Family Relationships Test 1

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symbolic interaction theory

A theory that emphasizes the symbols we use in everyday interaction - words, gestures, appearances - and how these are interpreted

ludus love

A type of love emphasizing fun and enjoyment. game playing

romantic love

A type of love that is characterized by passion, melodrama, and excitement, and which receives a lot of media attention

heterogamous marriage

A type of marriage in which spouses do not share certain social characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, education, age, and social class

__ of children live in poverty

1/5 we have safety nets-social security-for elderly but not for children

1/3 of children in India are married before

18

over life course

2 drops- start high-newly wed with no children, raising kids-drops-stress, responsibility, less focus on marriage, more kids=less happy raise when kids move out of house

Shane thinks of himself as gay, although he has only had a same-sex sexual experience one time. Approximately what percentage of the population has a gay or lesbian identity?

2-3

the rise of the "modern family"

20th century marriage based on mutual affection actual feelings of love personal choice rather than economic motive happiness GI bill gets men education after military, new neighborhoods outside of city, schools built, low interest loans without immigrants we wouldn't have the prosperous nation that we have today

what is the poverty threshold for a family of four

24,000

Among those who cohabit, in which age group are they most likely to be?

30-39

how many people in the US live in poverty?

47 million

high family rejection of gays-results in

8.4X attempted suice 5.9X high depression 3.4X illegal drugs 3.4X unprotected sex

passive-congenial marriage

80% of marriages fall under this category, independent of each other, not in love, do their own thing, live separate lives

ethnicity

A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race.

status

A social position that a person holds

Reiss's Wheel Theory of Love

A developmental theory that shows relationships moving from the establishment of rapport, to self-revelation, mutual dependence, and finally, need fulfillment

sexology

A field comprised of a multidisciplinary group of clinicians, researchers, and educators who study sexuality

race

A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics.

matriarchy

A society ruled or controlled by women

A study that asked Black- and White-sounding telephone callers to inquire about an advertised apartment for rent found:

A study that asked Black- and White-sounding telephone callers to inquire about an advertised apartment for rent found:

extended families

families that include not only parents and children, but also other family members, such as grandparents, uncles, aunts, or cousins

marriage

institutional arrangement between persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds

Students in elementary schools around the country are generally taught that Christopher Columbus "discovered" America. This is an example of __________.

institutional racism

stability

intact, has divorce been mentioned

sternberg's triangular theory of love

intimacy, passion, commitment ideal relationship has all of them

utilitarian- conflict habituated marriage, devitalized marriage, passive congenial marriage

intrinsic-vital, total

Telling a person something private about yourself that he or she would not otherwise know is called:

self-disclosure

isolation of young people

separate boys and girls-influence on dating, different religious services or very close supervision

Your membership in certain groups, such as your sex, race, or social class, shapes who you are, the values you hold, and the opportunities and constraints you experience, including with regard to sexuality. This implies that:

sex is social

Evan had a crush on Lily, but the feelings were not reciprocated. This is an example of:

unrequited love

kinship rules

adopting specific kinship rules so there is little choice as to whom to marry incest taboo

Empirical Approach

an approach that answers questions through a systematic collection and analysis of data

anxious-ambivalent attachment

an attachment type where infants become nervous when their parent leaves the room and can show rejection when the parent returns

avoidant attachment

an attachment type where infants show little attachment to their primary parent

sociobiology

an evolutionary theory that all humans have an instinctive impulse to pass on their genetic material

selection effect

an explanation for the fact that people who cohabit tend to be the same ones who later divorce

poverty threshold

an income level below that which is needed to support families or households

marriage

an institutional arrangement between persons to publicly recognize social and intimate bonds

communication

an interactive process that uses symbols like words and gestures to both send and receive messages

bisexual

an orientation in which a person is attracted to both males and females

agape love

an unconditional love for others-lay down your life for them-do anything for them

lees style of loving

analysis of love eros,mania, ludus, store, pragma, agape eros, mania, ludus-superficial-carefree storage, pragma, agape-companionate love

attachment theory

antifeminist-mother blaming theory-not supported by many mother-child relationship is important but can develop relationships with either sex-lack=issues

voluntary stable singles

Are single and satisfied with that choice

intimate partner power

a type of power that involves decision making among intimate partners, their division of labor, and their sense of entitlement

which of the following might explain sex differences in communication?

Certain regions of the prefrontal brain area are activated differently; both hemispheres are activated in women when they perform language tasks whereas only the left hemisphere is activated in men.

Identify the effects of cohabitation on children.

Children who live with their mother and her unmarried partner have poorer school performance and exhibit more behavioral problems than do children who live solely with a single mother, with a mother and stepfather, or with two biological parents.

What do we mean when we say, "communication includes a co-construction of meanings"?

Each partner speaks a language and interprets meaning in a way acquired from his or her family of orientation.

Many attitudes about marriage have changed over the past few decades. Which is not one of these changes?

