Exam 4: Chapter 33
Select the correct statement(s) about invertebrate taxa. - tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity - rotifers are smaller than many protists - ectoprocts lack a distinct head
All are correct statements.
___ digest the food that sponges pick up from water and from choanocytes.
Amoebocytes
Insects: Coleoptera
Beetles complete metamorphosis hard forewings to protect membraneous hind wings
____-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms
Cnidaria
Primarily aquatic Crabs and Isopods Two pairs of antennae
Crustceans
___ are hermaphrodites, but they cross-fertilize.
Earthworms
Diptera
Flies complete metamorphosis hind wings reduced to stabilizers
How was repeatability demonstrated in this experiment?
For each treatment, 12-14 crabs were offered a selection of periwinkles.
Cheliceriforms
Horseshoe crab Arachnids Possesses claw-like feeding appendages
Butterfly Wings allow flight Body divided into head, thorax, abdomen Three pairs of walking legs
Insects
Myriapods
Millipedes and centipedes exclusively terrestrial
The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____.
Porifera
The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____. Echinodermata Ctenophora Lycophyta Cnidaria Porifera
Porifera
Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes?
They are dorsoventrally flattened.
Cutaneous respiration (gas exchange) occurs across true _____ skins
annelids
Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body?
arthropoda
What structure is responsible for gas exchange in most spiders?
book lungs
Nematodes, or roundworms, are unsegmented pseudocoelomate worms that lack a ____.
circulatory system
process of shedding, or molting, is called ___
ecdysis
Which of the following phyla have a water vascular system?
echinoderms
A pseudocoelomate refers to an animal with a
functional body cavity lined by tissues derived from mesoderm and endoderm
The water vascular system of echinoderms
functions in locomotion and feeding.
Which of the following is the sexual stage of a hydrozoan? spore polyp coral medusa
medusa
Which of the following features is characteristic of the poriferan (sponge) body plan or life history?
motile larvae
Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment. their flame bulbs can carry out respiratory and circulatory functions. their body cavity, a pseudocoelom, carries out these functions. they lack mesoderm as embryos and, therefore, lack the adult tissues derived from mesoderm.
none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment.
Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____.
parthenogenesis The females lay unfertilized eggs that develop into females.
Tapeworms are highly specialized worms that make their living as endoparasites. To which of the following phyla do the tapeworms belong?
phylum Platyhelminthes
You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. You take the animal to a university where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that you have found a centipede. Which of the following traits may have allowed her to make this distinction? molting presence of body segments poisonous claws egg-laying
poisonous claws
Some cnidarians go through both a motile stage and a sessile (attached) stage during their life cycle. The attached stage is called a(n) __________.
polyp
Trematodes are parasitic ___ within the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms).
rhabditophorans
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans?
sea stars
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans? ants snails sea stars earthworms jellies
sea stars
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans? See Concept 33.5 (Page 711) jellies ants sea stars earthworms snails
sea stars (Humans and sea stars are deuterostomes.)
The major difference between the two divisions of annelids, the errantians and sedentarians, is that
sedentarians are less mobile than errantians
A characteristic of arthropods that has allowed for their great success is the presence of ______. bilateral symmetry a brain an endoskeleton specialized segments a coelom
specialized segments
___ lack a nervous system, true tissue, a complete digestive tract, and the ability to make organic compounds from CO2 and water
sponges
Coral animals, like all cnidarians, have ____ armed with batteries of stinging cells called cnidocytes. They use these to capture prey and push food into the gastrovascular cavity.
tentacles
Which of the following is the dependent variable in this experiment?
the number of periwinkles killed by crabs
Which of the following is an independent variable in this experiment?
the source of the periwinkles (northern or southern sites in the Gulf of Maine)
Hemiptera
"true bugs" Incomplete metamorphosis Thick forewings (except at tips)
Nematodes and arthropods are the largest ecdysozoan phyla. Which of the following statements are true? -Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle. -Nematodes possess a closed circulatory system. -Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. -Nematodes are acoelomate, whereas arthropods are coelomate. -Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. -Both nematodes and arthropods have segmented body plans. -Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. -The cuticle in nematodes lengthens as the animal grows. -Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages.
-Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle. -Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. -Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. -Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. -Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages.
Select the correct statement(s) describing nematodes. -All nematodes live in soil. -Nematodes lack a circulatory system and circular body wall muscles. -Some nematodes play important roles in nutrient cycling.
-Nematodes lack a circulatory system and circular body wall muscles. -Some nematodes play important roles in nutrient cycling.
Members of the phylum Mollusca _____. A) are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell B) have segmented bodies and paired, jointed appendages C) have closed circulatory systems D) have tentacles surrounding a central mouth/anus E) are filter feeders
A
___ and _____ (roundworms) are among the most abundant of all animal groups
Arthropods; nematodes
In Figure 33.2 in your textbook, which two main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor of the eumetazoans? A) Rotifera and Deuterostomia B) Cnidaria and Bilateria C) Porifera and Cnidaria D) Deuterostomia and Bilateria E) Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
B
A marine biologist dredges up a small animal from the bottom of the ocean. It is uniformly segmented, with short, stiff appendages and soft, flexible skin. It has a complete digestive system and a closed circulatory system, plus multiple true coeloms. Based on this, you determine that the animal must be a(n) _____. A) mollusc B) lancelet C) annelid D) crustacean E) roundworm
C
Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic? Platyhelminthes Echinodermata Nematoda Crustacea Mollusca
Echinodermata
___-bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present Submit
Echinodermata
Orthoptera
Grasshoppers, crickets incomplete metamorphosis one pair of leathery wings, one pair of membraneous wings
Protostomes are categorized into two clades: _____
Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
Which of the following is not a general characteristic of arthropods?
Most arthropod sensory organs are concentrated at the posterior end
Select the correct statement(s) about invertebrate taxa. Select all that apply. Tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity. Ectoprocts lack a distinct head. Rotifers are smaller than many protists.
Tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity. Ectoprocts lack a distinct head. Rotifers are smaller than many protists.
Select the correct statement(s) about invertebrate taxa. Select all that apply.
Tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity. Rotifers are smaller than many protists. Ectoprocts lack a distinct head.
Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes?
They are dorsoventrally flattened This is why they are also called flatworms.
How are varroa mites harmful to bees? They eat the bees' food supply. They eat bees. They inject the bees with a chemical that dissolves their insides. They spread pathogens.
They spread pathogens.
Which of the following is a hypothesis the researchers were testing in this study?
Through evolution, periwinkle populations with a history of predation by crabs have become less vulnerable to crab predation.
Which of the following statements about nematode (or round) worms is incorrect?
Trichinella spiralishas become a model research organism in biology.
A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share gills. embryonic torsion. a mantle. a radula. distinct cephalization.
a mantle.
Members of the phylum Mollusca _____.
are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell
A shared derived characteristic for members of the arthropod subgroup that includes spiders would be the presence of an open circulatory system. chelicerae. a cuticle. a cephalothorax. an exoskeleton.
chelicerae.
Some invertebrates combine morphological simplicity with features of great structural or biochemical complexity. Select all correct examples of this statement. -Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. -Sponges lack true tissues but have more variation in cell type than animals in any other phylum. -Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
-Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. -Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
How many of the following are characteristics of at least some members of the phylum Cnidaria? 1. a gastrovascular cavity 2. a polyp stage 3. a medusa stage 4. cnidocytes 5. a pseudocoelom 1 2 and 3 3, 4 and 5 1, 2, 3, and 4 All of the above are correct
1, 2, 3, and 4
A marine biologist dredges up a small animal from the bottom of the ocean. It is uniformly segmented, with short, stiff appendages and soft, flexible skin. It has a complete digestive system and a closed circulatory system, plus multiple true coeloms. Based on this, you determine that the animal must be a(n) ___. - annelid - roundworm - crustacean - mollusc - lancelet
Annelid.
Leeches are members of the phylum __________ in the clade of bilaterally symmetric animals called __________.
Annelida ... Lophotrochozoa
Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body? Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Porifera Arthropoda Mollusca
Arthropoda
Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body? Cnidaria Arthropoda Mollusca Porifera Platyhelminthes
Arthropoda
Nematodes and arthropods are the largest ecdysozoan phyla. Which of the following statements are true?
Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages. Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. (The ecdysozoans include nematodes, arthropods, and other phyla that have tough external coats, or cuticles, that must be shed as they grow. This process of shedding, or molting, is called ecdysis. Nematodes, or roundworms, are unsegmented pseudocoelomate worms that lack a circulatory system. Although most nematodes are free-living, some well-known nematodes, such as hookworms and pinworms, are parasitic.)
Nematodes and arthropods are the largest ecdysozoan phyla. Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply. Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages. Both nematodes and arthropods have segmented body plans. Nematodes possess a closed circulatory system. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Nematodes are acoelomate, whereas arthropods are coelomate. Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle. The cuticle in nematodes lengthens as the animal grows.
Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle
A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share A) a radula. B) a mantle. C) distinct cephalization. D) gills. E) embryonic torsion.
B
Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____. A) sperm-stealing B) parthenogenesis C) binary fission D) budding E) fragmentation
B
What structure is responsible for gas exchange in most spiders? - tracheal tubes - chelicerae - the pedipalp - Malpighian tubules - book lungs
Book lungs. (The extensive surface area of book lungs is a structural adaptation that enhances the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the hemolymph and air.)
Nematodes and arthropods are the largest ecdysozoan phyla. Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply. The cuticle in nematodes lengthens as the animal grows. Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. Nematodes are acoelomate, whereas arthropods are coelomate. Nematodes possess a closed circulatory system. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. Both nematodes and arthropods have segmented body plans. Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle. Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages.
Both nematodes and arthropods must molt in order to increase in size. Arthropods possess an open circulatory system. Some nematodes are parasitic on humans. Both nematodes and arthropods possess an external covering, or cuticle. Arthropods are named for their jointed appendages
___ are lophotrochozoans that have a lophophore.
Brachiopods
Lepidoptera
Butterflies, moths complete metamorphosis wings have scales
Insects
Butterfly Wings allow flight Body divided into head, thorax, abdomen Three pairs of walking legs
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians? A) radula B) mesoderm C) gastrovascular cavity D) an anus E) bilateral symmetry
C
An active marine predator is found possessing these characteristics: a series of tentacles (modified from the foot), a highly developed nervous system, and elaborate eyes. To which of the following clades does this organism most likely belong?
Cephalopoda
Horseshoe crab Arachnids Possesses claw-like feeding appendages
Cheliceriforms
The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages
Cheliceriforms Myriapods Insects Crustceans
- Differentiating between arthropods The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages: cheliceriforms (also called chelicerates); myriapods; insects and their relatives (together called hexapods); and crustaceans. What defines them?
Cheliceriforms, which are named for their clawlike feeding appendages, called chelicerae, include sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites. Myriapods include millipedes and centipedes, which are terrestrial species. Crustaceans are primarily aquatic animals such as lobsters, crabs, and crayfish. Insects possess three body regions (head, thorax, and abdomen), may have one or more pairs of wings, and have six legs. Insects are the largest and most diverse group of arthropods, including numerous species of butterflies, beetles, flies, ants, and many others.
____, including sea anemones, have tentacles armed with cnidocytes, unique stinging cells that function in defense and in the capture of prey.
Cnidaria
In Figure 33.2 in your textbook, which two main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor of the eumetazoans?
Cnidaria and Bilateria
which two main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor of the eumetazoans?
Cnidaria and Bilateria
______ have radial symmetry. Sponges Flatworms Annelids Cnidarians Roundworms
Cnidarians
Which of the following best summarizes the results shown in the graph?
Crabs are more successful in preying on northern periwinkles.
