istm exam #3 review!

anomaly detection

the process of identifying rare or unexpected items or events in a data set that do not conform to other items in the data set

classification analysis

the process of organizing data into categories or groups for its most effective and efficient use

procurement

the purchasing of goods and services to meet the needs of the supply chain

What is inventory cycle time?

the time it takes to manufacture a product and deliver it to the retailer

Managers use __________ information when making structured decisions at the operational level, such as when analyzing daily sales reports to determine how much inventory to carry.

transactional

inadequate data usefulness

users could not get the data they needed; what was collected was not always useful for intended purposes

RFID

uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances - supports logistics

behavioral analysis

using data about people's behaviors to understand intent and predict future actions

What is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of computing resources, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or network resources? virtualization velocity veracity distributed computing

virtualization

_________ is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of computing resources, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or network resources. Distributed Big data Virtualization

virtualization

__________ analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation.

web analytics

What is the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing? (A)data aggregation (B) dirty data (C) data repository (D) data cleansing

(A) Data aggregation

What is an individual item on a graph or a chart? (A) data broker (B) dirty data (C) data lake (D) data point

(D) data point

executive information system

- market sales outlook - industry sales outlook

transaction processing system

- order entry - payroll

decision support system

- sales data analysis - manufacturing data analysis

managerial decision making

- semistructured decision - manager - internal cross-functional focus - determining sales forecasts - analyzing impact of past month

operational decision making

- structured decision - staff - internal functional focus - reordering inventory - creating the employee weekly staffing schedule - creating the employee weekly production schedule

strategic decision making

- unstructured decision - long-term multiyear time frame focus - external focus across industry - deciding to enter a new market - deciding to enter a new industry over the next 3 years

disruptive SCM technologies

3D printing RFID drones robotics

competitive monitoring

A company keeps tabs of its competitor's activities on the web using software that automatically tracks all competitor website activities such as discounts and new products.

3D printing

A process that builds—layer by layer in an additive process—a three-dimensional solid object from a digital model. - supports procurement

optimization model

A statistical process that finds the way to make a design, system, or decision as effective as possible, for example, finding the values of controllable variables that determine maximal productivity or minimal waste.

machine learning

A type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn.

social media analysis

Analyzes text flowing across the Internet, including unstructured text from blogs and messages

What is a central location in which data is stored? (A) dirty data (B) data aggregation (C) data warehouse (D) repository

D repository

_________ -mining tools use a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information that predict future behavior and guide decision making. Web Driven Data

Data

variety

Different forms of structured and unstructured data - data from spreadsheets and databases as well as from email, videos, photos, PDFs, all of which must be analyzed

______ data is erroneous or flawed data.

Dirty

What is extraction, transformation, and loading?

It is a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms it using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads it into a data warehouse.

weak AI

Machines can simulate human thought process - show 'as if' they can think but cannot really think. However, simulation is useful for the study of the mind.

Which of the following is a reason why managerial decision making is challenging?

Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies, to make decisions.

data visualization tool

Moves beyond Excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as pie charts, controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more.

What is not a reason for the growth of decision-making information systems?

People no longer have to worry about protecting the corporate asset of organizational information.

Select the three characteristics of online transactional processing.

Processes the information according to defined business rules Updates existing information to reflect the new information Stores the information

velocity

The analysis of streaming data as it travels around the Internet - analysis necessary of social media messages spreading daily

poor data quality

The data, if available, were often incorrect or incomplete. Therefore, users could not rely on the data to make decisions

volume

The scale of data - includes enormous volumes of data generated daily - massive volume created by machines and networks - big data tools necessary to analyze zettabytes and brontobytes

veracity

The uncertainty of data, including biases, noise, and abnormalities - uncertainty or untrustworthiness of data - data must be meaningful to the problem being analyzed - must keep data clean and implement processes to keep dirty data from accumulating in systems

business intelligence dashboard

Tracks corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and includes advanced capabilities such as interactive controls, allowing users to manipulate data for analysis.

True or false: Algorithms are mathematical formulas placed in software that performs an analysis on a data set.

True

True or false: Decisions range from routine choices, such as how many items to order or how many people to hire, to unexpected ones such as what to do if a key employee suddenly quits or needed materials do not arrive. Today, with massive volumes of information available, managers are challenged to make highly complex decisions—some involving far more information than the human brain can comprehend—in increasingly shorter time frames.

True

Which of the following questions can procurement help a company answer?

