Exam 1
The field of _____ studies the processes that people use to choose, secure, utilize, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the effect of these processes on the consumer and society.
Consumer behavior
Capabilities necessary for purchases to occur, such as understanding money, budgeting, product evaluation, and so forth, are known as
Consumer skills
The process by which young people acquire attitudes, knowledge, and skills relevant to their functioning as consumers in the marketplace is known as
Consumer socialization
_____ have major negative impacts on the physical environments of societies
Consumption decisions
The economic health of many countries is highly influenced by
Consumption decisions made in large, wealthy societies
Why has the time that American couples spend in the young couples stage of the household life cycle increased?
Couples either delay their start in having children or choose to remain childless
A set of environment-oriented values that determines the extent to which a culture accepts progress to be a valid reason for altering existing patterns is the _____ dichotomy.
Tradition/change
What culture is most likely to view work as a necessary evil & merely a means to an end?
Leisure-oriented cultures
_____ represents how one lives, including the products one buys, how one uses them, what one thinks about them, and how one feels about them.
Lifestyle
In the individualistic country of Picasalta, the prominent family type is the nuclear family which obligations are felt only to members of one's immediate family. When children get married, they no longer owe obligations to their parents. Picasalta is an example of an _____ society.
Limited-family oriented
The American _____ class is characterized by very low incomes, minimal education, and long periods of unemployment, being the primary recipient of government support
Lower-lower
Which of the following statements about religion in American society is correct?
Many Americans claim a religious affiliation
How have the increasing wealth, independence, and buying power of women impacted products in the United States?
Many once masculine products are being designed for women
Any and all signals that a company provides about itself and its products through advertising, packaging, or public relations are referred to as
Marketing communications
_____ include(s) advertising, the sales force, public relations, packaging, and any other signal that the firm provides about itself and its products.
Marketing communications
A _____ is how a company can provide superior customer value to its target market that involves the formulation of a marketing mix.
Marketing strategy
Nearly all cultures in human society are _____, which is an other-oriented value
Masculine-oriented
In the context of other-oriented cultural values in the US, American have emphasized _________ for a long time
Masculinity
What makes gift giving across cultures a difficult task?
The dissimilar values that cultures denote to objects
The conditions
The economic, physical, and technological context of the components
Which of the following indirectly makes decisions concerning how much to spend on private goods as opposed to public goods in democratic societies, which have a huge impact on consumers' overall quality of life?
The elected representatives of the society's consumers
The basic framework in which consumer socialization occurs is provided by
The family
A marketer should analyze family decision making within each of his or her company's target markets because
The family decision-making process varies across market segments
In the context of relationship as a cultural variation in nonverbal communication, one of the main features of guanxi includes
The idea of a reciprocal relationship continuing indefinitely
Lifestyle
The manifestation of the total image a person has of him- or herself
Which American social stratum is the primary target market for products and services offered by automotive parts houses, garden shops, and home improvement centers?
The middle class
The company
The organization's own capabilities
Which of the following is a generation in the United States that belongs entirely to the mature market?
The pre-depression generation
A society that highly values the role of children in family decisions, and assigns status of importance to younger members of society has a(n) _____ culture.
youth-oriented
In the context of subcultures, any American is
Generally a member of several subcultures at a time
Which of the following statements about etiquette are true?
1. Behaviors considered rude in one culture may be acceptable in another 2. The use of gestures and normal voice tone differ among cultures
In the context of family decision making, which of the following must marketers do within each of their company's target markets
1. Create a marketing strategy that satisfies the needs of each family member 2. Identify the interests and motivations of each family member 3. Identify the family members that are involved at each stage of the decision process
Which of the following factors are responsible for the increasing number of multigenerational families in America?
1. Cultural beliefs about caring for an elder parent 2. Delay in marriage of younger people 3. Economic recession 4. Increasing immigrant population
Which of the following are kinds of subcultures?
1. Generation subcultures 2. Ethnic subcultures 3. Regional subcultures 4. Religious subcultures
A company called Waterful is planning to launch a retail product that is a portable swimming pool with a built-in slide and waterfall feature. The pool provides cascading water similar to rainfall. To operate the pool, a homeowner needs only electricity and running water via a hose. Waterful plans to market the product most heavily in California. Which of the following are the most important conditions must Waterful consider before producing the product?
