Exam 7 Lab
________ indicates the presence of white blood cells or other pus constituents in the urine.
Pyuria
What is true about the renal processes for making urine?
Secretion occurs only in the proximal convoluted tubule. ???
The vessel that supplies blood to the nephron is called the ________.
afferent arteriole
Kidney stones are also known as renal ________.
calculi
Many nephrons empty into a ________.
collecting duct
The outermost portion of the kidney is called the renal ________.
cortex
Tubular secretion in the nephron is a process by which substances move ________.
from the peritubular capillary into the nephron
Which of the following directly enclose the papilla of the renal pyramid?
minor calyx???
Name the structures in the kidney that produce urine.
nephrons
These cells form a porous membrane surrounding the endothelial cells of the glomerulus.
podocytes
Pathological conditions that cause albuminuria include ________.
poisoning
In which segment of the nephron would you find cuboidal cells with many microvilli and mitochondria?
proximal convoluted tubule
The urine sample that you are testing has an abnormally low pH. Its pH was ________.
3.5
________ always indicate(s) kidney pathology, whereas ________ may be present normally in small amounts.
Casts; crystals
What is true about the urethral sphincters?
The internal urethral sphincter is under involuntary control
Since urine contains dissolved solutes, it has ________ specific gravity than (as) water.
a higher
Blood flows from the peritubular capillary to the renal vein through this sequence of vessels.
cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein
Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to ________.
diets very low in carbohydrates
Micturition is a synonym for ________.
emptying the bladder
The functions of the urinary system include ________.
excreting nitrogenous wastes, maintaining electrolyte balance, and maintaining acid-base and fluid balance
Hyaline casts are formed when ________.
filtrate pH is low
During filtration in the nephron, substances move ________.
from the glomerulus into the nephron
A fenestrated squamous epithelium can be observed in this structure within the kidney.
glomerulus
This structure is a capillary bed from which blood is filtered into the nephron.
glomerulus
List the parts of the nephron in correct sequential order: ________.
glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop
Normal constituents of urine do not include ________.
glucose
The juxtamedullary nephrons ________.
have a nephron loop that penetrates deep into the renal medulla, and play an important role in concentrating urine
Which of the following may cause hemoglobin to appear in the urine?
hemolytic anemias
The renal artery enters the kidney at this indented area.
hilum
The juxtaglomerular apparatus ________.
is found where the most distal part of the ascending limb of the nephron loop touches the afferent arteriole, contains granular cells in the afferent arteriole that sense blood pressure, and contains a region of chemoreceptor cells called the macula densa in the distal nephron loop
Of the following urinary system organs, major homeostatic functions are performed by the ________.
kidneys
As urine is formed it flows through the collecting ducts to enter, in order, the following structures.
minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter
The pathway taken by blood from the renal artery to the afferent arteriole is, in correct sequence, ________.
segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery
The veins that drain the kidney include all of those below except ________.
segmental veins
Freshly voided urine ________.
smells slightly aromatic
This type of epithelium is found lining the inside of the urinary bladder.
transitional
Urine is formed by three processes. In which process do filtrate components that are useful to the body move from the nephron into the blood?
tubular reabsorption
Glycosuria is characteristic of ________.
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Which of the following is present in normal urine?
urobilinogen
The nephron loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons are surrounded by a looping, ladder-like blood vessel called the ________.
vasa recta
