exam 2 Questions

All of the following individuals would likely be considered a compliance professional EXCEPT... A. A sales representative B. A political lobbyist C. A fundraiser D. A telephone operator

D. A telephone operator

33. The research finding that people tend to respond more postivley to indications that another person shares their attitudes, beliefs, and interests while they respond negatively to indicatorsthat another person differs from in terms of attitudes beliefs and interests is known as.... a. the similarity-dissimilarity effect b. the affect centered model c. balance theory d. the repeated exposure effect

a. the similarity-dissimilarity effect

Which of the following illustrations serves as the BEST example Where there is a gap between our attitudes and behavior? a. Roz tells her boyfriend she is extremely excited to see the new James bond movie, even though she truly dreads to see the film. b. Hank wants to move into a new apartment, but doesn't have the money to move. C. Craig tells his father that he plans to do his homework, but fails to do so when the power goes out minutes later d. peter tells his friends that his favorite baseball team is the new York Yankees, even though he only attended a few games last season

a. Roz tells her boyfriend she is extremely excited to see the new James bond movie, even though she truly dreads to see the film.

a message intended to reduce cheating among highschool students is more likely to be effective if it is delivered by.... a. an attractive and popular student b. a local politician c. a elderly teacher d. none of these

a. an attractive and popular student

37. Marisa has realtionships with men in which she feels worthy, but inevitably hs low expectations of the relationship,leading her to fear genuine closeness. Marisa has.... Attachement style. a. dismissing b. secure c. preoccupied d. fearful-avoidant

a. dismissing

29. Men tend to view women attractive if they... a. have either "childlike" or mature features b. have mature by not "childlike features" c. have "child like" but not mature features d. do not have a small nose and chin

a. have either "childlike" or mature features

26. Proximity is important to attraction because.... a. repeated exposure tends to produce favorable evaluations b. areas of dissimilarity are less likely to exist c. if allows negative attitudes to dissipate over time d. observable characteristics become more pronounced

a. repeated exposure tends to produce favorable evaluations

28. Tomas is beginning his first year of college. Since one of his goals is to meet people make new friends his classes, Tomas would be well-advised to... a. sit between other students in his class whenever possible b. sit in the back of the room so he can take notes quietly c. sit in the front of the classroom and on the end of a row d. spend as much time as possible interacting with the instructor

a. sit between other students in his class whenever possible

using subjective measurement scales when making comparisons between members of different groups can result in.... a. within group comparisons b. shifting standards c. benevolent sexism d. social creativity

b. shifting standards

in Milgram's (1965) experiment in which research participants were ordered to deliver dangerous electrical shocks to individuals who made mistakes in learning word pairs, ....... of the participants showed total obedience by delivering 450-volt shocks to the learners. a. 50 percent b. 65 percent c. 85 percent d. 10 percent

b. 65 percent

Wendy, Greta, Tom and Bill all have made new year's resolutions to lose weight. Based on the information below, which of them is MOST likely to lose weight? a. Tom, who tells others he wants to lose weight but tells others that he really doesn't understand why people make such a fuss over diet and exercise b. Greta, who intends to dramatically reduce her fat intake and tells others that she is greatly committed to her diet c. Bill, who feels it is important to cut back his calorie intake but is unsure that he will need to increase his exercise d. Wendy, who appreciates the importance of regular exercise but says its difficult to find the time to do so

b. Greta, who intends to dramatically reduce her fat intake and tells others that she is greatly committed to her diet

according to the process of instrumental conditioning, behavior will often be displayed by an individual if... a. a preceded pleasant subliminal stimulus follows b. it is reinforced c. it is preceded by a pleasant stimulus d. it is ignored

b. it is reinforced

32. people who share similar attitudes and beliefs are..... to like eachother. a. less likely b. more likely c. unlikely

b. more likely

Subliminal conditioning.... a. is rarely used in deception experiments b. occurs below the threshold of conscious awareness of its content c. cannot occur d. is a type of instrumental conditioning

b. occurs below the threshold of conscious awareness of its content

The mechanism by which we compare ourselves to other people to determine whether or not out perception of social reality is correct is known as.... a. impression manifestation b. other comparison c. societal comparison b. social comparison

b. social comparison

one reason that people are willing to obey persons in authority who order them to engage in destructive behaviors is that..... a. authority figures are selected on the basis of their superior knowledge and understanding in most situations b. the authority figure relieves those who obey of responsibility for their actions c. the authority figure represents a significant threat to those who do not obey

b. the authority figure relieves those who obey of responsibility for their actions