1. Government regulations 2. The physical environment
Which of the following are approaches to identify need sets of groups in the process of market segmentation?
1. Identifying needs first followed by consumer characteristics associated with those needs 2. Identifying ethic groups first followed by consumption-related needs across the groups
During market analysis, which of the following questions should a company ask regarding competition?
1. If we are successful, which firms will be hurt? 2. How are competitors likely to respond if we are successful?
Which of the following statements about determining customers' needs are true?
1. It can often be accomplished by marketing research 2. It is a complet process
In which of the following ways can a company understand its ability to meet customer needs?
1. It must understand the skills of its marketing department 2. It should evaluate its own financial condition 3. It must consider its production capabilities
Which of the following compromise the empty nest I segment of the American household cycle?
1. Middle-aged childless couples 2. Middle-aged married couples whose children have left home 3. Second marriages with the children from the first marriage living elsewhere
Which of the following are reasons that the United States is considered basically a secular society?
1. No religious group controls the political press 2. A religious group does not control the government
Rank the stages of McNeal's model of how children learn to shop by visiting supermarkets and retailers with their parents in order.
1. Observing 2. Making requests 3. Making selections 4. Making assisted purchases 5. Making independent purchases
Which of the following are the types of time perspectives across cultures?
1. Polychronic 2. Monochronic
The first American generation to face the issue of reduced expectations because of limited wages and job opportunities for young people is
Generation X
Which generation in the United States, also known as the echo boom, is autonomous strongly independent, diverse, intellectually expressive, curious, innovative, and unlikely to be swayed by marketing hype
Generation Y
In the context of cross-cultural marketing strategy, _____, which generally means global localization, refers to the adaptation of products and services to local consideration.
Globalization
Marketing that is intended specifically to respond to customers' concern for the environment is called ___________ marketing
Green
In the process of market segmentation, identify the step after identifying product-related need sets.
Grouping customers with similar need sets
Households are critical to the consumption process because they
Help to socialize children and directly influence the consumption process
Parts of Arizona, California, Florida, and New Mexico
Hispanics
Which of the following is a true statement about secular countries?
Historical religious influences largely shape the values of secular countries
Which of the following statements about the Hispanic market in the United States is accurate?
Historically, not many marketers have developed unique products or services for this market
What does the contemporary American household life cycle assume?
Households move into a variety of relatively distinct categories over time
Identify a phenomenon that has a major negative impact on the social welfare of a society and not just the individuals involved.
Injurious consumption
What does a company do in a class to mass strategy?
It creates opportunities for less affluent customers to afford and purchase luxury products
Size in regard to demographics
It denotes to number of individuals in a given populace
Distribution in regard to demographics
It denotes to the geographic location of individuals in a given populace as well as their rural, suburban, and urban location
Structure in regard to demographics
It describes a population using the variables of age, income, education, and occupation
How is the household life cycle useful to marketers?
It helps them segment markets according to its various stages
Upper class
It is divided into three groups on the basis of occupation and social affiliation, and it comprises 14 percent of all Americans
Lower class
It is divided into two groups on the basis of proximity to the poverty level, and it comprises 16 percent of all Americans
Middle class
It is divided into two groups, both of which have average incomes, and it forms 70 percent of the American population
What is the nature of the Roman Catholic subculture in the United States?
It is ethnically diverse with many of its members coming from ethnic subcultures
What is the current status of Internet-based marketing to the Asian community in the United States?
It is growing rapidly due to heavy internet usage among Asian Americans
Instrumental materialism
It is the acquisition of items to allow or help one to do something
Terminal materialism
It is the acquisition of things for the sake of possessing them
What was the effect of the "Great Recession" on American consumers?
It temporarily encouraged Americans to save more and pay down debt
Traditionally, American culture had a limited family-oriented values primarily because
It was settled by immigrants who moved around a lot as the nation grew
The most fundamental outcome of a company's marketing strategy is
Its product position
_____ is the nearest that other people can approach a person in various situations without that person becoming uncomfortable.
