istm exam #3 review!
anomaly detection
the process of identifying rare or unexpected items or events in a data set that do not conform to other items in the data set
classification analysis
the process of organizing data into categories or groups for its most effective and efficient use
procurement
the purchasing of goods and services to meet the needs of the supply chain
What is inventory cycle time?
the time it takes to manufacture a product and deliver it to the retailer
Managers use __________ information when making structured decisions at the operational level, such as when analyzing daily sales reports to determine how much inventory to carry.
transactional
inadequate data usefulness
users could not get the data they needed; what was collected was not always useful for intended purposes
RFID
uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances - supports logistics
behavioral analysis
using data about people's behaviors to understand intent and predict future actions
What is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of computing resources, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or network resources? virtualization velocity veracity distributed computing
virtualization
_________ is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of computing resources, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or network resources. Distributed Big data Virtualization
virtualization
__________ analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation.
web analytics
What is the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing? (A)data aggregation (B) dirty data (C) data repository (D) data cleansing
(A) Data aggregation
What is an individual item on a graph or a chart? (A) data broker (B) dirty data (C) data lake (D) data point
(D) data point
executive information system
- market sales outlook - industry sales outlook
transaction processing system
- order entry - payroll
decision support system
- sales data analysis - manufacturing data analysis
managerial decision making
- semistructured decision - manager - internal cross-functional focus - determining sales forecasts - analyzing impact of past month
operational decision making
- structured decision - staff - internal functional focus - reordering inventory - creating the employee weekly staffing schedule - creating the employee weekly production schedule
strategic decision making
- unstructured decision - long-term multiyear time frame focus - external focus across industry - deciding to enter a new market - deciding to enter a new industry over the next 3 years
disruptive SCM technologies
3D printing RFID drones robotics
competitive monitoring
A company keeps tabs of its competitor's activities on the web using software that automatically tracks all competitor website activities such as discounts and new products.
3D printing
A process that builds—layer by layer in an additive process—a three-dimensional solid object from a digital model. - supports procurement
optimization model
A statistical process that finds the way to make a design, system, or decision as effective as possible, for example, finding the values of controllable variables that determine maximal productivity or minimal waste.
machine learning
A type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn.
social media analysis
Analyzes text flowing across the Internet, including unstructured text from blogs and messages
What is a central location in which data is stored? (A) dirty data (B) data aggregation (C) data warehouse (D) repository
D repository
_________ -mining tools use a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information that predict future behavior and guide decision making. Web Driven Data
Data
variety
Different forms of structured and unstructured data - data from spreadsheets and databases as well as from email, videos, photos, PDFs, all of which must be analyzed
______ data is erroneous or flawed data.
Dirty
What is extraction, transformation, and loading?
It is a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms it using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads it into a data warehouse.
weak AI
Machines can simulate human thought process - show 'as if' they can think but cannot really think. However, simulation is useful for the study of the mind.
Which of the following is a reason why managerial decision making is challenging?
Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies, to make decisions.
data visualization tool
Moves beyond Excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as pie charts, controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more.
What is not a reason for the growth of decision-making information systems?
People no longer have to worry about protecting the corporate asset of organizational information.
Select the three characteristics of online transactional processing.
Processes the information according to defined business rules Updates existing information to reflect the new information Stores the information
velocity
The analysis of streaming data as it travels around the Internet - analysis necessary of social media messages spreading daily
poor data quality
The data, if available, were often incorrect or incomplete. Therefore, users could not rely on the data to make decisions
volume
The scale of data - includes enormous volumes of data generated daily - massive volume created by machines and networks - big data tools necessary to analyze zettabytes and brontobytes
veracity
The uncertainty of data, including biases, noise, and abnormalities - uncertainty or untrustworthiness of data - data must be meaningful to the problem being analyzed - must keep data clean and implement processes to keep dirty data from accumulating in systems
business intelligence dashboard
Tracks corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and includes advanced capabilities such as interactive controls, allowing users to manipulate data for analysis.
True or false: Algorithms are mathematical formulas placed in software that performs an analysis on a data set.
True
True or false: Decisions range from routine choices, such as how many items to order or how many people to hire, to unexpected ones such as what to do if a key employee suddenly quits or needed materials do not arrive. Today, with massive volumes of information available, managers are challenged to make highly complex decisions—some involving far more information than the human brain can comprehend—in increasingly shorter time frames.
True
Which of the following questions can procurement help a company answer?
