Exam 1

The field of _____ studies the processes that people use to choose, secure, utilize, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the effect of these processes on the consumer and society.

Consumer behavior

Capabilities necessary for purchases to occur, such as understanding money, budgeting, product evaluation, and so forth, are known as

Consumer skills

The process by which young people acquire attitudes, knowledge, and skills relevant to their functioning as consumers in the marketplace is known as

Consumer socialization

_____ have major negative impacts on the physical environments of societies

Consumption decisions

The economic health of many countries is highly influenced by

Consumption decisions made in large, wealthy societies

Why has the time that American couples spend in the young couples stage of the household life cycle increased?

Couples either delay their start in having children or choose to remain childless

A set of environment-oriented values that determines the extent to which a culture accepts progress to be a valid reason for altering existing patterns is the _____ dichotomy.

Tradition/change

What culture is most likely to view work as a necessary evil & merely a means to an end?

Leisure-oriented cultures

_____ represents how one lives, including the products one buys, how one uses them, what one thinks about them, and how one feels about them.

Lifestyle

In the individualistic country of Picasalta, the prominent family type is the nuclear family which obligations are felt only to members of one's immediate family. When children get married, they no longer owe obligations to their parents. Picasalta is an example of an _____ society.

Limited-family oriented

The American _____ class is characterized by very low incomes, minimal education, and long periods of unemployment, being the primary recipient of government support

Lower-lower

Which of the following statements about religion in American society is correct?

Many Americans claim a religious affiliation

How have the increasing wealth, independence, and buying power of women impacted products in the United States?

Many once masculine products are being designed for women

Any and all signals that a company provides about itself and its products through advertising, packaging, or public relations are referred to as

Marketing communications

_____ include(s) advertising, the sales force, public relations, packaging, and any other signal that the firm provides about itself and its products.

Marketing communications

A _____ is how a company can provide superior customer value to its target market that involves the formulation of a marketing mix.

Marketing strategy

Nearly all cultures in human society are _____, which is an other-oriented value

Masculine-oriented

In the context of other-oriented cultural values in the US, American have emphasized _________ for a long time

Masculinity

What makes gift giving across cultures a difficult task?

The dissimilar values that cultures denote to objects

The conditions

The economic, physical, and technological context of the components

Which of the following indirectly makes decisions concerning how much to spend on private goods as opposed to public goods in democratic societies, which have a huge impact on consumers' overall quality of life?

The elected representatives of the society's consumers

The basic framework in which consumer socialization occurs is provided by

The family

A marketer should analyze family decision making within each of his or her company's target markets because

The family decision-making process varies across market segments

In the context of relationship as a cultural variation in nonverbal communication, one of the main features of guanxi includes

The idea of a reciprocal relationship continuing indefinitely

Lifestyle

The manifestation of the total image a person has of him- or herself

Which American social stratum is the primary target market for products and services offered by automotive parts houses, garden shops, and home improvement centers?

The middle class

The company

The organization's own capabilities

Which of the following is a generation in the United States that belongs entirely to the mature market?

The pre-depression generation

A society that highly values the role of children in family decisions, and assigns status of importance to younger members of society has a(n) _____ culture.

youth-oriented

In the context of subcultures, any American is

Generally a member of several subcultures at a time

Which of the following statements about etiquette are true?

1. Behaviors considered rude in one culture may be acceptable in another 2. The use of gestures and normal voice tone differ among cultures

In the context of family decision making, which of the following must marketers do within each of their company's target markets

1. Create a marketing strategy that satisfies the needs of each family member 2. Identify the interests and motivations of each family member 3. Identify the family members that are involved at each stage of the decision process

Which of the following factors are responsible for the increasing number of multigenerational families in America?

1. Cultural beliefs about caring for an elder parent 2. Delay in marriage of younger people 3. Economic recession 4. Increasing immigrant population

Which of the following are kinds of subcultures?

1. Generation subcultures 2. Ethnic subcultures 3. Regional subcultures 4. Religious subcultures

A company called Waterful is planning to launch a retail product that is a portable swimming pool with a built-in slide and waterfall feature. The pool provides cascading water similar to rainfall. To operate the pool, a homeowner needs only electricity and running water via a hose. Waterful plans to market the product most heavily in California. Which of the following are the most important conditions must Waterful consider before producing the product?