Personal space
An individual is said to have a high degree of _____ when he or she is consistent on all statues dimensions that are valued by a society
Status crystallization
Traditional housewife
Stays at home and obtains satisfaction and meaning from household and family maintenance
A consumer's estimate of how much money is available to spend on nonessentials is known as
Subjective discretionary income
Hispanic
According to the Bureau of the Census in the United States, a(n) _____ is a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central America, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.
Consumption-related attitudes
They refer to cognitive and affective orientations toward marketplace stimuli such as warranties, salespeople, advertisements, and so forth
Consumption-related preferences
They refer to the values, attitudes, and knowledge that cause people to attach differential evaluations to brands, products, and retailers
Individualistic cultures
They value diversity and variety
Collectivistic cultures
They value uniformity and conformity
Modeling
This refers to a child learning appropriate, or inappropriate, consumption behaviors by observing others
Mediation
This refers to a parent altering a child's initial interpretation of, or response to, a marketing or other stimulus
Instrumental training
This refers to a parent or sibling specifically and directly attempting to elicit certain responses in a child through reasoning and reinforcement
Why has the emphasis on teamwork and cooperation in American educational institutions and corporations increased?
To equip the group to successfully compete with other groups
Why are demographics frequently used by marketers?
To segment and describe their markets
Ascribed role
Based on a characteristic over which a person has minimal control
Achievement role
Based on performance criteria over which the individual has a level of control
Rank the steps in the process of market segmentation in the order in which they are implemented by a firm.
1. Recognizing the need sets related to products 2. Sorting consumers into groups with similar need sets 3. Describing each group of consumers with similar need sets 4. Choosing one or more attractive segments to serve
Which of the following are types of cultural values?
1. Self-oriented values 2. Environment-oriented values 3. Other-oriented values
Which of the following are factors behind the steady overall growth of population of the United States?
1. Significant immigration 2. The baby boom generation 3. Longer life expectancies
Which of the following are factors that African American shoppers tend to look for in retail stores?
1. That the store employs other African Americans 2. That the store treats customers of all ethnicities with respect 3. That the store stocks ethnic products
Market analysis components
1. The Consumers 2. The Company 3. The Competitors 4. The Conditions
Which of the following determine the roles of the members of a family in making purchase decisions?
1. The family's culture and subculture 2. The degree of involvement of each family member in the product area of concern 3. The personal characteristics of the family members 4. The role specialization of various family members
What are reasons for the marketing of cosmetics, medicines, and hair products to older customers?
1. The increasing disposable income of older customers 2. The growing numbers of older citizens 3. The desire of older customers for a younger appearance
Piaget's stages of cognitive development in a. sequential order in which a child goes through them.
1. The period of sensorimotor intelligence 2. The period of preoperational thoughts 3. The period of concrete operations 4. The period of formal operations
Which of the following statements about the decisions consumers make are true?
1. They can be a result of powerful and nuanced motivations 2. They are the result of a complex set of forces
How do parents teach their children consumer skills, consumption-related preferences, and consumption-related attitudes both deliberately and casually?
1. Through instrumental training 2. Through mediation 3. Through modeling
Which of the following are a firm's goals for undertaking a detailed analysis of the seven key considerations for approaching a foreign market?
1. To decide whether or not to enter the market 2. To determine whether an individualized marketing strategy is required
The FTC guidelines called the "Green Guides" seek to do what?
1. To focus on qualifying claims for products that are beneficial to the environment 2. To prevent the practice called greenwashing
Which of the following are primary responses that retailers have made to the Hispanic market in the United States?
1. Using spanish-language signs, directions, and point-of-purchase displays 2. Displaying merchandise assortments that reflect the needs of local hispanics 3. Increasing the number of bilingual salespeople in their stores
In the context of firm outcomes, when do sales and profits occur?
1. When a firm's marketing mix suits the consumer decision process 2. When the analysis of consumers by firm proves to be accurate
Which of the following statements about Xer women are true?
