Exam 4

What is a function of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve?

Conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue

At a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron, the axon would be part of a

presynaptic neuron and the dendrite would be part of a postsynaptic neuron

Which is a function of the trigeminal (V) nerve?

conveys sensory impulses from the facial region and anterior scalp

Select the best description of the ependymal cells

form lining of brain ventricles

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding oligodendrocytes

They line the fluid-filled ventricles of the brain

Dendrites are process

are short and highly branched

Which structure of the neuron will contain the greatest number of neurotransmitter receptors?

the dendrites

Select the best description of the microglia

phagocytes of the central nervous system

Which of the following contain cell bodies interneurons?

posterior (dorsal) gray horns

Which of the following contains sensory information ONLY?

posterior (dorsal) root

Which of the following is/are innervated ONLY by the sympathetic part? 1. arrector pili muscles 2. kidney arterioles 3. sweat glands 4. spleen 5. suprarenal medulla

- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 - 2, 3, 5 only (WRONG) - 2, 4, 5 - 1, 3, 4

Choroid plexuses are specialized capillaries in the CNS that 1. are covered by ependymal cells 2. are located in the walls of the ventricles 3. are located in the dural venous sinuses 4. are the sites of reabsorption of CSF 5. are derived from the arachnoid layer of the meninges

- 1, 2, 4, 5 - 3, 4, 5 - 2, 3, 4 (WRONG) - 1, 2

Select the best description of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

- Axons tend to be long - Cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculmotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves - Cell bodies are sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia_ or prevertebral ganglia - Cell bodies are in terminal ganglia - Axons are myelinated (WRONG_

Select the best description of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

- Cell bodies are in sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia - Cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves - Axons are myelinated (WRONG) - Axons tend to be short

Select the best description of parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

- Cell bodies are in sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia (WRONG) - Axons tend to be short - Cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomoto (III), facial (VII), gloggopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves - Axons are unmyelinated - Cell bodies are in the lateral gray horns of all thoracic and first two or three lumbar spinal segments

Select the best description of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons

- Cell bodies are in the lateral gray horns of all thoracic and all lumbar spinal segments (WRONG) - Axons tend to be relatively short - Cell bodies are in sympathetic trunk ganglia (vertebral chain ganglia) or prevertebral ganglia - Cell bodies are in the brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor (III), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves - Axons tend to be long

An increase in the concentration of which ion inside of the synaptic end bulb triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicles?

- Cl- - Na+ (WRONG) - Ca2+ - K+

What is the function of the facial (VII) nerve?

- Conveys nerve impulses related to smell? - Conveys impulses responsible for contraction of the stylohyoid muscle - Conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium - Turns eyeball laterally via lacteral rectus muscle (WRONG)

Alpha and beta receptors are found in the sympathetic part of the autonomic division. They exist on postganglionic neurons and on visceral effectors.

- The second statement is true, the first is false - Both statements are true (WRONG) - The first statement is true; the second is false -Both statements are false

Which of the following contain cell bodies of sensory neurons?

- anterior (ventral) gray horns - posterior (dorsal) gray horns (WRONG) - spinal (posterior (dorsal) root) ganglia - lateral gray horns

What is the best description of the dura mater?

- contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord - meninx closest to the bone of the vertebral column - between pita mater and spinal cord - consists of collagen and elastic fiber network; has no blood vessels (WRONG) - between arachnoid and pia mater

Which of the following is NOT part of the sympathetic part of the autonomic division

- gray rami - splanchnic nerves - celiac ganglion (WRONG) - submandibular ganglion

Which of the following is NOT a parasymapthetic terminal ganglion?

- pterygopalatine (WRONG) - otic - submandibular - celiac

Select the best description of the axons that leave the brain as part of the vagus (X) nerves

- receive sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves - carry parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs derives from the embryonic gut tube - contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies - contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies (WRONG) - sympathetic send impulses along postganglionic axons to heart

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It

- sends branches to the hamstring muscles - is the largest nerve in the body - arises from the lumbar plexus - splits at about the level of the knee into tibial and common fibular nerves (WRONG)

Which of the following statements about the autonomic division is FALSE?

- the motor (output) portion of the autonomic division has three subsets: parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic - structurally, the autonomic division consists of two main components: a sensory (input) component and a motor (output) component - Autonomic division motor (output) pathways typically contain two motor neurons in series - Autonomic division stimulation may result in excitation or inhibition of smoother muscle or cardiac muscle, or a change in secretory activity in glands. (WRONG)

Autonomic innervation (stimulation) from which division results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the dermis of the skin?

-somatic - parasympathetic and sympathetic - parasympathetic (WRONG) - sympathetic

Inability to control eyeball movement may indicate damage to which cranial nerve(s)? 1. trochlear IV 2. optic II 3. oculomotor III 4. trigeminal V 5. abducens VI

1, 3, 5

Arrange the following components of an autonomic reflex arc in the proper order: 1. preganglionic motor neuron 2. receptor 3. integrating center (interneurons) 4. postganglionic motor neuron 5. visceral effector 6. autonomic ganglion 7. sensory neuron

2, 7, 3, 1, 6, 4, 5

A typical reflex arc involves the following components: 1. sensory neuron 2. motor neuron 3. sensory receptor 4. integrating center 5. effector The correct order is:

3, 1, 4, 2, 5

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds with which of the following types of receptors? 1. alpha 2. beta 3. nicotinic 4. muscarinic

3, 4 only

Select the best description of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons

Cell bodies are in the lateral gray horns of all thoracic and first two or three lumbar spinal segments

The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular synapse is

acetylcholine

Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels is a(n)

adrenergic response

The type of neuroglia in the CNA that regulates the concentration of ions, such as K+, for nerve impulse generation is a/an

astrocyte

Neuroglia that secrete chemicals to maintain strength of the tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier are

astrocytes

The largest and most numerous of the CNS neuroglia are

astrocytes

In what part of the brain would you find the insula?

cerebrum

The axon hillock is the part of the neuron that

connects the axon to the neuron cell body

What is the best description of the pia mater?

contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord

Select the structure(s) served by the phrenic nerve

diaphragm

Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?

facial VII

Select the best description of the oligodendryocytes

form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system

The central canal of the spinal cord is located in the center of the

gray commissure

Acetylcholine in the autonomic divsion

has effects for a very brief time, comparaed to the effects of other autonomic neurotransmitters

Autonomic neurons that secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

include all preganglionic neurons

A main difference between neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia (glia) is

mature neurons do not normally divide; neuroglia do

he hypoglossal (XII) nerve is a

motor nerve

Diverging circuits allow for transmission of nerve impulses from

one neuron to several neurons

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

protects the neurons of the brain and spinal cord from potentially harmful substances in the blood

Breathing and short-term memory are thought to be the result of which type of neural circuit?

reverberating circuit

Select the best description of Nissl bodies

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following neuroglia would be found in the peripheral nervous system?

satellite cells

The Reticular Activating System receives input from ALL of the following types of stimuli except

smell

Cerebrospinal fluid is found between two layers of meninges, in a space called the

subarachnoid space

Spinal nerves T2-T12 differ from all other spinal nerves in that

the anterior (ventral) rami do not contribute to a plexus

The conus medullaris is

the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement

The following are all functions of astrocytes EXCEPT

they synthesize neurotransmitters

The cranial nerve that carries most of the parasympathetic outflow is the

vagus (X) nerve

The cranial nerve which conveys parasympathetic control of the most organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is

vagus (X) nerve