The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____. a) Echinodermata B) Ctenophora C) Cnidaria D) Porifera E) Lycophyta
D
What structure is responsible for gas exchange in most spiders? A) Malpighian tubules B) the pedipalp C) tracheal tubes D) book lungs E) chelicerae
D
Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect? A) Echinodermata-bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present B) Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate C) Cnidaria-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms D) Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present E) Platyhelminthes-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
D
Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes? A) They are diploblastic. B) They are radially symmetrical. C) They are all parasitic. D) They are dorsoventrally flattened. E) They typically reproduce asexually
D
Which of the following is true of annelids? A) They have pseudocoeloms. B) They have a nerve net. C) They have a gastrovascular cavity. D) They perform gas exchange across their skin. E) They have an open circulatory system
D
The clade Deuterostomia comprising chordates (including vertebrates) and echinoderms is defined primarily by _____
DNA similarities
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans? A) earthworms B) snails C) ants D) jellies E) sea stars
E
_____ includes about eight phyla, including the phyla Arthropoda and Nematoda
Ecdysozoa
You are an entomologist for the federal agency in charge of deciding the fate of neonicotinoids in the United States. Who do you work for? Food and Drug Administration Department of Agriculture Department of Health and Human Services Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Protection Agency
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians? - an anus - bilateral symmetry - radula - gastrovascular cavity - mesoderm
Gastrovasicular cavity. (Characterized by a single opening, it is the digestive compartment of cnidarians.)
______ are the most diverse group of arthropods. Insects Crustaceans Centipedes Millipedes Arachnids
Insects
What does Syngenta likely think is currently the best option when it comes to preventing more honeybee deaths? Banning neonicotinoids. Sterilizing male honeybees. Introducing a disease-resistant honeybee to the environment. Killing varroa mites.
Killing varroa mites.
Members of the phylum Mollusca ___. - have tentacles surrounding a central mouth/anus - have segmented bodies and paired, jointed appendages - are filter feeders - are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell - have closed circulatory systems
Members of the phylum Mollusca are soft-bodied and are often covered by a shell.
You are a cancer researcher and you discover an on-off switch for the BRAF oncogene. What have you found? DNA rRNA MiRNA tRNA
MiRNA
Members of the phylum _____ are soft-bodied and are often covered by a shell.
Mollusca
Which of the following statements about bilaterian animals is false?
Most bilaterians have tissues but some do not.
Which of the following statements about bilaterian animals is false? -All bilaterians have bilateral symmetry. -Many bilaterians are invertebrates but some are not. -All bilaterians are triploblastic (have three germ layers). -Most bilaterians have tissues but some do not.
Most bilaterians have tissues but some do not. Bilaterian animals form an enormous clade whose members all have tissues (unlike sponges) as well as a two-sided or bilaterally symmetric form (unlike sponges and cnidarians). All bilaterally symmetric animals also are triploblastic. Bilaterians include both invertebrate and vertebrate animals.
Millipedes and centipedes exclusively terrestrial
Myriapods
____-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
Nematoda
Select the correct statement(s) describing nematodes. Select all that apply. All nematodes live in soil. Nematodes lack a circulatory system and circular body wall muscles. Some nematodes play important roles in nutrient cycling.
Nematodes lack a circulatory system and circular body wall muscles. Some nematodes play important roles in nutrient cycling.
_____-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
Platyhelminthes
Based on the phylogenetic tree shown here, identify the basal taxon of metazoans (animals)
Porifera
The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____.
Porifera Evidence that supports this includes the lack of true tissue in sponges and the close similarity between choanocytes and choanoflagellates.
Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect? Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present Platyhelminthes-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate Cnidaria-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms Echinodermata-bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present
Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect? Platyhelminthes-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate Echinodermata-bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present Cnidaria-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate
Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present
Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect? - Platyhelminthes-flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate - Nematoda-roundworms, pseudocoelomate - Echinodermata-bilateral symmetry as a larva, coelom present - Cnidaria-radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms - Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present
Porifera-gastrovascular cavity, coelom present.
The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is ___. - Ctenophora - Echinodermata - Lycophyta - Porifera - Cnidaria
Porifera. (Evidence that supports this includes the lack of true tissue in sponges and the close similarity between choanocytes and choanoflagellates.)
Which of the following pairings of phylum and description is incorrect?
Porifera—gastrovascular cavity, coelomate
Crustceans
Primarily aquatic Crabs and Isopods Two pairs of antennae
The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____.
Proifera Evidence that supports this includes the lack of true tissue in sponges and the close similarity between choanocytes and choanoflagellates.