1. Xer women have felt empowered to engage in home improvement projects 2. Xer women are more highly educated than men
In the context of market segmentation, the process of tracking the online activity of consumers and displaying banner ads to them that are related to their activity is known as
Behavioral targeting
Which of the following is most likely a social marketing campaign?
A department store distributing leaflets that illustrates the harmful effects of drug use
Purchaser
A family member who actually buys a product
Information gatherer
A family member who has interest and expertise in a particular purchase
Initiator
A family member who is the first to identify a need or the start the purchase process
Decision maker
A family member who makes the final choice in the purchase process
Influencer
A family member who plays a large part in determining the criteria considered, the alternatives evaluated, and the final decision in the purchase process
User
A family member who utilizes the product that is bought
Spanish-language media
A marketer's attempt to target the Hispanic market in the United States will involve
Which is true of online advertising targeting gay consumers?
A number of corporations are adding content to appeal to GLBT people
Judaism
A religion in the United States that is followed by 2% of American adults and is unique as it has historically been an inseparable combination of religious and ethnic identity is
Traditionally, Americans have placed emphasis on what?
Abstinence, working hard, and religion
1. Christmas 2. Thanksgiving
According to the text, which of the following American holidays have a religious basis although religion may not longer be the central theme of the holiday
The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that describes whether a culture values physical accomplishments or nonphysical achievements.
Active/passive
Parts of the South and urban areas of the Northeast
African Americans
Which ethnic group in America roughly constitutes 13% of the American population and represents $1.1 trillion in buying power, being concentrated in the South and in the major metropolitan areas outside the South of the United States?
African Americans
Which of the following statements true about African American web users today?
African Americans spend more time surfing the Internet than the general population does
A group of persons who have experienced a common social, political, historical, and economic environment is known as a(n) _____ or a generation
Age cohort
In the context of marketing strategy, what is a total product?
All the characteristics of a product determined by the marketing mix
What are the traditional and current attitudes of Americans about change?
Americans have always been receptive to change
Since most Arab Americans are fed up with negative stereotypes and misrepresentations of their culture, it is important for marketers in the United States to
Approach the Arab American market with respect and accuracy
In the context of regional subcultures, the most effective marketing strategies are those that
Are based on small geographic regions
Honolulu
Asian Americans
The highest-educated and highest-income subculture in the United States is the
Asian-Americans
An _____ service is a peripheral activity that is performed to enhance a primary product or service.
Auxiliary
_____ are Americans who are characterized by high incomes, high education levels dual career households, time poverty, the "empty nest" phenomenon, and the concept of active retirement.
Baby boomers
Tacoda Systems tracks consumers' online activity and delivers specific banners based on that activity. This tracking and ad delivery system has been installed on almost 3,000 websites, and advertisers pay on a pay-for-performance basis, which means that advertisers pay Tacoda Systems only when a consumer clicks on their ad. The tracking of online activity and delivery of ads based on that activity is called _____.
Behavioral targeting
Creating satisfied customers in order to ensure future sales requires customers to
Believe that a brand offers superior value after they have used it
Which subculture in the United States has often been called the Christian Right, Religious Right, Fundamentalist Christians, Conservative Christians, and Evangelical Christians?
Born-again Christians
Marketers aggressively pursue children as consumers because
Brand loyalties developed at a young age produce long-term returns
How have cities in the United States attempted to tackle the problem of urban blight?
By attracting high-end developers and retailers to revitalize their neighborhoods
Since multi-item indexes were created to measure a person's or a family's overall social status within a community, they
Cannot reveal associations between individual status dimensions and the consumption of certain products
Among the important female market segments in the United States, the _____ segment has grown significantly in the past thirty years.
Career working women
_____ refers to marketing that connects a firm and its products to an issue or cause with the goal of enhancing sales or corporate image while benefiting the cause.
Cause marketing
A set of environment-oriented values that determines the extent to which a culture emphasizes personal and public hygiene.
Cleanliness
A person's perceived age that is a part of their self-concept is called
Cognitive age
A society that gives incentives and prestige to groups is most likely to value the other-oriented cultural value of
Collectivism
In the context of other-oriented cultural values, the path to success - whether by outdoing others or by allying with others - that is emphasized by a culture reveals its _____ orientation.
