EXAM ONE

Which of the following is a monomer/polymer pairing? (select all that apply)

- Amino acid/protein - Glucose/starch

Which of the following polymers contain nitrogen? (select all that apply)

- RNA - Enzymes - Insulin - ATP

Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule (select all that apply)?

-Sugar -Oil

Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope? (select all that apply)

-archaea -bacteria

Below you will find examples describing each of the levels of biological organization. Put the examples in order from 1-10, with the lowest level of organization being 1 and the highest level being 10.

1 - Starch 2 - Mitochondria 3 - Skin cell 4 - Cardiac muscle tissue 5 - Leaf 6 - A guinea pig 7 - 10 white-tailed deer 8 - Deer eating grass and the microbiome in the deer gut breaking down the grass for digestion 9 - Desert 10 - Earth

Which of the following statements is false?

All organisms require the same elements in the same quantities.

You're on the first human mission to Mars. While there you discover fossil evidence of life! From the fossil evidence you infer that the organism was unicellular and showed clear evidence of having DNA, however, no nuclear membrane appears to have existed. The fossil also appears to be located in an area that strongly suggests it was once a lake or ocean with very high salinity (salt content). Using the current kingdom classification system. Which kingdom would you classify this organism as?

Archaea

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are those domains?

Archaea Bacteria

How are gasoline and fat chemically similar?

Both are made up of hydrocarbon chains

The element present in all organic molecules is

Carbon

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms.

Why is each element unique and different from other elements with respect to its chemical properties?

Each element has a unique number of protons.

Nitrogen (N) is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following statements is correct about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?

Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge.

Which of the following would be regarded as compounds?

H2O and CH4, but not O2

Why does ice float in liquid water?

Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.

I would like some feedback from you about student presentations of material. Please select any options you agree with/would like to see in the future (this is not graded and is optional, but greatly appreciated):

I would like to have students present the chapters all of the time

Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the figure below? FYI - atherosclerosis is a type of cardiovascular disease

It is a saturated fatty acid, and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?

Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

With our dependence on fossil fuels (cars, planes, etc) we have seen a steady increase in atmospheric CO2. What effect on seawater might increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations have?

Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will decrease.

In presenting data that result from an experiment, a group of students show that most of their measurements fall on a straight diagonal line on their graph. However, two of their data points are "outliers" and fall far to one side of the expected relationship. What should they do?

Show all results obtained and then try to explore the reason(s) for these outliers.

Imagine there is a species-specific fishing regulation that mandates only adult fish of this species that are 75 cm or shorter may be kept and larger fish must be released. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average length of the adult fish population will

gradually increase.

The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen?

The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 14 and an atomic number of 7.

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

The plant's height is 25 centimeters (cm)

One of the buffers that contributes to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). Thus, H2CO3 ↔ HCO3- + H+ If the pH of the blood increases, one would expect

a decrease in the concentration of H2CO3 and an increase in the concentration of HCO3-.

What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

a polar covalent bond

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

always alter the primary structure of the protein, sometimes alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and sometimes affect its biological activity.

Electrons exist only at fixed levels of potential energy. However, if an atom absorbs sufficient energy, a possible result is that

an electron may move to an electron shell farther away from the nucleus.

Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?

an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

carboxyl and amino

Which one of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

cellulose, starch, and glycogen

All of the following contain amino acids except

cholesterol

The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA

contains one less oxygen atom.

During your senior year you get the opportunity to travel to the Amazon rainforest. You spend a lot of time in the area of Lago Grande in Brazil as well as other parts of this vast jungle. You are in awe of all the living organisms that inhabit this particular area as well as the Amazon river that flows through the heart of the rainforest. The tropical climate is humid, but reminds you of home. What type of biological organization was described?

ecosystem

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess

heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.

A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food

includes proteins

After living in Africa for many years you notice a lump on your throat/neck area that starts to develop. You also suffer from fatigue and frequent constipation. Which of the following trace elements are you probably lacking in your diet that is required by humans and other vertebrates in minute quantities, but not by other organisms such as bacteria or plants?

iodine

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are

nonpolar substances that repel water molecules.

Sickle-cell anemia results from a point mutation in the HBB gene. The mutation results in the replacement of an amino acid that has a hydrophilic R-group with an amino acid that has a hydrophobic R-group on the exterior of the hemoglobin protein. Such a mutation would most likely result in altered

protein secondary structure as a result of abnormal hydrophobic interactions between R-groups in the backbone of the protein

Which of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of base to be added to bring the solution to neutral pH?

soda at pH 2

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

the chemical versatility of carbon atoms.

A controlled experiment is one in which

there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.

What bonding or interaction is most likely to occur among a broad array of molecules of various types (polar, nonpolar, hydrophilic, hydrophobic)?

van der Waals interactions