Adaptive radiation
Rapid and extensive speciation in a single lineage Diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches
Which clade in the phylum Cnidaria includes "jellies" with rounded (as opposed to boxlike) medusae? Anthozoa Scyphozoa Hydrozoa Cubozoa
Scyphozoa
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans? - snails - ants - jellies - earthworms - sea stars
Sea stars. (Humans and sea stars are deuterostomes.)
What evidence suggests that vertebrates are more closely related to echinoderms than are any other invertebrate phyla?
Shared DNA sequences
What evidence suggests that vertebrates are more closely related to echinoderms than are any other invertebrate phyla? Shared DNA sequences Shared patterns of development Shared morphology
Shared DNA sequences
What evidence suggests that vertebrates are more closely related to echinoderms than are any other invertebrate phyla?
Shared DNA sequences The clade Deuterostomia comprising chordates (including vertebrates) and echinoderms is defined primarily by DNA similarities
What evidence suggests that vertebrates are more closely related to echinoderms than are any other invertebrate phyla? - shared patterns of development - shared morphology - shared DNA sequences
Shared DNA sequences. (The clade Deuterostomia comprising chordates - including vertebrates - and echinoderms is defined primarily by DNA similarities. Read about deuterostomes.)
Based on the results shown in the graph, how has natural selection affected populations of flat periwinkles in the southern Gulf of Maine over the last century?
Southern populations of flat periwinkles have accumulated traits that make them less vulnerable than northern populations to predation by European green crabs.
What (if anything) can be inferred about whether the common ancestor of each of the three major bilaterian clades had a true coelom?
The common ancestor of the Deuterostomia had a true coelom, but we cannot infer anything about the ancestor of the Lophotrochozoa or the Ecdysozoa.
Scientists have concluded that bdelloid rotifers have likely been asexual for 100 million years. What evidence supports this conclusion?
The comparison of the DNA of bdelloids and that of sexually reproducing rotifer species
Scientists have concluded that bdelloid rotifers have likely been asexual for 100 million years. What evidence supports this conclusion?
The comparison of the DNA of bdelloids and that of sexually reproducing rotifer species Comparisons of the DNA of sexual and bdelloid rotifers indicate that the common ancestor to modern bdelloid rotifers lived about 100 million years ago. That suggests that this group has been asexual for this long.
To what extent has the presence of a true coelom in animals changed over the course of evolution?
The presence or absence of a true coelom appears to have changed multiple times during the course of evolution.
Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes? They typically reproduce asexually. They are diploblastic. They are radially symmetrical. They are all parasitic. They are dorsoventrally flattened.
They are dorsoventrally flattened.
what is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?
They are dorsoventrally flattened.
Which of the following statements about molluscs is incorrect?
They are the most diverse phylum.
Which of the following is a characteristic of nematodes? They have a gastrovascular cavity. They have only longitudinal muscles. All species can be characterized as scavengers. They have a true coelom. Many species are diploblastic.
They have only longitudinal muscles
Which of the following is a characteristic of nematodes? They have a gastrovascular cavity. Many species are diploblastic. All species can be characterized as scavengers. They have a true coelom. They have only longitudinal muscles.
They have only longitudinal muscles.
Which of the following is true of members of the phylum Cnidaria? They are primarily filter feeders. They are the simplest organisms with a complete alimentary canal (two openings). They may use a gastrovascular cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton. They have either, or both, of two body forms: mobile polyps and sessile medusae. They are not capable of locomotion because they lack true muscle tissue.
They may use a gastrovascular cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton
Which of the following is true of annelids? See Concept 33.3 (Page 701) They have a gastrovascular cavity. They have an open circulatory system. They have pseudocoeloms. They perform gas exchange across their skin. They have a nerve net.
They perform gas exchange across their skin (Cutaneous respiration occurs across their skins. Polychaetes have lateral extensions, called parapodia, which provide even more surface area for cutaneous respiration.)
Which of the following is true of annelids?
They perform gas exchange across their skin.
Which of the following is true of annelids? They have an open circulatory system. They have pseudocoeloms. They have a gastrovascular cavity. They perform gas exchange across their skin. They have a nerve net.
They perform gas exchange across their skin.
Which of the following is true of annelids? See Concept 33.3 (Page 701)
They perform gas exchange across their skin.