Competitive/cooperative
When members of the lower-upper class find that they are unable to be members of clubs exclusive to the upper-upper class or even be accorded the same level of social respect, they respond by engaging in _____ to demonstrate the extent of their wealth
Conspicuous consumption
The complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society is known as _____.
Culture
The difference between all the benefits derived from a total product and all the costs of obtaining those benefits is known as
Customer value
Product distribution is essential to the success of a marketing strategy because
Customers rarely go to great lengths to secure a particular brand and expect cross-channel options
Members of the _____ group in the American household life cycle produced a new phenomenon of a sizable number of middle-aged couple entering into parenthood for the first time
Delayed full nest I
In the process of market segmentation, which of the following is the step that comes after identifying customers with similar need sets that are related to a product?
Describing customers with similar needs in terms of their demographics
_____ are characterized by high ethnic diversity, declining divorce rates, economic uncertainty, and their inability to remember a time before computers and cell phones
Digital natives
Unlike social marketing, cause-related marketing
Directly benefits a company
In the United States, _____ is increasingly necessary to obtain a family wage job
Education
The factors that are strongly associated with occupation are
Education and income
According to researchers, cultural creatives are Americans who _____
Embrace diversity, like foreign and exotic things, and value self-expression
Middle-aged (35 to 64) married Americans who have no children living at home from the _____ segment of the American household life cycle?
Empty nest I
Tyrone and Cristina have been married for 40 years, and they are both in their 70s. Their children have already married and left home, and two of them often take their grandchildren on vacations. To which group of the household life cycle do they most belong to?
Empty nest II
_____ refers to environmentally friendly marketing practices, strategies, and tactics that a firm employs to obtain an ambitious distinction
Enviropreneurial marketing
Subcultures whose members have unique shared behaviors that are based on a common national, language, or racial background are known as _____ subcultures.
Ethnic
Judeo-Christian heritage
Even though American culture is secular, most of its dominant traditions and values are derived from the _____ of most Americans.
Ferris Inc., an automobile manufacturer in the United States, started providing free test drives to African American university students as part of Black History Month to promote their electric car, Zencar, as an effective means to communicate with young African Americans. This is an example of
Event marekting
Hispanic consumers in the United States tend to be
Extremely brand loyal
True or false: Family purchase roles are not influences by the society a family belongs to
False
The process by which decisions that directly or indirectly involve two or more family members are made is referred to as
Family decision making
Cultures that value _____ are most likely to encourage people to live for the moment
Immediate gratification
Geographic concentration
In addition to using national as well as tribe-specific media targeted to Native Americans, marketers can easily access Native Americans due to their
Unlike stepfamilies, traditional families in the United States are dealing due to the
Increase in single-person households
The most likely reason that messy homes are becoming more acceptable in America is
Increased time demands caused by work
A narrow view of consumer behavior that centers on the purchaser and the immediate antecedents and outcomes of the buying process is unable to take into account the
Indirect influences on consumer selections
The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that describes whether a culture values individual initiative or cooperation with and conformity to a group.
Individual
In the context of self-oriented values, one of the major reasons that Americans work hard is their
Material orientation
What is the predominant subculture in the Hispanic market in the United States?
Mexican Americans
Which of the following are the primary consumers of all kinds of lessons like piano lessons, dance lessons, and gymnastic lessons, as well as metal care and a variety of snack foods in the United States?
Middle-aged married couples with children over age six living at home
In the American household life cycle, the _____ group compromises people who have never married and people who are divorced with no child-rearing responsibilities
Middle-aged single
To be kept waiting for a business appointment is considered offensive in _____ cultures.
Monochronic
Compared to whites, African Americans are
More influenced by mass media ads
What best describes the American approach to either an active or passive life?