1. Government regulations 2. The physical environment

Which of the following are approaches to identify need sets of groups in the process of market segmentation?

1. Identifying needs first followed by consumer characteristics associated with those needs 2. Identifying ethic groups first followed by consumption-related needs across the groups

During market analysis, which of the following questions should a company ask regarding competition?

1. If we are successful, which firms will be hurt? 2. How are competitors likely to respond if we are successful?

Which of the following statements about determining customers' needs are true?

1. It can often be accomplished by marketing research 2. It is a complet process

In which of the following ways can a company understand its ability to meet customer needs?

1. It must understand the skills of its marketing department 2. It should evaluate its own financial condition 3. It must consider its production capabilities

Which of the following compromise the empty nest I segment of the American household cycle?

1. Middle-aged childless couples 2. Middle-aged married couples whose children have left home 3. Second marriages with the children from the first marriage living elsewhere

Which of the following are reasons that the United States is considered basically a secular society?

1. No religious group controls the political press 2. A religious group does not control the government

Rank the stages of McNeal's model of how children learn to shop by visiting supermarkets and retailers with their parents in order.

1. Observing 2. Making requests 3. Making selections 4. Making assisted purchases 5. Making independent purchases

Which of the following are the types of time perspectives across cultures?

1. Polychronic 2. Monochronic

The first American generation to face the issue of reduced expectations because of limited wages and job opportunities for young people is

Generation X

Which generation in the United States, also known as the echo boom, is autonomous strongly independent, diverse, intellectually expressive, curious, innovative, and unlikely to be swayed by marketing hype

Generation Y

In the context of cross-cultural marketing strategy, _____, which generally means global localization, refers to the adaptation of products and services to local consideration.

Globalization

Marketing that is intended specifically to respond to customers' concern for the environment is called ___________ marketing

Green

In the process of market segmentation, identify the step after identifying product-related need sets.

Grouping customers with similar need sets

Households are critical to the consumption process because they

Help to socialize children and directly influence the consumption process

Parts of Arizona, California, Florida, and New Mexico

Hispanics

Which of the following is a true statement about secular countries?

Historical religious influences largely shape the values of secular countries

Which of the following statements about the Hispanic market in the United States is accurate?

Historically, not many marketers have developed unique products or services for this market

What does the contemporary American household life cycle assume?

Households move into a variety of relatively distinct categories over time

Identify a phenomenon that has a major negative impact on the social welfare of a society and not just the individuals involved.

Injurious consumption

What does a company do in a class to mass strategy?

It creates opportunities for less affluent customers to afford and purchase luxury products

Size in regard to demographics

It denotes to number of individuals in a given populace

Distribution in regard to demographics

It denotes to the geographic location of individuals in a given populace as well as their rural, suburban, and urban location

Structure in regard to demographics

It describes a population using the variables of age, income, education, and occupation

How is the household life cycle useful to marketers?

It helps them segment markets according to its various stages

Upper class

It is divided into three groups on the basis of occupation and social affiliation, and it comprises 14 percent of all Americans

Lower class

It is divided into two groups on the basis of proximity to the poverty level, and it comprises 16 percent of all Americans

Middle class

It is divided into two groups, both of which have average incomes, and it forms 70 percent of the American population

What is the nature of the Roman Catholic subculture in the United States?

It is ethnically diverse with many of its members coming from ethnic subcultures

What is the current status of Internet-based marketing to the Asian community in the United States?

It is growing rapidly due to heavy internet usage among Asian Americans

Instrumental materialism

It is the acquisition of items to allow or help one to do something

Terminal materialism

It is the acquisition of things for the sake of possessing them

What was the effect of the "Great Recession" on American consumers?

It temporarily encouraged Americans to save more and pay down debt

Traditionally, American culture had a limited family-oriented values primarily because

It was settled by immigrants who moved around a lot as the nation grew

The most fundamental outcome of a company's marketing strategy is

Its product position

_____ is the nearest that other people can approach a person in various situations without that person becoming uncomfortable.