Which of the following is true of annelids? - They have an open circulatory system. - They have a gastrovascular cavity. - They perform gas exchange across their skin. - They have a nerve net. - They have pseudocoeloms.
They perform gas exchange across their skin. (Cutaneous respiration occurs across their skins. Polychaetes have lateral extensions, called parapodia, which provide even more surface area for cutaneous respiration.)
Which of the following is true of annelids?
They perform gas exchange across their skin. Cutaneous respiration occurs across their skins. Polychaetes have lateral extensions, called parapodia, which provide even more surface area for cutaneous respiration.
Which of the following is true of annelids?
They perform gas exchange across their skin. Cutaneous respiration occurs across their skins. Polychaetes have lateral extensions, called parapodia, which provide even more surface area for cutaneous respiration.
Some invertebrates combine morphological simplicity with features of great structural or biochemical complexity. Select all correct examples of this statement. Select all that apply. Sponges lack true tissues but have more variation in cell type than animals in any other phylum. Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
Some invertebrates combine morphological simplicity with features of great structural or biochemical complexity. Select all correct examples of this statement. Select all that apply. Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. Sponges lack true tissues but have more variation in cell type than animals in any other phylum. Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
Some invertebrates combine morphological simplicity with features of great structural or biochemical complexity. Select all correct examples of this statement. - Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. - Sponges lack true tissues but have more variation in cell type than animals in any other phylum. - Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
Trematodes are acoelomates that have effective defenses against attack by their hosts' immune system. Cnidarians are diploblasts that produce complex, capsule-like organelles.
MAKE CONNECTIONS In Figure 33.8 in your textbook, assume that the two medusae shown at step 4 were produced by one polyp colony. Review Concept 12.1 (pp. 229-230 in your textbook) and Concept 13.3 (pp. 257-260 in your textbook), and then use your understanding of mitosis and meiosis to evaluate whether the following sentence is true or false. If false, select the answer that provides the correct reason. Although the two medusae are genetically identical, a sperm produced by one will differ genetically from an egg produced by the other.
True
Which of the following describe(s) echinoderms? They have an exoskeleton of hard calcareous plates. Hemolymph circulates in the water vascular system. Digestion occurs completely outside of the organism. Tubefeet provide motility in most species. They are found in both freshwater and saltwater environments.
Tubefeet provide motility in most species
Which of the following individuals would most likely be against a ban on neonicotinoids in the United States? a member of the Pesticide Action Network a honey producer a beekeeper a cotton farmer
a cotton farmer
In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures would allow for the most certain identification of the organism? eyes a body cavity a filter-feeding apparatus a heart a mantle
a mantle
In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures would allow for the most certain identification of the organism? a heart a body cavity a filter-feeding apparatus a mantle
a mantle
A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share
a mantle.
Use the following information to answer the question. An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebratesa parrot fish and a clown fish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish. The teacher and class were especially saddened when the colonial hydrozoan died. They had watched it carefully, and the unfortunate creature never even got to produce offspring by budding. Yet, everyone was elated when one of the students noticed a small colonial hydrozoan growing in a part of the tank far from the location of the original colony. The teacher was apparently unaware that these hydrozoans exhibit ________. spontaneous generation a medusa stage alternation of generations abiogenesis
a medusa stage
Select the correct statement(s) about invertebrate taxa. a-Tapeworms lack a mouth and gastrovascular cavity. b-Ectoprocts lack a distinct head. c-Rotifers are smaller than many protists.
a,c
A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange, and modified segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature two pairs of antennae. an open circulatory system. a sessile lifestyle. parapodia. eight legs.
an open circulatory system.