What quantity of raw materials should we purchase to minimize spoilage? How can we guarantee that our raw materials meet production needs? At what price can we purchase materials to guarantee profitability?
data broker
a business that collects personal information about consumers and sells that information to other organizations
repository
a central location in which data is stored and managed
time series chart
a chart is a graphical representation showing change of a variable over time
bar chart
a graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent
histogram
a graphical display of data using bars of different heights grouped into ranges
extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL)
a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms it using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads it into a data warehouse
information cleansing or scrubbing
a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information
sparkline
a small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend
prediction
a statement about what will happen or might happen in the future, for example, predicting future sales or employee turnover
regression model
a statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables. includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables
data lake
a storage repository that holds a vast amount of raw data in its original format until the business needs it
data map
a technique for establishing a match, or balance, between the source data and the target data warehouse
cluster analysis
a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible
Materials Management
activities that govern the flow of tangible, physical materials through the supply chain such as shipping, transport, distribution, and warehousing
Data _______ is the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing. aggregation extraction and load transformation and load
aggregation
What are mathematical formulas placed in software that performs an analysis on a data set? outlier fast data anomaly detection algorithms
algorithms
data point
an individual item on a graph or a chart
drones
an unmanned aircraft that can fly autonomously, or without a human - supports logistics
Which is not a type of organizational information system?
analysis processing system
Online ____________ processing is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making.
analytical
how would the airlines industry use business intelligence
analyze popular vacation locations with current flight listings
web analysis
analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation
text analysis
analyzes unstructured data to find trends and patterns in words and sentences
_________ intelligence simulates human thinking and behavior, such as the ability to reason and learn.
artificial
selling chain management
automates order processes from initial customer inquiry to final product delivery
what is the process of learning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human and organization situations?
biomimicry
How do decision-making information systems work?
by building models out of organizational information to lend insight into important business issues and opportunities
What can an information systems model accomplish?
calculate risks, understand uncertainty, manipulate time
__________ is a form of data mining that assigns records to one of a predefined set of classes.
classification
Which of the following are common forms of data mining analysis?
classification, estimation, clustering
data mart
contains a subset of data warehouse information
__________ are the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies.
critical success factors
A(n) ________ is the common term for the representation of multidimensional information. cube square collection
cube
What is the ultimate outcome of a data warehouse?
data marts
What uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information that predict future behavior and guide decision making? classification analysis cluster analysis data mining tools time-series information
data mining tools
What uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information that predict future behavior and guide decision making? data mining tools time-series information classification analysis cluster analysis
data mining tools
What is the process of sharing information to ensure consistency between multiple data sources? data point data replication data profiling data source
data replication
What is an organized collection of data? data broker data point data set data lake
data set
outlier
data value that is numerically distant from most of the other data points in a set of data
problem identification
define the problem as clearly and precisely as possible
data visualization
describes technologies that allow users to see or visualize data to transform information into a business perspective
Computer-aided _________/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems are used to create the digital designs and then manufacture the products. design movement makerspace
design
solution generation
detail every solution possible, including ideas that seem farfetched
data quality audits
determine the accuracy and completeness of its data
correlational analysis
determines a statistical relationship between variables, often for the purpose of identifying predictive factors among the variables
estimation analysis
determines values for an unknown continuous variable behavior or estimated future value
__________ computing processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment. Distributed Centralized Query
distributed
What processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment? extraction, transformation, and loading information cleansing distributed computing
distributed cleansing
What processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment? distributed computing information cleansing extraction, transformation, and loading
distributed computing
Where would you find the customers' customer in a typical supply chain?
downstream
What is an unmanned aircraft that can fly autonomously, or without a human? drone RFID 3D printing robotics
drone
which of the following is a problem associated with dirty data?
duplicate dat, non-formatted data, violates business rules data, nonintegrated data
drill down
enables users to view details, and details of details, of information
dirty data
erroneous or flawed data
solution test
evaluate solutions in terms of feasibility, suitability, and acceptability
inconsistent data
every department had its own method for recording data so when trying to share info, data did not match and users didn't get the data they needed
A(n) ________ information system is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight.
executive
What is a type of organization information systems?
executive information system, decisions support system, transactional processing system
What are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems?
expert systems
what is a data scientist?
extracts knowledge from data by performing statistical analysis, data mining, and advanced analytics on big data to identify trends, market changes, and other relevant information
robotics
focuses on creating artificial intelligence devices that can move and react to sensory input - supports materials management
Which type of AI system assigns values of 0 and 1 to vague or ambiguous information?