Personal space

An individual is said to have a high degree of _____ when he or she is consistent on all statues dimensions that are valued by a society

Status crystallization

Traditional housewife

Stays at home and obtains satisfaction and meaning from household and family maintenance

A consumer's estimate of how much money is available to spend on nonessentials is known as

Subjective discretionary income

Hispanic

According to the Bureau of the Census in the United States, a(n) _____ is a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central America, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.

Consumption-related attitudes

They refer to cognitive and affective orientations toward marketplace stimuli such as warranties, salespeople, advertisements, and so forth

Consumption-related preferences

They refer to the values, attitudes, and knowledge that cause people to attach differential evaluations to brands, products, and retailers

Individualistic cultures

They value diversity and variety

Collectivistic cultures

They value uniformity and conformity

Modeling

This refers to a child learning appropriate, or inappropriate, consumption behaviors by observing others

Mediation

This refers to a parent altering a child's initial interpretation of, or response to, a marketing or other stimulus

Instrumental training

This refers to a parent or sibling specifically and directly attempting to elicit certain responses in a child through reasoning and reinforcement

Why has the emphasis on teamwork and cooperation in American educational institutions and corporations increased?

To equip the group to successfully compete with other groups

Why are demographics frequently used by marketers?

To segment and describe their markets

Ascribed role

Based on a characteristic over which a person has minimal control

Achievement role

Based on performance criteria over which the individual has a level of control

Rank the steps in the process of market segmentation in the order in which they are implemented by a firm.

1. Recognizing the need sets related to products 2. Sorting consumers into groups with similar need sets 3. Describing each group of consumers with similar need sets 4. Choosing one or more attractive segments to serve

Which of the following are types of cultural values?

1. Self-oriented values 2. Environment-oriented values 3. Other-oriented values

Which of the following are factors behind the steady overall growth of population of the United States?

1. Significant immigration 2. The baby boom generation 3. Longer life expectancies

Which of the following are factors that African American shoppers tend to look for in retail stores?

1. That the store employs other African Americans 2. That the store treats customers of all ethnicities with respect 3. That the store stocks ethnic products

Market analysis components

1. The Consumers 2. The Company 3. The Competitors 4. The Conditions

Which of the following determine the roles of the members of a family in making purchase decisions?

1. The family's culture and subculture 2. The degree of involvement of each family member in the product area of concern 3. The personal characteristics of the family members 4. The role specialization of various family members

What are reasons for the marketing of cosmetics, medicines, and hair products to older customers?

1. The increasing disposable income of older customers 2. The growing numbers of older citizens 3. The desire of older customers for a younger appearance

Piaget's stages of cognitive development in a. sequential order in which a child goes through them.

1. The period of sensorimotor intelligence 2. The period of preoperational thoughts 3. The period of concrete operations 4. The period of formal operations

Which of the following statements about the decisions consumers make are true?

1. They can be a result of powerful and nuanced motivations 2. They are the result of a complex set of forces

How do parents teach their children consumer skills, consumption-related preferences, and consumption-related attitudes both deliberately and casually?

1. Through instrumental training 2. Through mediation 3. Through modeling

Which of the following are a firm's goals for undertaking a detailed analysis of the seven key considerations for approaching a foreign market?

1. To decide whether or not to enter the market 2. To determine whether an individualized marketing strategy is required

The FTC guidelines called the "Green Guides" seek to do what?

1. To focus on qualifying claims for products that are beneficial to the environment 2. To prevent the practice called greenwashing

Which of the following are primary responses that retailers have made to the Hispanic market in the United States?

1. Using spanish-language signs, directions, and point-of-purchase displays 2. Displaying merchandise assortments that reflect the needs of local hispanics 3. Increasing the number of bilingual salespeople in their stores

In the context of firm outcomes, when do sales and profits occur?

1. When a firm's marketing mix suits the consumer decision process 2. When the analysis of consumers by firm proves to be accurate

Which of the following statements about Xer women are true?

