Exam One

Most mammals have (how many) cervical vertebrae. Birds, generally, have ______ cervical vertebrae than mammals. Amphibians, generally, have _____ cervical vertebrae than mammals.

7 ; more ; fewer

Label the following structures on this ventral view of a wooly mammoth lumbar vertebra.

A - lamina B - transverse process C - Pedicle D - centrum

Which of the following are true of vertebrates? (select any/all that apply) All vertebrates are animals. All vertebrates are bilaterians . All bilaterians are vertebrates. All vertebrates are deuterostomes. All tetrapods are vertebrates. All vertebrates are tetrapods. All vertebrates are chordates . All deuterostomes are vertebrates.

All vertebrates are animals. All vertebrates are bilaterians All vertebrates are deuterostomes. All tetrapods are vertebrates. All vertebrates are chordates .

A vertebral centrum which is flat at the cranial and caudal end is termed ______________ Heterocoelus Procoelus Opisthocoelus Amphicoelus Amphyplatyan Biconvex

Amphyplatyan

Which of the following best describes the yellow-highlighted region of this vampire bat? Forelimb Brachial Antebrachial Manus Carpal Cubital Axillary

Brachial

In Tetrapods, the "arbor vita" describes the branching tree-like pattern of white matter in which brain region?

Cerebelum

Which of the following best describes the yellow-highlighted portion of this butterfly fish? Ventral caudal region Ventral region Dorsal caudal region Dorsal region Caudal region

Dorsal caudal region

A bird and a bat both possess anatomical features that form an airfoil that allows for flight (wings). The radius bone of a bird and the radius bone of a bat are ... The wing of a bird and the wing of a bat are ...

Homologous structures (homology) ; Analogous structures (homoplasy)

Which of the following are true regarding the epiphysis (AKA pineal body AKA pineal gland)? Regulates complex movements of the muscles of the body. Regulates the movement of the extraocular muscles. Processes the sense of smell. Processes the sense of taste. It relays information from the mesencephalon, rhombencephalon, and spinal cord to the prosencephalon. It regulates day/night and annual cycles.

It regulates day/night and annual cycles.

Which of the following best describes the yellow-highlighted portion of the horse skull? Pterygoid portion of the sphenoid bone Squamous portion of the sphenoid bone Petrous portion of the temporal bone Pterygoid portion of the temporal bone Petrous portion of the sphenoid bone Squamous portion of the temporal bone

Petrous portion of the temporal bone

The proper anatomical term for the cell's outer membrane (cell membrane) is _________________.

Plasma Membrane

In mammals, the ethmoid bone is _______ to the sphenoid bone. Caudal Superficial Lateral Proximal Medial Rostral

Rostral

Which of the following best describes the yellow-highlighted portion of the cow brain? The cerebellum region of the telencephalon. The cerebellum region of the metencephalon. The cerebellum region of the diencephalon. The cerebellum region of the mesencephalon. The cerebellum region of the myelencephalon.

The cerebellum region of the metencephalon.

This cow's cranium has been removed. The cut was made in which plane? Oblique Parasagittal Midsagittal Frontal/coronal Transverse

Transverse

Which cranial nerve 1) stems from the myelencephalon and 2) receives sensory information from and sends out motor information to the vital organs. Trochlear Olfactory Hypoglossal Trigeminal Vestibulocochlear Vagus

Vagus

Which of the following best describes the yellow-highlighted portion of the American alligator skull? a)Orbital region b)Cranial region c)Basioccipital region d)Cephalic region e)Otic region f)Ethmoid region g)Optic foramen

a

Neurons conduct efferent messages along... Neurons receive incoming messages (graded potentials) along...

axons; dendrites

Briefly, define each of the following anatomical structures/anatomical terms A) Osteocyte B) Glycocalyx C) Midsagittal D) Cephalic region E) Uncinate process F) Functional trade-off (define or provide an example from the skull, vertebral column, or nervous system) G) Basioccipital bone H) Neural tube I) Intervertebral foramen J) Suture

a) An osteocyte is a cell bone in bone tissue. b) glycocalyx is a sugary outer covering of the plasma membrane. c) midsaggital is the line that would cut the body in a left and right portion d) the cephalic region is the region of the head e) the unicate process is the process found in the ribs of birds that helps distribute the pressure of the flight muscles f) a functional trade off is one in which that in order to have one thing, another thing must be sacrificed. For example, in the vertebral column, in some taxa the sacral vertebrae are fused together more; this is a trade off because the fusion will allow for more stability in that region, but have less range of motion. g) the basioccipital bone is the part of the occipital that is found below the foramen magnum and articulates with the sphenoid bone. h) the neural tube is formed by the notochord during development i) the intervertebral foramen is the holes created by the articulation between two vertebrae j) a suture is the place of fusion between bones and found often in the cranium

Which of the following would best describe the image? a)This is a medial view of a fish skull and the arrow points cranially. b)This is a lateral view of a fish skull and the arrow points cranially. c)This is a lateral view of a fish skull and the arrow points rostrally. d)This is a medial view of a fish skull and the arrow points rostrally.

c

____________ are the basic units of life (vertebrate life or otherwise).

cells

The inner folded membrane of a mitochondria is called _____________________.

cristae

Starting at the pelvic (coxal) region, the arrows point _________________ (choose any/all terms which apply). Deep Ventrally Distally Laterally Caudally Inferiorly

distally

Mammals have three meningeal layers. From superficial to deep, these are _______, _______, and ______.

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Osteocytes live in voids in the bony extracellular matrix called ________________.

lacunae

Which of the following best describes the yellow-highlighted portion of the dog? Cephalic region Thoracolumbar region Precaudal region Thoracic region Lumbosacral region Brachial region

thoracic region

If a creature belongs to the clade of animals with a vertebral column, they are called ____________.

vertebrates