exam 2
spongy bone
The type of bone that is composed of trabelulae
Sacral Coccygeal Lumbar Thoracic Cervical
list the five classes of vertebrae
exoocrine glands
have ducts to carry secretions to surfaces
tuberosity
larger rounded projection
process
prominent projection
fibroblasts
the majority of the cells in the dermis.
extracellular fluid, ground substance, and protein fibers.
what makes up extracellular matrix
palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet
where does not have hair
regeneration
In _____, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.
acromion
Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder.
Urea Ammonia Salts
compounds excreted in small amounts via sweat. Multiple select question.
mastoid process
?
occipital condyle
?
pelvic inlet
?
pubis
?
sacrum
?
sphenoid
?
spine of scapula
?
spinous process
?
squamous suture
?
styloid process
?
temporal bone
?
transverse process
?
vertebral foramen
?
fissure
cleft
hamulus
hook-shaped process
canal
tunnel
coronal
what suture is this
ischium
?
lacrimal
?
Iliac crest
?
Lateral condyle
?
Medial condyle of femur
?
Obturator foramen
?
Superior articular facet
?
coccyx
?
gelnoid cavity
?
greater tronchanter of femur
?
head of femur
?
ilium
?
nail root
A
long
A _____ bone is the traditional model for overall bone structure.
Elevation
A movement that raises a body part superiorly is called
fibrous
Any joint consisting of two bones joined by dense regular connective tissue without a joint cavity would be classified as a(n) ______ joint.
cuticle
B
hip
Because of its depth, which joint is a very stable ball-and-socket joint?
areolar
Binding of epithelia to deeper tissues and providing an arena for immune defense are functions of the loose connective tissue called
clot
Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of hematoma. Usually the blood in a hematoma forms a _____.
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells that produce and package matrix collagen and proteoglycans
clavicle and scapula
Bones of the pectoral girdle include
inorganic
By weight, mature bone matrix is mostly _____ material.
Areolar, adipose dense collagenous and elastic collagenous
CT proper
Fibers, glands, blood vessels and nerve endings
Choose the components of the dermis.
vitamin C
Collagen synthesis by osteoblasts require
tissues
Collections of specialized cells and extra-cellular substances around them are known as a(n)
cartilage
During endochondral ossification, bone is formed by the replacement of
Mesenchyme
Embryonic connective tissue
nail bed
F
elbow
Flexion and pronation are two movements allowed at the ______ joint
Flexion Supination Extension Pronation
Identify all of the types of movements allowed at the elbow joint.
Hair Glands Nails
Identify the accessory skin structures.
Hair Skin Cutaneous glands Nail
Identify the components of the integumentary system.
Tendons Bone Cartilage Ligaments
Identify the four components of the skeletal system.
Resistance to infection Sensation of environmental stimuli Thermoregulation
Identify the functions of the integumentary system.
A lower than normal concentration of calcium and phosphate in the blood A higher than normal concentration of calcium in the urine
If your patient had very low levels of vitamin D, what would you expect to find?
intramembranous
In ______ ossification, the bone matrix will surround the collagen fibers of a connective tissue membrane.
Zone of cell proliferation
In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?
simple squamous
Indicate the type of epithelium that is best suited for allowing diffusion of substances, as would be found lining the air sacs of the lungs.
nail matrix
J
cartilaginous
Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as ______ joints.
keratinocytes
Keratin, a protein associated with the skin, is produced by ______.
Synovial Mucous Serous
List the three major types of tissue membranes.
Reticular areolar Adipose
List the three types of loose connective tissue.
osteoblast activity
Mechanical stress applied to bone increases ______ _______ in bone tissue.
diarthrotic
Most synovial joints are functionally classified as ______.
circular
Movements involving moving around an axis or in an arc would be classified as ______ movements.
the dilation of blood vessels in the dermis
Muscle contraction during exercise increases body temperature which leads to the release of body heat via ______.
Elongated fibers (cells) that are specialized to contract
Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers?
stratum basale
Name the layer of cells found deep in a hair follicle (indicated by the arrow).
lateral border
Name this specific area of the scapula.
intercondylar fossa
Name this specific part of the femur.
joints and articulations
Places in the skeleton where bones meet are called ______.
orbit
Protection for the eyes and attachment points for muscles that move the eyes is provided by the bones that form the
Sweat and sebaceous glands
Select the major glands of the skin.
Papillary layer of dermis Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis
Select the regions that are composed of loose connective tissue
Glands Fibers Nerve fibers Blood vessels
Select all of the components of the dermis.
Melanocyte activity Genetics Melanin deposition
Select the factors that influence hair color.
stratified epithelial tissue secretions of sebaceous glands presence of components of the immune system
Skin features that help to protect the body from microorganisms include ______. Select all that apply.
hinge
The ankle joint is a modified. ________ joint
hyoid and auditory ossicles
The bones associated with the skull include the
exposure to extreme temperature exposure to chemicals exposure to radiation
The causes of burns include
cells die as they move away from their nutrient supply in the dermis
The cells in the most superficial layer of the skin are dead because _______.
paranasal sinuses
The chambers that add resonance to the voice and lighten the anterior portion of the skull are the
connective tissue
The class of tissue that consists of cells separated from each other by large amounts of extracellular matrix is called
perichondrium
The connective tissue covering cartilage
germ layers
The embryonic layers that give rise to all of the body's mature tissues are called ______.
promoting uptake of phosphate from intestines stimulating the uptake of calcium from the intestines.