1. Xer women have felt empowered to engage in home improvement projects 2. Xer women are more highly educated than men

In the context of market segmentation, the process of tracking the online activity of consumers and displaying banner ads to them that are related to their activity is known as

Behavioral targeting

Which of the following is most likely a social marketing campaign?

A department store distributing leaflets that illustrates the harmful effects of drug use

Purchaser

A family member who actually buys a product

Information gatherer

A family member who has interest and expertise in a particular purchase

Initiator

A family member who is the first to identify a need or the start the purchase process

Decision maker

A family member who makes the final choice in the purchase process

Influencer

A family member who plays a large part in determining the criteria considered, the alternatives evaluated, and the final decision in the purchase process

User

A family member who utilizes the product that is bought

Spanish-language media

A marketer's attempt to target the Hispanic market in the United States will involve

Which is true of online advertising targeting gay consumers?

A number of corporations are adding content to appeal to GLBT people

Judaism

A religion in the United States that is followed by 2% of American adults and is unique as it has historically been an inseparable combination of religious and ethnic identity is

Traditionally, Americans have placed emphasis on what?

Abstinence, working hard, and religion

1. Christmas 2. Thanksgiving

According to the text, which of the following American holidays have a religious basis although religion may not longer be the central theme of the holiday

The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that describes whether a culture values physical accomplishments or nonphysical achievements.

Active/passive

Parts of the South and urban areas of the Northeast

African Americans

Which ethnic group in America roughly constitutes 13% of the American population and represents $1.1 trillion in buying power, being concentrated in the South and in the major metropolitan areas outside the South of the United States?

African Americans

Which of the following statements true about African American web users today?

African Americans spend more time surfing the Internet than the general population does

A group of persons who have experienced a common social, political, historical, and economic environment is known as a(n) _____ or a generation

Age cohort

In the context of marketing strategy, what is a total product?

All the characteristics of a product determined by the marketing mix

What are the traditional and current attitudes of Americans about change?

Americans have always been receptive to change

Since most Arab Americans are fed up with negative stereotypes and misrepresentations of their culture, it is important for marketers in the United States to

Approach the Arab American market with respect and accuracy

In the context of regional subcultures, the most effective marketing strategies are those that

Are based on small geographic regions

Honolulu

Asian Americans

The highest-educated and highest-income subculture in the United States is the

Asian-Americans

An _____ service is a peripheral activity that is performed to enhance a primary product or service.

Auxiliary

_____ are Americans who are characterized by high incomes, high education levels dual career households, time poverty, the "empty nest" phenomenon, and the concept of active retirement.

Baby boomers

Tacoda Systems tracks consumers' online activity and delivers specific banners based on that activity. This tracking and ad delivery system has been installed on almost 3,000 websites, and advertisers pay on a pay-for-performance basis, which means that advertisers pay Tacoda Systems only when a consumer clicks on their ad. The tracking of online activity and delivery of ads based on that activity is called _____.

Behavioral targeting

Creating satisfied customers in order to ensure future sales requires customers to

Believe that a brand offers superior value after they have used it

Which subculture in the United States has often been called the Christian Right, Religious Right, Fundamentalist Christians, Conservative Christians, and Evangelical Christians?

Born-again Christians

Marketers aggressively pursue children as consumers because

Brand loyalties developed at a young age produce long-term returns

How have cities in the United States attempted to tackle the problem of urban blight?

By attracting high-end developers and retailers to revitalize their neighborhoods

Since multi-item indexes were created to measure a person's or a family's overall social status within a community, they

Cannot reveal associations between individual status dimensions and the consumption of certain products

Among the important female market segments in the United States, the _____ segment has grown significantly in the past thirty years.

Career working women

_____ refers to marketing that connects a firm and its products to an issue or cause with the goal of enhancing sales or corporate image while benefiting the cause.

Cause marketing

A set of environment-oriented values that determines the extent to which a culture emphasizes personal and public hygiene.

Cleanliness

A person's perceived age that is a part of their self-concept is called

Cognitive age

A society that gives incentives and prestige to groups is most likely to value the other-oriented cultural value of

Collectivism

In the context of other-oriented cultural values, the path to success - whether by outdoing others or by allying with others - that is emphasized by a culture reveals its _____ orientation.