A marine biologist dredges up a small animal from the bottom of the ocean. It is uniformly segmented, with short, stiff appendages and soft, flexible skin. It has a complete digestive system and a closed circulatory system, plus multiple true coeloms. Based on this, you determine that the animal must be a(n) _____.
annelid
A marine biologist dredges up a small animal from the bottom of the ocean. It is uniformly segmented, with short, stiff appendages and soft, flexible skin. It has a complete digestive system and a closed circulatory system, plus multiple true coeloms. Based on this, you determine that the animal must be a(n) _____. See Concept 33.3 (Page 701)
annelids
_____ have a mouth that is separate from the anus; have a mouth that is separate from the anus
annelids
Members of the phylum Mollusca _____. have segmented bodies and paired, jointed appendages have closed circulatory systems have tentacles surrounding a central mouth/anus are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell are filter feeders
are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell
Members of the phylum Mollusca _____. See Concept 33.3 (Page 697) have closed circulatory systems have segmented bodies and paired, jointed appendages are filter feeders are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell have tentacles surrounding a central mouth/anus
are soft-bodied and often covered by a shell (Members of the phylum Mollusca are soft-bodied and are often covered by a shell.)
Which of the following would most likely cause Turritopsis dohrnii to go through cellular transdifferentiation? being exposed to salt water being eaten by a sea slug being repeatedly poked and prodded very cold temperatures
being repeatedly poked and prodded
What structure is responsible for gas exchange in most spiders?
book lungs; The extensive surface area of book lungs is a structural adaptation that enhances the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the hemolymph and air.
Trichoptera
caddisflies complete metamorphosis hairy wings
All of the following are threats faced by freshwater and terrestrial molluscs except
changing how water is released from dams
The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages:_
cheliceriforms (also called chelicerates); myriapods; insects and their relatives (together called hexapods); and crustaceans.
The phylum Arthropoda includes four major lineages: cheliceriforms (also called chelicerates); myriapods; insects and their relatives (together called hexapods); and crustaceans. Drag each word or phrase to the appropriate bin.
cheliceriforms - possess clawlike feeding appendages, horseshoe crab, arachnids myriapods- millipedes and centipedes, exclusively terrestrial crustaceans- 2 pairs of antennae, crabs and isopods, primarily aquatic insects- butterfly, wings allow flight, body divided into head thorax and abdomen, 3 pairs of legs
A radula is present in members of which clade(s)? bivalves and chitons bivalves, gastropods and chitons chitons, gastropods and cephalopods bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods bivalves
chitons, gastropods and cephalopods
In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian? epidermal cell pore cell choanocyte amoebocyte
choanocyte
In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian? choanocyte amoebocyte epidermal cell pore cell
choanocyte
Evidence that supports porifera being most like protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom, includes the lack of true tissue in sponges and the close similarity between _____
choanocytes and choanoflagellates.
Cephalopods are the only molluscs with a ___
closed circulatory system
The gastrovascular cavity, characterized by a single opening, is the digestive compartment of _____.
cnidarians
Annelids, including earthworms, are lophotrochozoan coelomates with a ___
complete digestive system.
Humans and sea stars are ____. thought to be most closely related.
deuterostomes
The ecdysozoans include nematodes, arthropods, and other phyla that have tough ____, or cuticles, that must be shed as they grow.
external coats
Sponges are most accurately described as aquatic predators. marine predators. chemoautrophs. freshwater scavengers. filter feeders.
filter feeders.
Sponges feed by __________.
filtering small particles from water
A pseudocoelomate refers to an animal with a
functional body cavity lined by tissues derived from mesoderm and endoderm. Most bilaterian animals have a body cavity, a fluid- or air-filled space located between the digestive tract and the outer body wall; this body cavity is also called a coelom. A so-called "true" coelom forms from tissue derived from mesoderm, and the animals with a true coelom are known as coelomates. Some bilaterian animals have a body cavity that is formed from both mesoderm and endoderm. Such a cavity is called a "pseudocoelom," and the animals with a pseudocoelom are called pseudocoelomates. Despite its name, however, a pseudocoelom is not false; it is a fully functional body cavity.
The water vascular system of echinoderms functions in locomotion and feeding. moves water through the animal's body during suspension feeding. is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical. functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells. is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms.
functions in locomotion and feeding.
A terrestrial mollusc without a shell belongs to which clade? bivalves gastropods cephalopods chitons
gastropods
The bodies of cnidaria members are organized around a ___
gastrovascular cavity
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?
gastrovascular cavity
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians? bilateral symmetry gastrovascular cavity an anus mesoderm radula
gastrovascular cavity
Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?
gastrovascular cavity The gastrovascular cavity, characterized by a single opening, is the digestive compartment of cnidarians.