fuzzy logic
data collection
gather problem-related data, including who, what, where, when, why, and how. Be sure to gather facts, not rumors or opinions about the problem
_________ algorithm is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.
genetic
What is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display?
google glass
__________ uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket.
haptic interface
Radio-frequency ________ uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances. movement identification manufacturing
identification
exploratory data analysis
identifies patterns in data, including outliers, uncovering the underlying structure to understand relationships between the variables
source data
identifies the primary location where data is collected
solution implementation
if the solution solves the problem, then the decisions made were correct. If not, then the decisions were incorrect and the process begins again
Which of the following are the reasons business analysis is difficult from operational databases?
inconsistent data definitions, lack of data standards, inadequate data usefulness
supply chain event mgmt (SCEM)
increases real-time info sharing among supply chain partners focusing on reducing response time to unexpected events
What presents the results of data analysis, displaying the patterns, relationships, and trends in a graphical format? analysis paralysis data artist infographics analytics
infographics
A(n) ______ agent is a special-purpose knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users.
intelligent
________ includes the processes that control the distribution, maintenance, and replacement of materials and personnel to support the supply chain. Procurement Logistics Cradle-to-Grave
logistics
Todd Haitz works at a retail store selling sports equipment. His daily tasks include opening the store, creating the work schedules, processing payroll, overseeing sales and inventory, and training employees. At what level of the organizational pyramid would you categorize Todd?
managerial
lack of data standards
managers need to perform cross-functional analysis using data from all departments, which differed in granularities, formats, and levels
What is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality?
model
ineffective direct data access
most data stored in operational databases did not allow users direct access; users had to wait to have their queries or questions answered by MIS professionals who could code SQL
_________ network is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works.
neural
analysis paralysis
occurs when the user goes into an emotional state of over-analysis (or over-thinking) a situation so that a decision or action is never taken, in effect paralyzing the outcome
What is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making?
online analytical processing (OLAP)
What is the capture of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, and (3) update existing information to reflect the new information?
online transaction processing (OLTP)
At the ___________ level, employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations.
operational
Key performance indicators are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors. Which one of the following is a key performance indicator?
percentage of help-desk calls answered in the first minute
How would the technology industry use business intelligence?
predict hardware failures
forecasting model
predictions based on time-series information allowing users to manipulate the time series for forecasting activities
Recall the decision-making process highlighted in your text. Which of the following represents the first step in the process?
problem identification
Logistics
processes that control the distribution, maintenance, and replacement of materials and personnel to support the supply chain
What is the purchasing of goods and services to meet the needs of the supply chain? logistics procurement cradle-to-grave 3D printing
procurement
Three business areas of supply chain mgmt
procurement logistics materials management
Data ________ is the process of collecting statistics and information about data in an existing source. mining profiling prediction
profiling
collaborative demand planning
reduces inventory investments, while improving customer satisfaction
collaborative engineering
reduces product development costs
strong AI
refers to the field of AI that works toward providing brainlike powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans
Data ______ is the process of sharing information to ensure consistency between multiple data sources. profiling replication classification
replication
A(n) __________ is a central location in which data is stored. data set data point repository
repository
affinity grouping analysis
reveals the relationship between variables along with the nature and frequency of the relationships
What focuses on creating artificial intelligence devices that can move and react to sensory input? Radio-frequency identification Drone Robotics
robotics
pivot
rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data
solution selection
select the solution that best solves the problem and meets the needs of the business
Decision making is a challenging task. Which of the following employees typically do not make operational decisions?
senior management
What identifies the primary location where data is collected? dirty data data lake source data data point
source data
Operational decisions are considered ___________, which arise in situations in which established processes offer potential solutions.
structured decisions
Which of the following are included in a typical supply chain?
supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailer, customer
What determines how to structure a supply chain including the product, selection of partners, the location and capacity of warehouses, transportation methods, and supporting management information systems? supply chain design supply chain planning system supply chain visibility
supply chain design
Which of the following are included in the areas extending the supply chain?
supply chain management selling chain management collaborative engineering collaborative demand planning
slice-and-dice
the ability to look at information from different perspectives
consolidation
the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information
The factor that significantly contributed to people's needs to use information systems to make decisions is __________.
the amount of information people must understand to make good decisions is increasing exponentially
pattern recognition analysis
the classification or labeling of an identified pattern in the machine learning process
data aggregation
the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing
speech analysis
the process of analyzing recorded calls to gather information