Competitive/cooperative

When members of the lower-upper class find that they are unable to be members of clubs exclusive to the upper-upper class or even be accorded the same level of social respect, they respond by engaging in _____ to demonstrate the extent of their wealth

Conspicuous consumption

The complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society is known as _____.

Culture

The difference between all the benefits derived from a total product and all the costs of obtaining those benefits is known as

Customer value

Product distribution is essential to the success of a marketing strategy because

Customers rarely go to great lengths to secure a particular brand and expect cross-channel options

Members of the _____ group in the American household life cycle produced a new phenomenon of a sizable number of middle-aged couple entering into parenthood for the first time

Delayed full nest I

In the process of market segmentation, which of the following is the step that comes after identifying customers with similar need sets that are related to a product?

Describing customers with similar needs in terms of their demographics

_____ are characterized by high ethnic diversity, declining divorce rates, economic uncertainty, and their inability to remember a time before computers and cell phones

Digital natives

Unlike social marketing, cause-related marketing

Directly benefits a company

In the United States, _____ is increasingly necessary to obtain a family wage job

Education

The factors that are strongly associated with occupation are

Education and income

According to researchers, cultural creatives are Americans who _____

Embrace diversity, like foreign and exotic things, and value self-expression

Middle-aged (35 to 64) married Americans who have no children living at home from the _____ segment of the American household life cycle?

Empty nest I

Tyrone and Cristina have been married for 40 years, and they are both in their 70s. Their children have already married and left home, and two of them often take their grandchildren on vacations. To which group of the household life cycle do they most belong to?

Empty nest II

_____ refers to environmentally friendly marketing practices, strategies, and tactics that a firm employs to obtain an ambitious distinction

Enviropreneurial marketing

Subcultures whose members have unique shared behaviors that are based on a common national, language, or racial background are known as _____ subcultures.

Ethnic

Judeo-Christian heritage

Even though American culture is secular, most of its dominant traditions and values are derived from the _____ of most Americans.

Ferris Inc., an automobile manufacturer in the United States, started providing free test drives to African American university students as part of Black History Month to promote their electric car, Zencar, as an effective means to communicate with young African Americans. This is an example of

Event marekting

Hispanic consumers in the United States tend to be

Extremely brand loyal

True or false: Family purchase roles are not influences by the society a family belongs to

False

The process by which decisions that directly or indirectly involve two or more family members are made is referred to as

Family decision making

Cultures that value _____ are most likely to encourage people to live for the moment

Immediate gratification

Geographic concentration

In addition to using national as well as tribe-specific media targeted to Native Americans, marketers can easily access Native Americans due to their

Unlike stepfamilies, traditional families in the United States are dealing due to the

Increase in single-person households

The most likely reason that messy homes are becoming more acceptable in America is

Increased time demands caused by work

A narrow view of consumer behavior that centers on the purchaser and the immediate antecedents and outcomes of the buying process is unable to take into account the

Indirect influences on consumer selections

The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that describes whether a culture values individual initiative or cooperation with and conformity to a group.

Individual

In the context of self-oriented values, one of the major reasons that Americans work hard is their

Material orientation

What is the predominant subculture in the Hispanic market in the United States?

Mexican Americans

Which of the following are the primary consumers of all kinds of lessons like piano lessons, dance lessons, and gymnastic lessons, as well as metal care and a variety of snack foods in the United States?

Middle-aged married couples with children over age six living at home

In the American household life cycle, the _____ group compromises people who have never married and people who are divorced with no child-rearing responsibilities

Middle-aged single

To be kept waiting for a business appointment is considered offensive in _____ cultures.

Monochronic

Compared to whites, African Americans are

More influenced by mass media ads

What best describes the American approach to either an active or passive life?