Most Americans take an active approach to both leisure and problem-solving activities
Even though factors like language, education, and income have changed for Hispanics across generations in the United States due to acculturation, marketers need to note that
Most Hispanic adults identify strongly with a Hispanic culture
In the process of market segmentation, marketers need to identify product-related need sets because
Most products in developed economies fulfill more than one need
One of the outcomes of designing marketing approaches to target major ethic subcultures is that
Multiethnic groups are often neglected or alienated by marketers
Cultures that often have more stringent packaging & environmental regulations for industries highly value
Nature
The interaction of a firm's marketing strategy with the consumer decision-making process determines its
Outcomes
Sanctions
Penalties for the violation of cultural norms
Which of the following is an accurate statement about nonverbal communication systems across cultures?
People often fail to recognize the specificity of these systems to a culture.
Americans are currently shifting to a focus on the environment-oriented value of
Performance
The degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society is known as
Power distance
The sum of money a person must pay to acquire the right to use a product is known as the product's
Price
The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that describes the extent to which people in a culture feel that they are either able to or unable to influence the outcome of events.
Problem solving/fatalistic
Americans are known to take great pride in their __________ cultural orientation, which has traditionally been valued and continues to be valued
Problem-solving
Anything a consumer acquires or might acquire to meet a perceived need is known as a
Product
In addition to adapting products to target African American consumers, marketers quite often
Promote products that satisfy the needs of all ethnic groups to African Americans
Which of the following is an accurate statement about social class systems?
Pure social classes do not exist in most industrialized societies
In contrast to collectivistic consumers, highly individualistic consumers are more likely to
React negatively to unsatisfactory purchases
Which of the following is an application of consumer behavior that protects consumers?
Regulatory policy
The extent to which daily activities in a culture are determined by spiritual ideology is reflected in the self-oriented cultural values of
Religiosity and secularism
The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that determines whether a culture appreciates or considers foolhardy people who endanger their status or wealth on a new venture.
Risk taking/security
Norms
Rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations
Among unmarried partner households, _____ can easily be targeted by marketers through specialized media
Same-sex couples
Since the government, political process, educational system, and social norms of America are not controlled by religious groups or guidelines, it is a(n) _____ society.
Secular
In the United States there is a strong emphasis on the environment-oriented cultural value of _____ because of the most recent economic recession.
Security
A portion of a larger market with similar needs that are somewhat different from the larger market is known as a market _____.
Segment
The consumer decision process, along with the experiences and acquisitions associated with it, affects the internal and external characteristics of consumers. What aspect of the consumer is most influenced by this?
Self-concept and lifestyle
Current American society's increasing secularism has led to the growing acceptance of the self-oriented cultural value of _____ despite the efforts of consumer and government agencies to curb it.
Sensual gratification
Members of a culture that place value on _____ rather than _____ would likely have advertisements that contain nudity and sex appeals.
Sensual gratifications; abstinence
The term that denotes whether a person is biologically a male or female is
Sex
In the household lifecycle, _____ consists of young (ages 18 to 34), unmarried people, who have no children
Single I
Single Americans over 64, who are generally retired, fall into the _____ category of the household life cycle
Single III
In the American household life cycle, the _____ stage includes young unmarried individuals with no children
Single parent I
Anya is a middle-aged, unmarried American which a successful career. She longed for a family of her own, and so she decided to adopt a child from her native country and raise him as her own. Which category of the household life cycle did she fall into after this decision?
Single parent II
Elements of demographics
Size, structure, distribution
Marketers have largely ignored the Buddhist consumers in the United States because of their
Small size and ethic diversity
A hierarchical division of a society into relatively distinct and homogeneous groups with respect to lifestyle attitudes, and values is known as a(n)
Social class system
More than any other product, marketers have been developing _____ that are unique to the Hispanic market in the United States
Specialty food products
Which of the following is an accurate statement about symbols?
Symbols like numbers, creatures, music, colors, and shapes have different interpretations across cultures
The success of a firm's marketing strategy depends on its marketing mix being consistent with the value _____ of its target market.
System
An _____ is a segment of a larger market on which a firm focuses its marketing strategies and tactics.
Target market
A generation in the United States that consists of people who were born between 1930 and 1945 and experienced World War II as children, with music and television being important parts of their lives, is
The Depression Generation
What is a common mistake that marketers make when communicating with the African American consumers?
