Exam IV
When and anionic ligand's name ends in "-ate," its name in the complex will end in
-ato
When and anionic ligand's name ends in "-ite," its name in the complex will end in
-ito
When and anionic ligand's name ends in "-ide," its name in the complex will end in
-o
Existence of an element into more than one physical forms is known as
ALLOTROPY
Name of Ammonia, NH₃ in complex
Ammine
Name of H₂O in complex
Aqua
nido-boranes
BnH(n+4) they consist of a cage of boron atoms missing one corner
arachno-boranes
BnH(n+6) consist of a cage of boron atoms that is missing 2 or 3 corners
closo-boranes
BnHn2- and form fully closed polyhedrons with triangular sides
Name of Bromide, Br⁻ in complex
Bromo
Which carbon oxide does not exist? CO₂ C₂O₄ CO₃²⁻ CO
C2O4
Name of CO in complex
Carbonyl
Name of Chloride, Cl⁻ in complex
Chloro
Name of in complex
Cyano
Allotropes of C
Diamond, Graphite, Amorphous Carbon (coal/soot/carbon black/charcoal), single-walled carbon nanotube (buckytube), Buckminsterfullerene (Buckyball, or Fullerene, C₆₀),
Name of en in complex
Ethylenediamine
Name of EDTA⁴⁻ in complex
Ethylenediaminetetraacetato
Metalloids sit on around the stair case zig zag on the PT. Elements above the zag are metalloids. What elements below the zag are metalloids?
Ge, Sb
hydrogen azide
HN3 is a N and H compound with a higher nitrogen to hydrogen ratio than ammonia or hydrazine
Name of OH⁻ in complex
Hydroxo
Which of the following statements is TRUE? The flakiness of mica comes from its single silicate chain structure. The fibrous nature of asbestos comes from its silicate sheet structure. In some silicates, ionic bonding between a metal ion and an SixOy^(z-) ion is what holds the structure together. All silicates are composed of SiO4 tetrahedra that bond together through an oxygen to form single chains. None of the above are true.
In some silicates, ionic bonding between a metal ion and an SixOy^(z-) ion is what holds the structure together.
What is the major detraction from using bituminous coal as an energy source?
It contains a high amount of sulfur, which when burned contributes to acid rain
hydrazine
N2H4 nitrogen oxidation state (-2); the nitrogen analog of hydrogen peroxide
Name of in complex
Nitro
Name of in complex
Oxalato
Identify the compound that is formed by volcanos and is a coal pollutant.
SO₂
Give the formula of the compound that is in common glass.
SiO2
quartz
SiO2; generically called silica structure: each Si atom is in a tetrahedron surrounded by 4 O atoms, each O atom is a bridge connecting the corners of 2 tetrahedrons
Which of the following statements is TRUE? Silicon is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Silicates are covalent atomic solids that contain silicon and oxygen. Silicon atoms are too large to form pi bonds between them. Silicon is one of the strongest oxidizing agents. All of the above are true.
Silicates are covalent atomic solids that contain silicon and oxygen.
black phosphorus
allotrope of phosphorus; obtained by heating white phosphorus under pressure; most thermodynamically stable, least reactive
soot
amorphous form of carbon that forms during incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
Ligand
an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordinate bonding.
carbides
binary compounds composed of carbon combined with less electronegative elements -3 general categories: ionic, covalent and metallic
ionic carbides
carbon and low-electronegativity metal (alkali metal of alkali earth metal)
covalent carbides
carbon and low-electronegavitiy NONmetals or metalloids -most important: silicon carbide (SiC)
metallic carbides
carbon and metals that have a metallic lattice with holes small enough to fit carbon atoms
List the name of powdered form of carbon, which is a component of soot.
carbon black
haber-bosch process
carrying out rxn at higher pressure, and using a catalyst to increase reaction rate, industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas used to make ammonia and fixing nitrogen for uses (fertilizers and explosives)
fullereness
class of all the carbon clusters similar to C60 containing from 36-100 carbon atoms at room temp all are black solids
boranes
compounds composed of boron and hydrogen; form many unique cluster, cagelike, and netlike structures
graphite structure
consists of flat sheets of carbon atoms bonded together as interconnected hexagonal rings covalent bonds within are strong, the interactions between sheets are weak
In general, the atom with a larger electronegativity will have a negative oxidation number, and the atom with a smaller electronegativity will have a positive oxidation number.
cool
silicates
covalent atomic solids that contain silicon, oxygen and various metal atoms
white phosphorus
elemental form of phosphorus, highly toxic to humans
carbon black
fine, powdered form of carbon (component of soot)
coal
forms from the decomposition of ancient plant material that has been buried for millions of years (undergoes process of carbonization)
naturally occuring crystalline forms of carbon
graphite and diamond
pyroxines
inosilicates; mant of the tetrahedrons bond together creating chains
Where do metals sit on PT?
left side
4 shapes of complex ions
linear, square planar, tetrahedral, octahedral
nanotubes
long carbon structures which consist of sheets of interconnected C6 rings that assume the shape of a cylinder
When naming a complex are neutral or charged ligands written first?
neutral, then charged, written in alphabetical order
nitrogen oxides
nitrogen oxidized by O to form a number of different oxides
Which of the following are MAJOR components of Earth's crust? calcium and silicon oxygen, hydrogen and carbon oxygen and hydrogen oxygen and silicon oxygen, magnesium and carbon
oxygen and silicon
Where do non-metals sit on the PT? With exception of?
right side, H
poyrosilicates
sorosilicates; two tetrahedrons share one corner, forming the disilicate ion Si2O76- requires cations that balance the 6- charge
Ostwald process
used to commercially produce nitric acid
orthosilicates
when tetrahedron occurs singly (not bonded to other) forms SiO44- polyaltomic anion also called nesosilicates require cations that have a total charge of 4+ to neutralize the negative charge