Exam IV

When and anionic ligand's name ends in "-ate," its name in the complex will end in

-ato

When and anionic ligand's name ends in "-ite," its name in the complex will end in

-ito

When and anionic ligand's name ends in "-ide," its name in the complex will end in

-o

Existence of an element into more than one physical forms is known as

ALLOTROPY

Name of Ammonia, NH₃ in complex

Ammine

Name of H₂O in complex

Aqua

nido-boranes

BnH(n+4) they consist of a cage of boron atoms missing one corner

arachno-boranes

BnH(n+6) consist of a cage of boron atoms that is missing 2 or 3 corners

closo-boranes

BnHn2- and form fully closed polyhedrons with triangular sides

Name of Bromide, Br⁻ in complex

Bromo

Which carbon oxide does not exist? CO₂ C₂O₄ CO₃²⁻ CO

C2O4

Name of CO in complex

Carbonyl

Name of Chloride, Cl⁻ in complex

Chloro

Name of in complex

Cyano

Allotropes of C

Diamond, Graphite, Amorphous Carbon (coal/soot/carbon black/charcoal), single-walled carbon nanotube (buckytube), Buckminsterfullerene (Buckyball, or Fullerene, C₆₀),

Name of en in complex

Ethylenediamine

Name of EDTA⁴⁻ in complex

Ethylenediaminetetraacetato

Metalloids sit on around the stair case zig zag on the PT. Elements above the zag are metalloids. What elements below the zag are metalloids?

Ge, Sb

hydrogen azide

HN3 is a N and H compound with a higher nitrogen to hydrogen ratio than ammonia or hydrazine

Name of OH⁻ in complex

Hydroxo

Which of the following statements is TRUE? The flakiness of mica comes from its single silicate chain structure. The fibrous nature of asbestos comes from its silicate sheet structure. In some silicates, ionic bonding between a metal ion and an SixOy^(z-) ion is what holds the structure together. All silicates are composed of SiO4 tetrahedra that bond together through an oxygen to form single chains. None of the above are true.

In some silicates, ionic bonding between a metal ion and an SixOy^(z-) ion is what holds the structure together.

What is the major detraction from using bituminous coal as an energy source?

It contains a high amount of sulfur, which when burned contributes to acid rain

hydrazine

N2H4 nitrogen oxidation state (-2); the nitrogen analog of hydrogen peroxide

Name of in complex

Nitro

Name of in complex

Oxalato

Identify the compound that is formed by volcanos and is a coal pollutant.

SO₂

Give the formula of the compound that is in common glass.

SiO2

quartz

SiO2; generically called silica structure: each Si atom is in a tetrahedron surrounded by 4 O atoms, each O atom is a bridge connecting the corners of 2 tetrahedrons

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Silicon is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Silicates are covalent atomic solids that contain silicon and oxygen. Silicon atoms are too large to form pi bonds between them. Silicon is one of the strongest oxidizing agents. All of the above are true.

Silicates are covalent atomic solids that contain silicon and oxygen.

black phosphorus

allotrope of phosphorus; obtained by heating white phosphorus under pressure; most thermodynamically stable, least reactive

soot

amorphous form of carbon that forms during incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

Ligand

an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordinate bonding.

carbides

binary compounds composed of carbon combined with less electronegative elements -3 general categories: ionic, covalent and metallic

ionic carbides

carbon and low-electronegativity metal (alkali metal of alkali earth metal)

covalent carbides

carbon and low-electronegavitiy NONmetals or metalloids -most important: silicon carbide (SiC)

metallic carbides

carbon and metals that have a metallic lattice with holes small enough to fit carbon atoms

List the name of powdered form of carbon, which is a component of soot.

carbon black

haber-bosch process

carrying out rxn at higher pressure, and using a catalyst to increase reaction rate, industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas used to make ammonia and fixing nitrogen for uses (fertilizers and explosives)

fullereness

class of all the carbon clusters similar to C60 containing from 36-100 carbon atoms at room temp all are black solids

boranes

compounds composed of boron and hydrogen; form many unique cluster, cagelike, and netlike structures

graphite structure

consists of flat sheets of carbon atoms bonded together as interconnected hexagonal rings covalent bonds within are strong, the interactions between sheets are weak

In general, the atom with a larger electronegativity will have a negative oxidation number, and the atom with a smaller electronegativity will have a positive oxidation number.

cool

silicates

covalent atomic solids that contain silicon, oxygen and various metal atoms

white phosphorus

elemental form of phosphorus, highly toxic to humans

carbon black

fine, powdered form of carbon (component of soot)

coal

forms from the decomposition of ancient plant material that has been buried for millions of years (undergoes process of carbonization)

naturally occuring crystalline forms of carbon

graphite and diamond

pyroxines

inosilicates; mant of the tetrahedrons bond together creating chains

Where do metals sit on PT?

left side

4 shapes of complex ions

linear, square planar, tetrahedral, octahedral

nanotubes

long carbon structures which consist of sheets of interconnected C6 rings that assume the shape of a cylinder

When naming a complex are neutral or charged ligands written first?

neutral, then charged, written in alphabetical order

nitrogen oxides

nitrogen oxidized by O to form a number of different oxides

Which of the following are MAJOR components of Earth's crust? calcium and silicon oxygen, hydrogen and carbon oxygen and hydrogen oxygen and silicon oxygen, magnesium and carbon

oxygen and silicon

Where do non-metals sit on the PT? With exception of?

right side, H

poyrosilicates

sorosilicates; two tetrahedrons share one corner, forming the disilicate ion Si2O76- requires cations that balance the 6- charge

Ostwald process

used to commercially produce nitric acid

orthosilicates

when tetrahedron occurs singly (not bonded to other) forms SiO44- polyaltomic anion also called nesosilicates require cations that have a total charge of 4+ to neutralize the negative charge