Consider the following list of animals: giant squid, earthworm, largemouth bass, snail, tapeworm, coral, and starfish. The two that belong to the same phylum are the __________, and their phylum is __________.
giant squid and snail ... Mollusca
Sponges ________. have feeding cells called dinoflagellateshave a nerve net but not a central nervous system are the simplest diploblastic animals have larvae that are motile and move via the motion of cilia
have larvae that are motile and move via the motion of cilia
You are a scientist working for BASF and you are studying the effects of neonicotinoids on honeybees. Which body system should you focus on? immune digestive nervous circulatory
immune
If Shin Kubota's hunch is correct, the key to Turritopsis dohrnii immortality lies where? its bell its mesoglea its stolons its tentacles
its tentacles
Nematodes and arthropods are the _____ ecdysozoan phyla.
largest
Ectoprocts and brachiopods are collectively referred to as _____.
lophophorates
Ectoprocts and brachiopods are collectively referred to as __________.
lophophorates The lophophore is a structure common to these two phyla that bear ciliated tentacles.
In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures would allow for the most certain identification of the organism? a mantle a heart a filter-feeding apparatus a body cavity eyes
mantle
Which of the following is not a region, cavity, or opening that is found within the body of a sponge?
mesophyll
The excretory organs of annelids are skin gills. protonephridia. malpighian tubules. metanephridia. flame bulbs.
metanephridia.
Use the graph to answer the following question. Graph shows purity of water exiting the osculum as the y-axis and an unknown quantity as the x-axis. A straight line bisects the origin and continues upward at a 45° angle. Which of the following factors, when used to label the horizontal axis of the graph, would account most directly for the shape of the plot? number of spicules per sponge number of pores per sponge number of choanocytes per sponge rate of cribrostatin synthesis (molecules/unit time)
number of chaoncytes per sponge
The choanocyte of a sponge and the nematocyst of a cnidarian both function in __________. (Concept 33.2)
obtaining food
Arthropods have a reduced coelom and an _____.
open circulatory system
Which of the following is not one of the three major lineages of living arthropods?
ophiuroidea
Polychaetes have lateral extensions, called _____, which provide even more surface area for cutaneous respiration.
parapodia
Although most nematodes are free-living, some well-known nematodes, such as hookworms and pinworms, are ___.
parasitic
Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____.
parthenogenesis
Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____. binary fission sperm-stealing fragmentation budding parthenogenesis
parthenogenesis
Some species of rotifers undergo ____, which means that the species consist only of females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs
parthenogenesis
Some species of rotifers consist solely of females. Their method of reproduction is described as _____. See Concept 33.3 (Page 695) budding binary fission fragmentation parthenogenesis sperm-stealing
parthenogenesis (The females lay unfertilized eggs that develop into females.)
You are a scientist specializing in hydrozoans. You observe a species with many stolons. What will these stolons become? eggs polyps medusas sperm
polyps
The proglottids of a tapeworm contain an elaborate __________ system.
reproductive
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans? -sea stars -earthworms -ants -jellies -snails
sea stars Humans and sea stars are deuterostomes.
Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans? Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans? sea stars ants snails earthworms jellies
sea stars Humans and sea stars are deuterostomes.
Arthropods have ____ bodies that enable specialization of body structures such as appendages.
segmented
The organ(s) of respiratory gas exchange in oligochaetes is (are) Check all that apply book lungs. the skin. gills. pairs of hollow bristles. parapodia.
the skin.
Why did the researchers present unshelled northern and southern periwinkles to northern and southern crabs in the second experiment?
to test if either population of periwinkles was unpalatable to either population of crabs
Why did the researchers set up four treatments?
to test whether the origin (northern site or southern site) of the crabs and periwinkles affected their interactions
Which of the following groups of worms is/are completely parasitic?
trematodes
Among the invertebrate Paula, phylum Arthropoda is unique in possessing members that have a ventral nerve cord wings a cuticle segmented bodies open circulation
wings
Among the invertebrate phyla, phylum Arthropoda is unique in possessing members that have a cuticle. a ventral nerve cord. open circulation. wings. segmented bodies.
wings