The assume that consumers from an ethnic group are similar as the larger culture except for superficial differences
The competitors
The capabilities of present and future rivals
Which of the following is the market analysis component that includes consideration of the state of the economy, the physical environment, government regulations, and technological developments?
The conditions
The consumers
The consumption process of potential customers
Self-concept
The totality of a person's thoughts and feelings about him- or herself
One of the features of subcultures is that
Their members generally share beliefs and behaviors with the core culture
Ailing Outgoers
Their physical abilities are limited by their health problems, but they maintain a positive outlook that helps them remain active
Since there are different religions in the United States that prescribe different behaviors and values,
There are a number of religious subcultures in America
Multi-item indexes
These consider many variables simultaneously and weight these according to a scheme that mirrors societal perceptions
Single-item indexes
These estimate social status on the basis of a single dimension such as occupation, education, or income, and are usually lower in accuracy
Healthy Indulgers
They are healthy, both physically and mentally, and seek to enjoy life actively and independently
Which of the following statements about status-oriented societies are true?
They are more likely to prefer prestigious brand names
Healthy Hermits
They are physically healthy but have reduced self-concept because of significant life events that have made them withdrawn
Identify an accurate statement about groups of customers with similar need sets.
They can have sharply different demographics
Frail Recluses
They have accepted their old age and have adjusted their lifestyles to mirror their decreased physical abilities and social roles
What is the significance of WASPs (white Anglo-Saxon Protestants) to the United States?
They have dominated the country historically in terms of wealth, power, and even population
Which of the following is an attribute of global youth?
They have many culturally specific behaviors and values
True or False: Differences in climatic conditions, natural environment and resources, characteristics of various immigrant groups settles in a geographic area, and significant social and political events cause distinct regional subcultures to arise.
True
True or false: Drinking alcohol and smoking cigars are examples of injurious consumption.
True
True or false: Purchases can increase a consumer's need rather than reduce it when he or she has a negative level of satisfaction
True
True or false: The percentage of African Americans adults that use the internet has historically been and continues to be less than that of the population as a whole.
True
Characteristics of the American _____ class include lack of education, marginal housing in unsafe neighborhoods, and high levels of injurious consumption
Upper-lower
An American social stratum that is highly visible and aspired to by many Americans is the _____ class, which makes it a significant positioning variable for affordable luxury products as seen in the upward-pull and class to mass marketing strategies
Upper-middle
The sponsors of major charitable events who often lead and fund community and civic activities and organizations belong to the _____ class in the United States
Upper-upper
In comparison to whites, African Americans are more likely to
Use shopping as a form of recreation
Beliefs that are widely held in a society and that are associated with desirable behavior are called cultural _____.
Values
The term "_____ _____" refers to the efforts to consumer to reduce their dependence on consumption and material possessions, particularly American consumers, in light of the recent recession
Voluntary simplicity
Multi-item indexes are unable to account for dual sources of status (both men and women) in American households because they
Were created before the role of women rapidly expanded
When are product modifications for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) consumers beneficial, or even necessary?
When it comes to areas such as television, marriage, and financial services
1. They highly value education 2. They value products with quality and durability 3. They emphasize financial security 4. They give a dominant role to husbands in family decisions
Which of the following are cultural traits that are shared by many Asian-Indian Americans in the United States?
1. Their degree of conservatism 2. The importance they attach to literal teachings
Which of the following are features that distinguish Muslim sects from each other in America?
Cultural values
Widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable in a culture
Skilled and semiskilled sales, service, and factory workers from the _____ class in the US
Working
Career working woman
Works and obtains satisfaction and meaning from it but doesn't enjoy household maintenance
Trapped working woman
Would rather stay at home but works due to financial necessity and family pressure and doesn't enjoy it
Trapped housewife
Would rather work but stays at home because of children and family pressure and does not enjoy it
People between the ages of 18 and 34 who are married or living together without any children belong to the _____ stage of the household life cycle
Young couples
Which of the following kind of people are found in the full nest I stage of the American household life cycle?
Young married couples with children
Unlike most other traditional societies, American culture has always valued
Youth
It is important for individuals in consumption societies to be aware of the marketing strategies and tactics that influence their decisions so as to
be more effective as consumers