Barriers based on attitudes and organizational biases that may prevent qualified women from reaching high-level positions in the work place are known as.... a. tokenism b. the glass-ceiling effect c. gender stereotypes d. shifting standards

b. the glass-ceiling effect

46. Jack agreed to purchase a new car for $18,000. However, just before he gets ready to sign the contract, the salesman tells Jack that the sales manager will not approve the amount allowed for his trade-in and the contract will have to be higher, probably around $19,000. Jack has been a victim of.... a. the door in the face technique b. the lowball technique c. the that's not all technique d. the playing hard to get

b. the lowball technique

Very brief exposures to faces of people from different ethnic backgrounds (about whom one as a negative attitude) frequently causes people to respond faster to words with negative meanings than to words with positive meanings. This technique or type of research is known as.... a. a bogus pipeline b. implicit racism c. a bona fide pipeline d. category activation

c. a bona fide pipeline

35. from a evolutionary perspective, an adaptive response is.... a. any behavioral tendency that diminishes the odds of others reproductive success b. any physical characteristic or behavioral tendency that enhances the transmission of cultural information to successive generations c. any physical characteristic or behavioral tendency that enhances the odds of reproductive success

c. any physical characteristic or behavioral tendency that enhances the odds of reproductive success

gender stereotypes are.... a. inaccurate representations of men and women b. inaccurate and accurate beliefs about women c. beliefs about the characteristics of women and men d. inaccurate categorizations of men only

c. beliefs about the characteristics of women and men

44. one frequently use impression management technique is ingratiation. This involves.... a. first beginning with a small request, then escalating to larger request after the first one has been granted b. first beginning with a very large request, then making a much smaller but desired after the first request has been refused. c. first inducing the target person to like you, then attempting to change the persons behavior in a desired direction

c. first inducing the target person to like you, then attempting to change the persons behavior in a desired direction

Being forewarned of the persuasive intent of a message will frequently help people resist the effects of the message. This is because.... a. forewarning decreased the likelihood of reactance b. forewarning allows us to tune out of the message completely c. forewarning allows us greater opportunity to create counterarguments

c. forewarning allows us greater opportunity to create counterarguments

The contact hypothesis is based on the idea that.... a. contact between members of different social groups has no long-lasting effect on the level of prejudice experienced by group members b. prolonged contact with prejudiced members of society will increase ones own level of prejudice between the groups c. increased contact between members of different social groups can help reduce prejudice between the groups

c. increased contact between members of different social groups can help reduce prejudice between the groups

36. The degree of security an individual feels in interpersonal realtionships is reffered to as her or his... a. Mother-infant bonding b. Basic attitudes toward interactions c. Level of misanthropy d. Attachment style

d. Attachment style

The social group to which an individual belongs to is known as.... a. a disadvantaged group b. a subordinate group c. an out-group d. an in-group

d. an in-group

38. according to research, men, more than females, seek... symmetry in facial features. a. vertical b. unilateral c. visual d. bilateral

d. bilateral

The central route to persuasion involves.... a. voluntary suspension of disbelief b. emotional reactance c. rules of thumb and mental short cuts to making a decision about the message d. careful consideration of the ideas contained by a message

d. careful consideration of the ideas contained by a message

Jenna saw in the paper that department sore was having a one day closeout of winter dresses sale. if she goes to that sale and buys something, she will victim of the.... a. lowball procefure b. face-in-the door technique c. foot-in the door technique d. playing hard to get technique e. deadline technique

e. deadline technique

47. the playing hard to get technique is based on the ... priniciple of compliance. a. authority b. scarcity c. social validation d. friendship/liking

b. scarcity

27. The finding that frequent contact with a mildly negative, neutral, or positive stimulus results in increasingly positive evaluations of that stimulus is known as.... a. an adaptive response b. the repeated exposure effect c. the affect centered model d. the proportion of similarity

b. the repeated exposure effect

We tend to identify with groups to which we belong and this identification with a group raises our self-esteem. As a result, we frequently see other groups as being .... to our own group. a. irrelevant b. equivalent c. inferior d. unimportant

