Exam #1

What is the range of the pH scale?

1-14

How much more acidic is cheese (pH 4) than water (pH 7)?

1000x

What is normal on the pH scale?

7

If you compress a spring, what energy conversions are taking place?

A - Compressing the spring converts kinetic energy into potential energy.

Choose the pencil that has the lowest potential energy. 1. A pencil falling from your desk 2. A pencil hitting the ground after falling from your desk 3. A pencil on your desk 4. A pencil laying on the ground

A pencil laying on the ground

For what purpose does a plant use the sugars produced during photosynthesis? 1. For making cellulose, which makes the bulk of a plant 2. For cellular respiration to produce ATP 3. For storage 4. All of the above

All of the above

If you release the spring what energy conversions are taking place?

B - Releasing the spring converts potential energy into kinetic energy.

Prokaryotic cells are found in

Bacteria and Archaea

Why is whole wheat flour better for you than white flour?

C - Wheat flour is made up of bran and wheat germ which are rich in nutrients and fiber

Which organelles help provide energy for the cell?

Chloroplasts, Mitochondria

When water melts from a solid ice cube to a liquid, its volume ________ and its mass ________.

Decreases; stays the same

Are you a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

Eukaryote

Is a virus considered alive?

Is a virus considered alive?

Which of the following statements about living organisms is correct?

Living organisms can be recognized by their display of a series of common characteristics.

What harvests energy from food molecules to make ATP?

Mitochondria

Which of the following examples is considered a primary resource?

New England Journal Medicine

What organelles are involved in protein manufacture?

Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Ribosomes

Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of ________.

Oxygen

What are the four elements that make up the human body?

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, hydrogen

Characteristics of Life

Reproduction, Growth/Development, Energy Processing, complex structure, response to environment, evolution, made of cell(s)

Skin is sometimes referred to as the largest organ of the body. Why is skin considered to be an organ and not a tissue or some other structure? `

Skin consists of multiple tissue types that cooperate to perform a specific task.

Why do some leaves change color (red, yellow, orange, etc.) in the fall?

The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

Which stages of cellular respiration requires oxygen that you breathe?

The citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

Select the most complete explanation of what the pH scale measures.

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

role of cellular respiration

To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes

Can energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen?

Yes, but much less than with oxygen

What form of transport involves movement of substances against a concentration gradient from low to high?

active transport

What form of transport requires energy?

active transport

What are the first three levels of biological organization?

atoms, molecules, cells

blood solute concentration falls

blood cells enlarge from water entering

blood solute concentration rises

blood cells shrink from water leaving

The number of electrons of an atom determines its ________.

bonding properties

What can help reduce changes in pH?

buffers

How do buffers minimize change in the pH of biological systems?

by donating H+ ions when there is a shortage and absorbing them when there is excess

Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements.

carbon

What are the products of cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

what is the smallest unit of life?

cell

Which is the smallest level of biological organization to display all the characteristics of life?

cells

________ is the polysaccharide most commonly found in highly fibrous foods such as celery.

cellulose

Where does translation occur?

cytoplasm

What organelles provide shape/structure?

cytoskeleton, cell walls, Extracellular matrix

Forms of passive transport

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

What is the concept that unites all areas of biology?

evolution

What form of passive transport always requires membrane-bound proteins?

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following provide movement?

flagella and cilia

Which of the following bonds is the weakest?

hydrogen bond

Water is the least dense when it ________.

is frozen

Coconut oil is not considered to be a healthy oil such as olive oil because

it contains saturated fat

If you were looking at a cell under a powerful microscope, what would tell you that it is a eukaryotic cell?

it has a nucleus

On the pH scale, higher numbers are _______.

less acidic

Assume that you have collected 20 years of data on the total rainfall in your hometown. What kind of graph would be most appropriate to display the data?

line graph

Which of the following properties of life does a car NOT display?

made of cells

Mitochondria have an unusual characteristic for organelles that make them very useful in genetic studies. This characteristic is ________.

mitochondria contain their own DNA

On the pH scale, lower numbers are ________.

more acidic

Where does transcription occur?

nucleus

The process of science is rarely linear, but all scientific investigations start with _______________.

observations

What is the most common element in your body?

oxygen

What type of study would scientists use to test new medications on humans?

placebo controlled clinical study

Which characteristic of water enables it to have unique properties?

polarity

What are atoms composed of

protons, neutrons, electrons

Which of the following is a feature of pseudoscience?

relies on a single person

One difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat is

saturated fat is solid at room temperature

If a cell had a damaged central vacuole, it would have difficulty performing what function?

storing water

What are the prodcuts of photosynthesis?

sugar, oxygen

In the spring, a farmer divides a field into eight equal areas, and his wife gives him seven samples of different varieties of corn without identifying the varieties. He plants a different sample of corn seed in seven of the eight sections. In the fall, he measures the amount of corn harvested from each section. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

the amount of corn

To a large extent, a protein's function is dependent upon its shape. What determines a protein's shape?

the sequence of amino acids

Dependent Variable

the variable that is measured in an experiment

Which scientific idea is supported by a large body of evidence?

theory

How does water enter a plant?

through the roots

What is the role of light in photosynthesis?

to excite electons

Why do both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration?

to make ATP

What are the 2 functions of the cytoskeleton?

to provide a skeleton for the cell and provide a series of tracks for vesicles to move through

Ribosomes are directly associated with which process?

translation

What would happen if all the ribosomes in your cells disappeared?

translation and protein production would be disrupted

Independent Variable

variable that is changed in an experiment

Tiny acorns grow into huge oak trees. Where does all the mass of the adult tree come from?

water and air. (carbon dioxide)

Does cholesterol play a role in the plasma membrane of animal cells?

yes