Few people now believe that a single women having a baby is "a bad thing for society."

family decline

Family life is seriously degraded by movement away from traditional marriage (breadwinner/homemaker) and children. Excessive individualism and self-indulgence. institution of family itself is declining-hedonistic pursuit of happiness- put your own needs first (choose to get divorced)

storge

Family love or affection

The percentage of high school seniors who "never date" has gone __________; while the percentage of high school seniors who date "more than once a week" has gone __________ since 2000.

up; down

patrilineal example

John, John sr, john junior-passing down of one mans name-power

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Language shapes our culture, and at the same time, our culture shapes our language.

cohabitation

Living together without being married has increased spurious-other factors may influence-cant determine link-could be selection affect-those who divorce are more likely to divorce anyway-or is cohabitation the cause more likely to divorce if you cohabitant

Maria's parents threw her a quinceneanera. why did they do this?

Maria just turned 15 and this is her "coming out" ceremony

monogamy

Marriage to only one person at a time

nuclear family

Mother, father and children living as a unit

social mobility

Movement of individuals or groups from one position in a society's stratification system to another

Polygyny

One male, several females.

involuntary stable singles

People who would like to marry or remarry but haven't found a suitable mate Accept their single status as permanent

Which racial or ethnic group is most likely to go to college and to earn an advanced degree?

asian

Our earliest forms of love are:

attachments to our primary caregiver

implicit bias

attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner

covenant marriage

available in AZ, LA, AR that restricts access to divorce, requires premarital counseling and imposes other rules and regulations does not apply to homosexuals

Which of the following statements about gay and lesbian intimate relationships is true?

Somewhere between 40 and 60 percent of gay men are in committed relationships.

social classes

upper class, upper middle class, middle class, working class, working poor, underclass middle class is shrinking-affected by social mobility

marriage premium

The concept that married people are happier, healthier, and financially better off than those who are not married richer does no apply to all families causal protection effect or selection effect? both

Which of the following statements best describes the trends of the median age of marriage between 1890 and today?

The median age at marriage was higher for both men and women in 1890 than it was in 1950.

marriage rates

The number of people who remain unmarried throughout their lives has remained relatively the same throughout history.

socialization

The process by which people learn customs and values of their culture.

features of love

Trust, Care, Honesty, Friendship, Respect, Desire to promote the well-being of the other, Loyalty, Commitment, Accepting the other without wanting to change the other, Support, and desire to be in the others company.

Which of the following best describes Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

Which of the following best describes Sternberg's triangular theory of love?

Which of the following represents a sex difference in communication?

Women are more polite in tone and are more likely to show interest and concern.

race

a category describing people who share real or perceived physical straits that society deems socially significant (skin color)

minority group

a category of people who have less power than the dominant group and who are subject to unequal treatment

experiment

a controlled method for determining cause and effect

In Iraq, it's quite common and considered safe to marry:

a cousin

dowry

a financial gift given to a woman's prospective in-laws by her parents

polyandry

a form of marriage in which women have more than one husband

ethnic groups

a group of people who share specific cultural features

bilateral descent

a kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important

social institution

a major sphere of social life, with a set of beliefs and rules that is organized to meet basic human needs

companionate family

a marriage based on mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility, and personal happiness

bypassing

a misunderstanding that occurs between a sender and a receiver because of the symbolic nature of language

prejudice

a negative attitude about members of selected racial and ethnic groups

mania love

a possessive, dependent, and often controlling style of love

family

a relationship by blood, marriage or affection, in which members may cooperate economically, may care for children and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group

secure attachment

a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver-feel safe when mother is in sight

In explaining the marriage premium, Professor Rubenstein's research shows that people who marry may be different from those who don't marry—they may be happier, healthier, and they have more money. This explanation is called:

a selection effect.

dating scripts

a set of expectations around dating that are somewhat different for men and women

double standard

a set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women internalized by men and women

hooking up

a sexual encounter with no expectation of further involvement or commitment

focus group

a small group interview of people who are brought together to discuss a particular topic

social structure

a stable framework of social relationships that guides our interactions with others

love

a strong affection for another person due to kinship, personal ties, sexual attraction, admiration, or common interests

transsexual

a subset of transgender persons who transition to the sex that conforms to their identity

social stratification

a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy

feminist theory

a theory in which gender is seen as the central concept for explaining family structure and family dynamics

relative love and need theory

a theory of power that looks at the way that love itself is feminized, defined, and interpreted

resource theory

a theory of power that suggests that the spouse with the more prestigious or higher paying job can use that advantage to generate more power in the relationship and thereby influence decision making

doing gender

a theory of power that suggests that we take power differentials between men and women for granted and continue to reproduce them

structural functionalism theory

a theory that attempts to determine the structure, systems, functions, and equilibrium of social institutions

social exchange theory

a theory that draws on a model of human behavior used by many economists. it assumes that individuals are rational beings, and their behavior reflects decisions evaluated on the basis of costs-both direct and opportunity costs-and benefits-family decision making, divorce

conflict theory

a theory that emphasizes issues surrounding social inequality, power, conflict, and social change

developmental theory

a theory that suggests families and individual family members go through distinct stages over time, with each stage having its own set of tasks, roles, and responsibilities