c. inferior

a form of social learning that occurs when responses to a particular stimulus lead to positive outcomes or allow the person to avoid negative outcomes is called.... a. classical conditioning b. social learning outcomes c. instrumental conditioning d. observational learning

c. instrumental conditioning

40. The type of social influence when one person orders another person some action and the other person complies is known as.. a. conformity b. compliance c. obedience d. ingratiation

c. obedience

The idea that prejudice is caused by direct competition between social groups for scarce resourcesis known as.... a. social identity theory b. contact hypothesis c. realistic conflict theory d. ultimate attribution error

c. realistic conflict theory

42. people typically lower their voice in the library or in a hospital room and talk louder in a sports arena because of.... a. descriptive norms b. injunctive norms c. situational norms d. conformity pressure

c. situational norms

attitudes influence.... a. neither thought nor social behavior b. antisocial thought only c. social thought and social behavior d. social behavior only

c. social thought and social behavior

41.injunctive norms... a. determines the ways in which we interact with other people b. are unspoken, implicit standards for behavior c. specify what we ought to do in a particular situation

c. specify what we ought to do in a particular situation

Cognitive Dissonance is... a. the process of changing our attitudes to avoid unwanted views of ourselves b. The process used to overcome or avoid the effects of a strong argument when it is opposed to our strongest attitudes c. the negative internal state that results from noticing the differences between our attitudes and our behaviors

c. the negative internal state that results from noticing the differences between our attitudes and our behaviors

34. According to the balance theory, imbalance exists when.... a. two people like each other and discover they are similar in some way b. one person likes the other and the other person dislikes or is neutral toward the first c. two people like each other and discover they are dissimilar in some way

c. two people like each other and discover they are dissimilar in some way

encouraging the majority of members to think about the advantages they have enjouyed as a result of their majority status increases their.... which in turn ..... racism. a. individual guilt; reduces b. collective guilt; increases c. collective guilt and individual guilt; has no effect on d. collective guilt; reduces

d. collective guilt; reduces

39. The type of social influence in which individuals change either thei attitudes or behavior to adhere to exisiting social norms is known as... a. cohesiveness b. obedience c. compliance d. conformity

d. conformity

providing members of a group with less favorable treatment because of their group membership is known as .... a. bias b. prejudice c. tokenism d. discrimination e. stereotyping

d. discrimination

An anti-smoking advertisement That features photographs of diseased lungs, people using oxygen tanks to offset the effects of lung disease, and funerals, but doesn't include any information about quitting smoking, is likely to be ineffective because.... a. it will probably violate the social norms b.it will probably trivialize the consequences of smoking c. it will create cognitive dissonance in viewers d. it will probably induce too much fear

d. it will probably induce too much fear

Attributing bigoted opinions to sources other than prejudice and/or expressing biased attitudes in some "safe" areas but not publicly is a park of .... a. categorization b. implicit associations c. reverse discrimination d. modern racism

d. modern racism

30. Researches have digitally combined multiple faces to create a composite image. This "averaged" face is typically rated as..... a. less attractive than the faces used to create it b. average in terms of attractiveness c. unrecognizable d. more attractive than the faces used to create it

d. more attractive than the faces used to create it

attitudes are.... a. The process by which we adjust or adapt our behavior to particular circumstances b. the mechanisms we use to reduce dissonance c. an evaluation of ourselves d. our evaluation of different aspects of the social world

d. our evaluation of different aspects of the social world

31. Before going out on his date, Jon watched a portion of TV show in which there were many attractive women. When he picked up his date, for some reason she did not seem as attractive as she did in the past. This situation illustrates the operation of.... a. the dating-rating effect b. the mere exposure effect c. the conflict effect d. the contrast effect

d. the contrast effect

45. one technique used for seeking compliance form others involves making a small request first, then making a larger request that is actually desired after compliance with the smaller request has been obtained. This is known as.... a. ingratiation b. the fast-approaching deadline technique c. the lowball procedure d. the foot-in-the door technique

d. the foot-in-the door technique

....ofte3n refers to the practice of hiring one, or small number of individuals from a particular group, in order to demonstrate that no discrimination is being directed toward that group. a. shifting standards hostile sexism c. reverse discrimination d. tokenism

d. tokenism