Most Americans take an active approach to both leisure and problem-solving activities

Even though factors like language, education, and income have changed for Hispanics across generations in the United States due to acculturation, marketers need to note that

Most Hispanic adults identify strongly with a Hispanic culture

In the process of market segmentation, marketers need to identify product-related need sets because

Most products in developed economies fulfill more than one need

One of the outcomes of designing marketing approaches to target major ethic subcultures is that

Multiethnic groups are often neglected or alienated by marketers

Cultures that often have more stringent packaging & environmental regulations for industries highly value

Nature

The interaction of a firm's marketing strategy with the consumer decision-making process determines its

Outcomes

Sanctions

Penalties for the violation of cultural norms

Which of the following is an accurate statement about nonverbal communication systems across cultures?

People often fail to recognize the specificity of these systems to a culture.

Americans are currently shifting to a focus on the environment-oriented value of

Performance

The degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society is known as

Power distance

The sum of money a person must pay to acquire the right to use a product is known as the product's

Price

The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that describes the extent to which people in a culture feel that they are either able to or unable to influence the outcome of events.

Problem solving/fatalistic

Americans are known to take great pride in their __________ cultural orientation, which has traditionally been valued and continues to be valued

Problem-solving

Anything a consumer acquires or might acquire to meet a perceived need is known as a

Product

In addition to adapting products to target African American consumers, marketers quite often

Promote products that satisfy the needs of all ethnic groups to African Americans

Which of the following is an accurate statement about social class systems?

Pure social classes do not exist in most industrialized societies

In contrast to collectivistic consumers, highly individualistic consumers are more likely to

React negatively to unsatisfactory purchases

Which of the following is an application of consumer behavior that protects consumers?

Regulatory policy

The extent to which daily activities in a culture are determined by spiritual ideology is reflected in the self-oriented cultural values of

Religiosity and secularism

The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that determines whether a culture appreciates or considers foolhardy people who endanger their status or wealth on a new venture.

Risk taking/security

Norms

Rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations

Among unmarried partner households, _____ can easily be targeted by marketers through specialized media

Same-sex couples

Since the government, political process, educational system, and social norms of America are not controlled by religious groups or guidelines, it is a(n) _____ society.

Secular

In the United States there is a strong emphasis on the environment-oriented cultural value of _____ because of the most recent economic recession.

Security

A portion of a larger market with similar needs that are somewhat different from the larger market is known as a market _____.

Segment

The consumer decision process, along with the experiences and acquisitions associated with it, affects the internal and external characteristics of consumers. What aspect of the consumer is most influenced by this?

Self-concept and lifestyle

Current American society's increasing secularism has led to the growing acceptance of the self-oriented cultural value of _____ despite the efforts of consumer and government agencies to curb it.

Sensual gratification

Members of a culture that place value on _____ rather than _____ would likely have advertisements that contain nudity and sex appeals.

Sensual gratifications; abstinence

The term that denotes whether a person is biologically a male or female is

Sex

In the household lifecycle, _____ consists of young (ages 18 to 34), unmarried people, who have no children

Single I

Single Americans over 64, who are generally retired, fall into the _____ category of the household life cycle

Single III

In the American household life cycle, the _____ stage includes young unmarried individuals with no children

Single parent I

Anya is a middle-aged, unmarried American which a successful career. She longed for a family of her own, and so she decided to adopt a child from her native country and raise him as her own. Which category of the household life cycle did she fall into after this decision?

Single parent II

Elements of demographics

Size, structure, distribution

Marketers have largely ignored the Buddhist consumers in the United States because of their

Small size and ethic diversity

A hierarchical division of a society into relatively distinct and homogeneous groups with respect to lifestyle attitudes, and values is known as a(n)

Social class system

More than any other product, marketers have been developing _____ that are unique to the Hispanic market in the United States

Specialty food products

Which of the following is an accurate statement about symbols?

Symbols like numbers, creatures, music, colors, and shapes have different interpretations across cultures

The success of a firm's marketing strategy depends on its marketing mix being consistent with the value _____ of its target market.

System

An _____ is a segment of a larger market on which a firm focuses its marketing strategies and tactics.

Target market

A generation in the United States that consists of people who were born between 1930 and 1945 and experienced World War II as children, with music and television being important parts of their lives, is

The Depression Generation

What is a common mistake that marketers make when communicating with the African American consumers?

