Exam 7 Lab

________ indicates the presence of white blood cells or other pus constituents in the urine.

Pyuria

What is true about the renal processes for making urine?

Secretion occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule. ???

The vessel that supplies blood to the nephron is called the ________.

afferent arteriole

Kidney stones are also known as renal ________.

calculi

Many nephrons empty into a ________.

collecting duct

The outermost portion of the kidney is called the renal ________.

cortex

Tubular secretion in the nephron is a process by which substances move ________.

from the peritubular capillary into the nephron

Which of the following directly enclose the papilla of the renal pyramid?

minor calyx???

Name the structures in the kidney that produce urine.

nephrons

These cells form a porous membrane surrounding the endothelial cells of the glomerulus.

podocytes

Pathological conditions that cause albuminuria include ________.

poisoning

In which segment of the nephron would you find cuboidal cells with many microvilli and mitochondria?

proximal convoluted tubule

The urine sample that you are testing has an abnormally low pH. Its pH was ________.

3.5

________ always indicate(s) kidney pathology, whereas ________ may be present normally in small amounts.

Casts; crystals

What is true about the urethral sphincters?

The internal urethral sphincter is under involuntary control

Since urine contains dissolved solutes, it has ________ specific gravity than (as) water.

a higher

Blood flows from the peritubular capillary to the renal vein through this sequence of vessels.

cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein

Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to ________.

diets very low in carbohydrates

Micturition is a synonym for ________.

emptying the bladder

The functions of the urinary system include ________.

excreting nitrogenous wastes, maintaining electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base and fluid balance

Hyaline casts are formed when ________.

filtrate pH is low

During filtration in the nephron, substances move ________.

from the glomerulus into the nephron

A fenestrated squamous epithelium can be observed in this structure within the kidney.

glomerulus

This structure is a capillary bed from which blood is filtered into the nephron.

glomerulus

List the parts of the nephron in correct sequential order: ________.

glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop

Normal constituents of urine do not include ________.

glucose

The juxtamedullary nephrons ________.

have a nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla, and play an important role in concentrating urine

Which of the following may cause hemoglobin to appear in the urine?

hemolytic anemias

The renal artery enters the kidney at this indented area.

hilum

The juxtaglomerular apparatus ________.

is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole, contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure, and contains a region of chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop

Of the following urinary system organs, major homeostatic functions are performed by the ________.

kidneys

As urine is formed it flows through the collecting ducts to enter, in order, the following structures.

minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

The pathway taken by blood from the renal artery to the afferent arteriole is, in correct sequence, ________.

segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery

The veins that drain the kidney include all of those below except ________.

segmental veins

Freshly voided urine ________.

smells slightly aromatic

This type of epithelium is found lining the inside of the urinary bladder.

transitional

Urine is formed by three processes. In which process do filtrate components that are useful to the body move from the nephron into the blood?

tubular reabsorption

Glycosuria is characteristic of ________.

uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Which of the following is present in normal urine?

urobilinogen

The nephron loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons are surrounded by a looping, ladder-like blood vessel called the ________.

vasa recta