambers of the heart contain oxygenated blood?

left atrium and ventricle

The parietal pericardium ________.

lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

The cells responsible for producing platelets are called ________.

megakaryocytes

Upon landing at the airport in Lagos, Nigeria, Eric feels wide awake even though the local time is 11pm. Which synthetic hormone supplement could he administer to help adjust to the new time zone?

melatonin

Which body activity would be most affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)?

oxygen transport

A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because ________.

preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump (agglutinate) the donated cells

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.

runs through the infundibulum

If you centrifuge (spin) whole blood you will find the band of white blood cells and platelets (the buffy coat) is much thinner than the packed red blood cells below it. This difference reflects the fact that ________.

white blood cells are fewer in number than red blood cells

Which of the following is correctly matched?

zona reticularis — gonadocorticoids