exam 2

A colleague asks you how to proceed from stating research hypotheses to obtaining scores in a quantitative study. List the steps below in order:

1. identify variables 2. operationally define 3. locate instruments 4. collect date

What is the target range for the final number of codes to have in a qualitative study?

20 to 30

You are reading a research report summarizing the findings for a study of first-year teacher anxiety in the classroom. You read the following results:"The average score for teachers on all items on the anxiety instrument was 65.76 with a standard deviation of 5.6. The scores varied from a low of 45 to a high of 75 on the instrument."What type of research question would likely result in this type of statement?

A descriptive question measuring the anxiety of teachers

Which of the following is the best example of a document collected by qualitative researchers?

A journal of experiences

Snowball sampling is illustrated with which of the following procedures?

a researcher asks a principal to have her teachers fill out instruments

Various forms of evidence can be used to establish the validity of scores on an instrument. Which of the following forms is a source of validity evidence that you might use?

evidence based on the relationship of test scores to external variables

If a researcher sets the alpha at .05 and obtains a p value of .06, this means that a null hypothesis would

fail to be rejected

The null hypothesis states that there IS a difference between the two variables or groups that are being compared.

false

You should not tell the participant the purpose of the study during an interview.

false

What are the advantages of using focus groups in qualitative research?

interaction yields useful information

The Kudar-Richardson split half test is used to measure the __________ of items on an instrument.

internal consistency

In a qualitative research report, the findings are reported in a

narrative discussion.

The initial step in using qualitative data analysis software is to

organize the files for analysis

When inspecting data, we examine the database for scores that are

outside of the accepted range

When writing a narrative discussion in a qualitative study, which of the following points is most important?

report multiple perspectives

The point at which themes are fully developed and new evidence is not likely to provide additional themes is

saturation

What is the most rigorous sampling procedure that a quantitative researcher could use?

simple random sampling

Which one of the following sampling procedures illustrates nonprobability sampling?

students are sampled based on availability to complete the instrument

One of the greatest disadvantages of conducing telephone interviews is that

the researcher may not be able to understand the interviewee's perceptions as well

Which of the following types of participant would likely be considered vulnerable by an institutional review board?

Pregnant women

Which of the following is a way to avoid the problem of multiple comparisons?

Specifying hypotheses before analysis and testing (THIS IS CORRECT)

What is the difference between a good example of description and a poor example?

The good example transports you to the setting.

Which of the following best describes a "gatekeeper" in qualitative research?

The individual who helps locate people and provides entrance to the site

What type of ethical issues does collecting e-mail messages introduce in qualitative research?

Whether permission to use the email in research has been granted

Which one of the following provides a good reason for why qualitative researchers select only a few participants?

With each additional participant, less depth is possible

If you were to identify codes to use in the study of an elementary classroom, which one of the following is the least likely code that you might use?

a code word from a website about teaching

Which of the following factors is most important to consider in selecting an appropriate statistical test for a quantitative study?

How many independent variables are in the data

What does the term, "simultaneous" mean in the process of qualitative data analysis?

Analyzing data, collecting data, and writing a description at the same time

An individual who has completed your research survey instrument has not responded to question 10 and has chosen to leave it blank. For purposes of quantitative data analysis, what is the best way to address this issue?

Assign a value for missing information such as a —999.

Which of the following points is most important when conducting qualitative interviews?

Audio-record the questions and responses.

Why it is important to check for effect size in addition to hypothesis testing?

Effect size tells you the strength of the difference

A researcher decides to study one individual, a painter, who has distinguished herself for painting about children on the playground. What form of qualitative purposeful sampling would this represent?

Extreme case sampling

Which of the following validation strategies involves the researcher asking one or more participants in the study to check the accuracy of the account?

Member checking

Which of the following is a potential problem with systematic sampling?

adjacent names in a list cannot be selected

You are administering an instrument about weapon possession to high school students in a drama class. As you give instructions for completing the instrument, several students interrupt you and say that they will not complete the instrument. What should be your course of action?

allow them to not participate in the study

The best type of instrument for a quantitative study examining the relationship between student discipline problems and teachers' view of the teaching profession would be:

an attitudinal measure

You decide to locate an instrument to use in your quantitative study. The following are recommended strategies to use to locate this instrument except to

ask your faculty advisor to recommend an instrument

A quantitative researcher uses a data analysis computer program to sort the values of each variable into ascending order. The intent of this procedure is typically to

clean up the data

Which of the following is not included in the discussion section of a qualtitative research report?

codes used in the data analysis

The standard deviation tells us

dispersion of scores