The assume that consumers from an ethnic group are similar as the larger culture except for superficial differences

The competitors

The capabilities of present and future rivals

Which of the following is the market analysis component that includes consideration of the state of the economy, the physical environment, government regulations, and technological developments?

The conditions

The consumers

The consumption process of potential customers

Self-concept

The totality of a person's thoughts and feelings about him- or herself

One of the features of subcultures is that

Their members generally share beliefs and behaviors with the core culture

Ailing Outgoers

Their physical abilities are limited by their health problems, but they maintain a positive outlook that helps them remain active

Since there are different religions in the United States that prescribe different behaviors and values,

There are a number of religious subcultures in America

Multi-item indexes

These consider many variables simultaneously and weight these according to a scheme that mirrors societal perceptions

Single-item indexes

These estimate social status on the basis of a single dimension such as occupation, education, or income, and are usually lower in accuracy

Healthy Indulgers

They are healthy, both physically and mentally, and seek to enjoy life actively and independently

Which of the following statements about status-oriented societies are true?

They are more likely to prefer prestigious brand names

Healthy Hermits

They are physically healthy but have reduced self-concept because of significant life events that have made them withdrawn

Identify an accurate statement about groups of customers with similar need sets.

They can have sharply different demographics

Frail Recluses

They have accepted their old age and have adjusted their lifestyles to mirror their decreased physical abilities and social roles

What is the significance of WASPs (white Anglo-Saxon Protestants) to the United States?

They have dominated the country historically in terms of wealth, power, and even population

Which of the following is an attribute of global youth?

They have many culturally specific behaviors and values

True or False: Differences in climatic conditions, natural environment and resources, characteristics of various immigrant groups settles in a geographic area, and significant social and political events cause distinct regional subcultures to arise.

True

True or false: Drinking alcohol and smoking cigars are examples of injurious consumption.

True

True or false: Purchases can increase a consumer's need rather than reduce it when he or she has a negative level of satisfaction

True

True or false: The percentage of African Americans adults that use the internet has historically been and continues to be less than that of the population as a whole.

True

Characteristics of the American _____ class include lack of education, marginal housing in unsafe neighborhoods, and high levels of injurious consumption

Upper-lower

An American social stratum that is highly visible and aspired to by many Americans is the _____ class, which makes it a significant positioning variable for affordable luxury products as seen in the upward-pull and class to mass marketing strategies

Upper-middle

The sponsors of major charitable events who often lead and fund community and civic activities and organizations belong to the _____ class in the United States

Upper-upper

In comparison to whites, African Americans are more likely to

Use shopping as a form of recreation

Beliefs that are widely held in a society and that are associated with desirable behavior are called cultural _____.

Values

The term "_____ _____" refers to the efforts to consumer to reduce their dependence on consumption and material possessions, particularly American consumers, in light of the recent recession

Voluntary simplicity

Multi-item indexes are unable to account for dual sources of status (both men and women) in American households because they

Were created before the role of women rapidly expanded

When are product modifications for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) consumers beneficial, or even necessary?

When it comes to areas such as television, marriage, and financial services

1. They highly value education 2. They value products with quality and durability 3. They emphasize financial security 4. They give a dominant role to husbands in family decisions

Which of the following are cultural traits that are shared by many Asian-Indian Americans in the United States?

1. Their degree of conservatism 2. The importance they attach to literal teachings

Which of the following are features that distinguish Muslim sects from each other in America?

Cultural values

Widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable in a culture

Skilled and semiskilled sales, service, and factory workers from the _____ class in the US

Working

Career working woman

Works and obtains satisfaction and meaning from it but doesn't enjoy household maintenance

Trapped working woman

Would rather stay at home but works due to financial necessity and family pressure and doesn't enjoy it

Trapped housewife

Would rather work but stays at home because of children and family pressure and does not enjoy it

People between the ages of 18 and 34 who are married or living together without any children belong to the _____ stage of the household life cycle

Young couples

Which of the following kind of people are found in the full nest I stage of the American household life cycle?

Young married couples with children

Unlike most other traditional societies, American culture has always valued

Youth

It is important for individuals in consumption societies to be aware of the marketing strategies and tactics that influence their decisions so as to

be more effective as consumers