The functions of vitamin D include ______.
acetabulum
The head of the femur articulates with the _________ of the hip bone
wrist bones
The head of the ulna articulates with the radius and ______.
vertebral arch
The laminae and pedicles of each vertebra form the vertebral ______.
foramen magnum
The large hole where the spinal cord enters the cranium
bones
The majority of calcium needed to maintain homeostasis is stored in the ______.
epidermis layer
The majority of cells found in the __________ are keratinocytes.
epidermis
The most superficial layer of skin is the _____.
lambdoid
The parietal bones are joined to the occipital bone by the _____ suture.
body
The part of a vertebra that is a mass of bone acting as the weight-bearing portion of the vertebra is the
bone remodeling
The process of ______ is important to change shapes of bones, adjust to bone stress, replace old bone matrix, and to facilitate repair of broken bone.
glenohumoral
The proper anatomical name for the shoulder joint is the ______ joint.
acetabulum
The stability of the hip joint is primarily due to the depth of the ______.
organs within the thorax spinal cord brain
The structures that are given protection by the axial skeleton are the _____.
adipose and loose connective tissue
The subcutaneous tissue is largely composed of
squamous
The suture that joins the parietal and temporal bones of the skull is the __________ suture
ilium, ischium, pubis
The three bones that fuse to form the hip (coxal) bones are
cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae
The three types of vertebrae of the vertebral column from C1-L5 are the
epithelial
The tissue type that covers and protects surfaces, both inside and outside the body is called
trochanters
The two large, rough processes that provide attachments for the hip muscles are the greater and lesser ______ of the femur
flexion and extension
The two primary movements allowed at the knee are
7
There are ___ cervical vertebrae
muscular tissue
This tissue is found attached to the skeleton, comprises the heart, and is found in the walls of the tubes in the body.
loose connective
Under a microscope, you observe a tissue that consists of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered cells. What type of tissue would you be observing?
the distribution of melanosomes the amount of melanin produced
Variations in skin color are determined by ______.
The female pelvis is wider and shallower. The female pelvis has larger pelvic inlet and outlet. The male pelvis is more massive and rougher.
What are some of the differences between the male and the female pelvis?
Secretion of substances Act as a barrier protect underlying structures absorption passage of substances
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
protection from physical injury attachment points for eye muscles
What are the functions of the bones of the orbit?
lamellae
What are the layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue called?
Trochanters
What are the two large, rough processes of the femur that provide attachments for the hip muscles?
frontal
What bone is this?
fluid
What forms the matrix of blood?
produces bone
What is the function of an osteoblast?
External auditory meatus
What is the large hole that transmits sound waves towards the tympanic membrane is called?
Collagen synthesis by osteoblasts requires vitamin C.
What is the role of vitamin C in skeletal development?
zygomatic proces
What process of the temporal bone extends anteriorly to form part of the zygomatic arch. Multiple choice question.
Inflammation
What process produces redness, swelling, heat, and pain in response to an injury?
nasal septum
What structure divides the nose into right and left halves?
collagen and elastic
What type of fibers are found in areolar connective tissue?
areolar
What type of tissue is a loose connective tissue that exhibits loosely organized fibers of all types, abundant blood vessels and many cell types?
It provides sites for muscle attachment. It protects the vital organs of the thorax. It forms a semi-rigid chamber that aides in respiration.
Which are functions of the thoracic cage?
Right and left coxal bones and sacrum
Which bones are included in the pelvic girdle?
facial
Which bones contain cavities for the eyes, nose, and mouth, and provide attachment sites for muscles of facial expression?
temporal
Which bones form the lateral walls and part of the floor of the cranial cavity?
Parietal bone Temporal bone
Which bones make up a largest part of the side of the head?
Intervertebral
Which foramen is an opening between the pedicles of two successive vertebrae? They allow passage of the spinal nerves.
nervous tissue
Which tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia?
flat bone
Which type of bone contains an interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone?
4
adult vertebral column has __ major curvatures
zygomatic arch
arch?
sinus
cavity
Pronation Rotation Circumduction
circular synovial movement
lingula
flat, tongue-shaped process
blood and hemopoietic tissue
fluid CT
appositional
he only type of growth to occur in mature bone, bone increases in size and thickness
no
is blood a supportive connective tissue?
scapulocostal
joint is between the shoulder blade and ribs.
symphysis
joints consisting of fibrocartilage uniting two bones allowing limited or no movement
Sychondrosis
joints consisting of hyaline cartilage between two bones allowing limited or no movement
synovial
joints separated by a narrow, fluid-filled space allowing for significant mobility
interstitial growth
occurs only in immature bone (before the epiphyseal plate closes)
short bones
round or nearly cube-shaped bones
endocrine glands
secrete hormones into blood.
bone and cartilage
supportive connective tissue
tubercle
small, rounded projection
dense
tendons and ligaments are comprised of ______ connective tissue.
Sacroiliac joint
the joint between the sacrum and the ilium
cranium
the structure responsible for protecting the brain and the organs responsible for vision, hearing, smell and taste.
5
there are __ lumbar vertebrae
12
there are __ thoracic vertebrae
flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
types of angular movements
ethmoid bone(s) mandible bone(s) sphenoid bone(s) frontal bone(s) occipital bone(s)
unpaired bones
occipital
what bone?
palatine
what bone?
sphenoid
what bone?
vomer
what bone?
zygomatic
what bone?
bone cells and matrix
what do bones consist of
septal cartilage the vomer the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
what does the nasal septum include?