exam 4.2
When blood calcium levels fall, which of the following does NOT occur?
PTH and vitamin D stimulate osteoblasts to break down bone.
What is a good way to help toddlers meet their nutrition needs?
Provide small, frequent meals and snacks
Why are dark green vegetables such as kale and spinach good sources of vitamin A?
They contain abundant beta-carotene, a precursor of retinol.
Adolescents need to consume four servings of dairy foods or calcium-fortified products daily to obtain the necessary calcium intake.
True
Due to the additional losses via the menstrual cycle, adolescent girls require more iron than do adolescent boys.
True
Free radicals are highly unstable atoms that can damage or destroy cells, often resulting in a loss of normal cellular function.
True
Most of our exposure to dioxin occurs through consumption of animal fats.
True
Which of the following is an infectious protein that can lead to mad cow disease?
a prion
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to low bone density in the adult years?
early onset of menarche in females
Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of a toddler consuming more than 19 g of fiber a day?
enhanced absorption of zinc
Which of the following is NOT associated with the female athlete triad?
increase in estrogen production
Which of the following has been linked to the hormone-based supplement dehydroepiandroesterone (DHEA)?
increased longevity
A nutritionally productive potential alternative to caloric restriction (CR) appears to be ______.
intermittent fasting
Vitamin C enhances _____ absorption.
iron
MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the
liver
Which of the following foods is high in phosphorus?
meat
The female athlete triad is a disorder characterized by coexistence the following three conditions: osteoporosis, low energy availability, and _______.
menstrual cycle disruption
Two types of fungi are yeasts and ______.
molds
The smallest physical units of a substance are
molecules.
In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge?
negative
An adequate consumption of fat during the toddler years is necessary for the development of which system?
nervous
Which preservative has been found to be potentially carcinogenic in animals?
nitrites
A T-score between +1 (plus 1) and -1 (minus 1) on a DXA signifies
normal bone density.
One of the best things you can do to help prevent cancer is _________.
not to smoke
Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with
osteomalacia
The main symptom associated with Clostridium botulinum intoxication is
paralysis
Microorganisms that benefit from and harm their hosts are called
parasites
The point in life at which our bones are the densest is called what?
peak bone density
The fastest-growing age subgroup in the United States today is
people 85 years of age and older.
Chemicals that accumulate in soil and water and that enter the food supply as a result of car emissions, improperly disposed waste, and industrial and agricultural pollution are known as
persistent organic pollutants.
Why is rBGH injected into many U.S. dairy cows?
to increase milk production without increasing feed
It is unsafe to thaw frozen foods on the kitchen counter (at room temperature).
true
Which of the following provides more than the RDA of vitamin A for women?
1 cup of canned sweet potato
Reduced-fat milk should not be given to children until the age of 2.
true
The only way to be sure that meat is thoroughly cooked is to check the internal temperature with a food thermometer.
true
Which of the following meals demonstrates the appropriate portions for a three-year-old child?
3 tablespoons of rice, 3 tablespoons of vegetables, and 3 tablespoons of beans
Approximately how long would a person's life be prolonged if he or she did not start consuming a Calorie-restricted diet until the age of 55 years?
4 months
Which action would you suggest to increase life span?
Engage in 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week
All additives are synthetic.
False
Antioxidant supplements have consistently been shown to lower rates of death from heart disease and certain types of cancer.
False
Fifty percent of Americans with osteoporosis are men.
False
Most bottled waters contain fluoride.
False
Multivitamin/mineral supplements should never be recommended for preschoolers.
False
Repeated sunburns are associated with an increased risk of developing vitamin D toxicity.
False
The only way to obtain adequate calcium and vitamin D is to use supplements.
False
Most forms of cancer result in the formation of _________.
tumors
How much beta-carotene is considered equivalent to one unit of vitamin A?
twelve units
What is an exchange reaction?
a two-part metabolic reaction that involves a loss and gain of electrons
Microorganisms that lack a true nucleus and have a chemical called peptidoglycan in their cell walls are called
bacteria
In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining
blood calcium levels.
Among other things, calcium assists in maintaining healthy __________.
blood pressure
The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are too high is
calcitonin.
The primary, active form of vitamin D in the human body is
calcitriol.
A group of fat-soluble plant pigments that are the basis for the orange, red, and deep-yellow colors of many fruits and vegetables are called
carotenoids
Examples of antioxidant enzyme systems include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and which of the following?
catalase
Which of these people have the LEAST amount of risk of suffering serious consequences from a foodborne illness?
college student cramming for final exams
What type of cells is responsible for enabling us see in different colors?
cone
Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for preventing cross-contamination?
cutting different kinds of raw food with the same knife
A trend in food processing over the last few decades has been ________.
decreased federal oversight
All antioxidants are water soluble.
fALSE
Lung cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States.
fALSE
In the United States all genetically modified crops are clearly identified on the food label.
false
Limiting sugary sweets in children's diets is important only once their permanent teeth have erupted.
false
There has never been a reported case of mad cow disease in the United States.
false
What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation?
fluoride
Which of the following causes food intoxications?
food contaminated with toxins
The bioavailability of calcium from spinach is limited because of the leafy green's
high levels of oxalates.
The most common sites of fracture in an individual suffering from osteoporosis are the
hip and spine.
Adolescent acne is caused by
hormonal changes.
If cancer cells are proliferating and growing their own blood vessels, the cancer is likely in the _________ stage.
progression
Which of the following is a poor source of dietary magnesium?
refined grain products
The three active forms of vitamin A in our bodies are collectively referred to as the
retinoids
Beta-carotene is a precursor of
retinol
Which of the following will increase the risk of exercise-related cardiac events in older adults?
rigorous exercise only on the weekends
The three major types of cancer treatment are radiation, chemotherapy, and ________.
surgery
Which of the following is NOT a proposed factor associated with the increase in vitamin D deficiency among Americans?
the increased consumption of soft drinks
Which of the following correctly describes "milk displacement"?
the selection of low-nutrient beverages (e.g., soda) in place of milk
Which of the following is used as an antioxidant in many foods?
vitamin C
One of the easiest and most effective ways to prevent foodborne illnesses is to
wash hands before handling food.
In older adults, which of the following is a mineral important to a healthy immune system and wound healing?
zinc
