Experimental Psych Test 2

What is a longitudinal design?

temporal precedence evidence by measuring 2 variables under the same people at several points of time.

Which popular media hotline might suggest that a multiple regression has been used?

"Vacations are important for life satisfaction, even after correcting for length of vacation."

A measure that has high interrupter reliability...

2 or more interviewers agree

How many subcategories of quantitative variables exist?

3

Which of the following is a poll likely to measure?

A person's opinions about a healthcare law

When examining the results of a multiple regression, which of the following should be compared to determine which predictor variables have the largest relationship to the criterion variable?

Beta values

According to scott fraser some problems with eyewitness testimony include:

Both a and b

Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new measure of pathological gambling. The measure has 15 questions, and it takes 20 minutes to complete. To test his measure, Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of his clients and at the same time measures how many times they have been gambeling in the past month. He predicts that clients who score higher on his measure will also report more times in the past month. This procedure is meant to provide evidence for which of the following?

Crieton Validity

The degree to which a good scientific theory provides the simplest explanation of some phenomenon is known as _______

Parisomy

Why would behavioral observation be a good research method for studying a high frequency behavior?

Participants can't be responsible for tracking that much data.

Height is an example of?

Ratio

Which of the following is NOT an example of a probability sample?

Systematic Sampling

Such topics as the link between media and aggression and smoking and lung cancer have been studied with a variety of methods and by a variety of researchers and have all reached similar conclusions. This an example of which of the following?

pattern and parsinomy

research articles that use terms such as unbiased sample, random sample, or representative sample allow for readers to?

be confident in a study's external validity

Martin has found a correlation of r = .18 between the two variables of using prescription stimulants (e.g., Adderall) and frontal lobe activity. This correlation is more likely to be statistically significant if:

Martin used a larger number of subjects.

All of the following are true of betas and correlation coefficients EXCEPT:

Betas describe the relationship between two variables exactly as correlations coefficients do.

Which of the following is a necessary component of a longitudinal study?

Measuring the same variables at two or more points in time

Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester—Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He gives his students a survey. n the above scenario, 43 of 50 Introduction to Neuroscience students and 46 of 48 Psychology and Law students complete the survey. Based on this information, which of the following can Dr. Kramer say?

His sample came from his population of interest

Which of the following determines the construct validity of a survey question?

How well it is worded

For his research methods class project, Hiro is studying the effects of pet ownership on stress levels. Although a lot of research had been done on dog and cat owners, not much is known about other pets, so Hiro decides to study bird owners. Which of the following would demonstrate a purposive sampling technique?

National birds association

Which of the following is another term for response sets?

Nondiff

While reading about a research study, which of the following would tell you that an association claim is being made?

The measurement of two variables

A correlation coefficient and a scatterplot both provide which of the following pieces of information?

The strength and direction of the relationship between two measurements

Which of the following is NOT true of third variables and mediating variables?

Third variables can be detected using multiple regression techniques, but mediating variables cannot.

With correlational studies and regression analysis you can see the patterns and come to conclusions that A causes B

True

A correlation - based statistic that measures a scale's internal reliability.

cronbach's alpha

What is construct validity?

how well variables were measured

What is the difference between random sampling and random assignment

random sampling - picking random participants random assigning - assigning peeps to random groups

an externally valid sample is

refers to how generalizable the findings are

a sample is always ___ than a population

smaller

Snowball is random

true

Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the potential causal relationship between doing homework and academic achievement. In January, Dr. Farah has her students report their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement) and estimate how many hours they spent doing homework during a typical week in the fall semester. In May, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the estimated number of hours spent doing homework during a typical week in the spring semester and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. Which of the following correlations is a cross sectional correlation?

1 and 6

When is the potential third variable a problem with correlations?

false correlation

Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the potential causal relationship between doing homework and academic achievement. In January, Dr. Farah has her students report their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement) and estimate how many hours they spent doing homework during a typical week in the fall semester. In May, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the estimated number of hours spent doing homework during a typical week in the spring semester and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. correlation 4 is an example of what?

Cross lag

When conducting longitudinal research, researchers typically find ______ to be the most interesting.

Cross-lag correlations

A researcher has examined a variety of correlational studies that point to a causal relationship between two variables. All of the studies have found a positive relationship between the two variables, but for ethical reason, no experiments have been conducted. using an approach of pattern and parsimony, the researcher may begin to make a casual claim by doing which of the following?

Specifying a mechanism or explanation for the causal relationship.

Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants is narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Dr. Rodriquez is concerned about the validity of the measure of narcissism recommended by her colleague. Dr. R is concerned whether her measure will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept. She is worried about the scale's?

Validity

Which of the following is true of a non representative sample in a research claim?

You should ask whether it is relevant to what the researchers are measuring.

Establishing construct validity is most important for which of the following?

an abstract concept

Which of the following describes test-retest reliability?

measure of consistency of scores over time

having a Z score of zero means?

score is identical to average score

Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants is narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Dr. Rodriquez is concerned about the validity of the measure of narcissism recommended by her colleague. Dr. R calculates a correlation between question 1 and 2...

this is reliable and accurate.

For her research methods class, Serena plans to interview several teachers about their attitude toward teaching children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is an example of what type of measurement?

Self-report measurement

Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants is narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Dr. Rodriquez is concerned about the validity of the measure of narcissism recommended by her colleague. She sends a copy of the measure to the faculty members in her psychology department to look at, and the all tell her it looks like it will measure narcissism. She now has evidence of which of the following?

face validity