What quantity of raw materials should we purchase to minimize spoilage? How can we guarantee that our raw materials meet production needs? At what price can we purchase materials to guarantee profitability?

data broker

a business that collects personal information about consumers and sells that information to other organizations

repository

a central location in which data is stored and managed

time series chart

a chart is a graphical representation showing change of a variable over time

bar chart

a graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent

histogram

a graphical display of data using bars of different heights grouped into ranges

extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL)

a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms it using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads it into a data warehouse

information cleansing or scrubbing

a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information

sparkline

a small embedded line graph that illustrates a single trend

prediction

a statement about what will happen or might happen in the future, for example, predicting future sales or employee turnover

regression model

a statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables. includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables

data lake

a storage repository that holds a vast amount of raw data in its original format until the business needs it

data map

a technique for establishing a match, or balance, between the source data and the target data warehouse

cluster analysis

a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible

Materials Management

activities that govern the flow of tangible, physical materials through the supply chain such as shipping, transport, distribution, and warehousing

Data _______ is the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing. aggregation extraction and load transformation and load

aggregation

What are mathematical formulas placed in software that performs an analysis on a data set? outlier fast data anomaly detection algorithms

algorithms

data point

an individual item on a graph or a chart

drones

an unmanned aircraft that can fly autonomously, or without a human - supports logistics

Which is not a type of organizational information system?

analysis processing system

Online ____________ processing is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making.

analytical

how would the airlines industry use business intelligence

analyze popular vacation locations with current flight listings

web analysis

analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation

text analysis

analyzes unstructured data to find trends and patterns in words and sentences

_________ intelligence simulates human thinking and behavior, such as the ability to reason and learn.

artificial

selling chain management

automates order processes from initial customer inquiry to final product delivery

what is the process of learning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human and organization situations?

biomimicry

How do decision-making information systems work?

by building models out of organizational information to lend insight into important business issues and opportunities

What can an information systems model accomplish?

calculate risks, understand uncertainty, manipulate time

__________ is a form of data mining that assigns records to one of a predefined set of classes.

classification

Which of the following are common forms of data mining analysis?

classification, estimation, clustering

data mart

contains a subset of data warehouse information

__________ are the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies.

critical success factors

A(n) ________ is the common term for the representation of multidimensional information. cube square collection

cube

What is the ultimate outcome of a data warehouse?

data marts

What uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information that predict future behavior and guide decision making? classification analysis cluster analysis data mining tools time-series information

data mining tools

What uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information that predict future behavior and guide decision making? data mining tools time-series information classification analysis cluster analysis

data mining tools

What is the process of sharing information to ensure consistency between multiple data sources? data point data replication data profiling data source

data replication

What is an organized collection of data? data broker data point data set data lake

data set

outlier

data value that is numerically distant from most of the other data points in a set of data

problem identification

define the problem as clearly and precisely as possible

data visualization

describes technologies that allow users to see or visualize data to transform information into a business perspective

Computer-aided _________/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems are used to create the digital designs and then manufacture the products. design movement makerspace

design

solution generation

detail every solution possible, including ideas that seem farfetched

data quality audits

determine the accuracy and completeness of its data

correlational analysis

determines a statistical relationship between variables, often for the purpose of identifying predictive factors among the variables

estimation analysis

determines values for an unknown continuous variable behavior or estimated future value

__________ computing processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment. Distributed Centralized Query

distributed

What processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment? extraction, transformation, and loading information cleansing distributed computing

distributed cleansing

What processes and manages algorithms across many machines in a computing environment? distributed computing information cleansing extraction, transformation, and loading

distributed computing

Where would you find the customers' customer in a typical supply chain?

downstream

What is an unmanned aircraft that can fly autonomously, or without a human? drone RFID 3D printing robotics

drone

which of the following is a problem associated with dirty data?

duplicate dat, non-formatted data, violates business rules data, nonintegrated data

drill down

enables users to view details, and details of details, of information

dirty data

erroneous or flawed data

solution test

evaluate solutions in terms of feasibility, suitability, and acceptability

inconsistent data

every department had its own method for recording data so when trying to share info, data did not match and users didn't get the data they needed

A(n) ________ information system is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight.

executive

What is a type of organization information systems?

executive information system, decisions support system, transactional processing system

What are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems?

expert systems

what is a data scientist?

extracts knowledge from data by performing statistical analysis, data mining, and advanced analytics on big data to identify trends, market changes, and other relevant information

robotics

focuses on creating artificial intelligence devices that can move and react to sensory input - supports materials management

Which type of AI system assigns values of 0 and 1 to vague or ambiguous information?

fuzzy logic

data collection

gather problem-related data, including who, what, where, when, why, and how. Be sure to gather facts, not rumors or opinions about the problem

_________ algorithm is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.

genetic

What is a wearable computer with an optical head-mounted display?

google glass

__________ uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket.

haptic interface

Radio-frequency ________ uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances. movement identification manufacturing

identification

exploratory data analysis

identifies patterns in data, including outliers, uncovering the underlying structure to understand relationships between the variables

source data

identifies the primary location where data is collected

solution implementation

if the solution solves the problem, then the decisions made were correct. If not, then the decisions were incorrect and the process begins again

Which of the following are the reasons business analysis is difficult from operational databases?

inconsistent data definitions, lack of data standards, inadequate data usefulness

supply chain event mgmt (SCEM)

increases real-time info sharing among supply chain partners focusing on reducing response time to unexpected events

What presents the results of data analysis, displaying the patterns, relationships, and trends in a graphical format? analysis paralysis data artist infographics analytics

infographics

A(n) ______ agent is a special-purpose knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users.

intelligent

________ includes the processes that control the distribution, maintenance, and replacement of materials and personnel to support the supply chain. Procurement Logistics Cradle-to-Grave

logistics

Todd Haitz works at a retail store selling sports equipment. His daily tasks include opening the store, creating the work schedules, processing payroll, overseeing sales and inventory, and training employees. At what level of the organizational pyramid would you categorize Todd?

managerial

lack of data standards

managers need to perform cross-functional analysis using data from all departments, which differed in granularities, formats, and levels

What is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality?

model

ineffective direct data access

most data stored in operational databases did not allow users direct access; users had to wait to have their queries or questions answered by MIS professionals who could code SQL

_________ network is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works.

neural

analysis paralysis

occurs when the user goes into an emotional state of over-analysis (or over-thinking) a situation so that a decision or action is never taken, in effect paralyzing the outcome

What is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making?

online analytical processing (OLAP)

What is the capture of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, and (3) update existing information to reflect the new information?

online transaction processing (OLTP)

At the ___________ level, employees develop, control, and maintain core business activities required to run the day-to-day operations.

operational

Key performance indicators are the quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors. Which one of the following is a key performance indicator?

percentage of help-desk calls answered in the first minute

How would the technology industry use business intelligence?

predict hardware failures

forecasting model

predictions based on time-series information allowing users to manipulate the time series for forecasting activities

Recall the decision-making process highlighted in your text. Which of the following represents the first step in the process?

problem identification

Logistics

processes that control the distribution, maintenance, and replacement of materials and personnel to support the supply chain

What is the purchasing of goods and services to meet the needs of the supply chain? logistics procurement cradle-to-grave 3D printing

procurement

Three business areas of supply chain mgmt

procurement logistics materials management

Data ________ is the process of collecting statistics and information about data in an existing source. mining profiling prediction

profiling

collaborative demand planning

reduces inventory investments, while improving customer satisfaction

collaborative engineering

reduces product development costs

strong AI

refers to the field of AI that works toward providing brainlike powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans

Data ______ is the process of sharing information to ensure consistency between multiple data sources. profiling replication classification

replication

A(n) __________ is a central location in which data is stored. data set data point repository

repository

affinity grouping analysis

reveals the relationship between variables along with the nature and frequency of the relationships

What focuses on creating artificial intelligence devices that can move and react to sensory input? Radio-frequency identification Drone Robotics

robotics

pivot

rotates data to display alternative presentations of the data

solution selection

select the solution that best solves the problem and meets the needs of the business

Decision making is a challenging task. Which of the following employees typically do not make operational decisions?

senior management

What identifies the primary location where data is collected? dirty data data lake source data data point

source data

Operational decisions are considered ___________, which arise in situations in which established processes offer potential solutions.

structured decisions

Which of the following are included in a typical supply chain?

supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailer, customer

What determines how to structure a supply chain including the product, selection of partners, the location and capacity of warehouses, transportation methods, and supporting management information systems? supply chain design supply chain planning system supply chain visibility

supply chain design

Which of the following are included in the areas extending the supply chain?

supply chain management selling chain management collaborative engineering collaborative demand planning

slice-and-dice

the ability to look at information from different perspectives

consolidation

the aggregation of data from simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information

The factor that significantly contributed to people's needs to use information systems to make decisions is __________.

the amount of information people must understand to make good decisions is increasing exponentially

pattern recognition analysis

the classification or labeling of an identified pattern in the machine learning process

data aggregation

the collection of data from various sources for the purpose of data processing

speech analysis

the process of analyzing recorded calls to gather information