value conflict

a type of conflict that results from differing opinions on subjects that relate to personal values and issues of right or wrong

ego conflict

a type of conflict where individuals believe they must win at all costs to save face

content conflict

a type of conflict where individuals disagree about information

peer marriage

a type of marriage in which couples consider themselves to have equal status or standing in the relationship

peer marriages

a type of marriage in which couples consider themselves to have equal status or standing in the relationship

discrimination

behaviors actions or practices based on racial or ethnic preferences that have harmful impacts

marriage has shifted from being the cornerstone to the capstone of adult life

benefits of delaying marriage-higher income, lower divorce rates

same sex couples

better negotiate problems, better sex lives, less hostile, more loving in some cases very few differences

romantic love is

big in our society

elderly population Is growing fast

biggest-people over 85 years old-having less kids and people are living longer

whites and asians are more likely to be married than

blacks and hispanics

What do we mean when we say that the relationship between cohabitation and divorce is spurious?

both cohabitation and divorce are really caused by a third factor

A number of changes in families have taken place over the past several decades, including __________.

both men and women are postponing the age of marriage

Which of the following statements is true regarding the double standard?

both men and women uphold the double standard

Your romantic partner told you that he was "sick and tired." But you are unsure what that really means. Does he want to break up, or is he literally ill and sleepy? This imprecision with words represents a specific barrier to verbal communication known as:

bypassing

The dating practice of the 18th and 19th centuries in which a young man would visit a young woman in her parents' home, sometimes staying for days, was called __________.

calling

jealousy

can be rational or irrational men more likely to deny their jealous feelings, while women are more likely to acknowledge them can lead to dangerous behavior

family size is shrinking

can't afford to have as many children

child marriage

choose a mate for your child before sexuality and puberty hit-make sure they remain pure

Demographer Judith Seltzer notes several important demographic trends that indicate that cohabitation is changing. Which is one of these?

cohabitation couples are more likely to become parents than they were in the past

opening up to yourself-your journey is beginning, you're asking yourself questions

coming out-you are actively talking for the first time with others about your sexual orientation or gender identity living openly- the ongoing phase after the initial conversation about your life as LGBT person. now able to tell new people that come into your life where and when it feels appropriate to you

nonverbal communication

communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech

What type of family model that emerged in the 20th century was based on four patterns: mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility, and personal happiness?

companionate family

Lois and Doug have been married for many years. Although the "excitement" of their love is not something they think much about these days, they both value their commitment to one another and strong feeling of trust. What type of love best describes their relationship?

companionate love

successful marriages

compatibility, flexibility, positive attitudes, communication and conflict resolution, emotional support

stalking

conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to be fearful repeated and unwanted, intrusive and frightening, following, calling, waiting, etc

In an essay for your class you decide to use a theoretical perspective that emphasizes issues surrounding social inequality, power, and social change. What theory is this?

conflict theory

satisfaction

conflict, contentment, commitment, happiness

Brandon and Tiana have been married for a number of years. They argue often, and on at least two occasions their arguments have turned violent. Neither one feels that these conflicts are reason to divorce; they see this type of conflict as a normal part of marriage. What type of marriage do they have?

conflict-habituated

Which of the following is a macro-level perspective on love?

controlling the development of love

families communicate

cornerstone of relationships develop social and relational communication skills within our families of origin majority of problems in marriage and families stem from poor communication

non regulated couples

couples who have many negative communication exchanges

regulating couples

couples who use communication to promote closeness and intimacy

Julian and Lucy are deeply committed to their faith and strongly believe that traditional marriage is the cornerstone of society. They have decided to have a type of marriage that would require some marriage preparation and restrict their future access to divorce. This is called a __________.

covenant marriage

Four Horsemen

criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling turn on your partner for support

gender

culturally and socially constructed differences between males and females: meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with "feminist" and "masculinity"

pseudoconflict

falsely perceiving that our partner is interfering with our goals or has incompatible goals

poor and working classes

dangerous hardships-people working 60-80 hours a week before overtime was established, state-macro level policies made laws and policies about beating kids, child labor, hitting wives etc

calling became

dating

high school dating patterns

dating has decreased

Jonah is a college student. He received a D on his recent Anthropology midterm. He is angry, and plans to talk to his professor about it, explaining why he thinks he deserves a higher grade. Chances are, Jonah lives in a culture with a __________ dimension.

decentralized

divorce rate has ___ since the 80s

declined

teen birth rate has

declined

biological and chemical aspect of love

different brain chemicals, hormone fire body releases endorphins body responds in different ways when we are in love or feel a deep attachment to someone

Which is not one of the pathways from poverty to adverse child outcomes described in your text?

difficult social capital

conflict

disagreements over decision making, problem solving or achieving goals that can result from differences between group members in personality, perception, information, tolerance for risk and power or influence

attraction and loss of appetite and sleep

dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, nerve growth factor, increased heart rate and other physical effects

dating

emerged after industrialization and the invention of adolescence labor laws create adolescents and young people no longer working all the time and start to date automobiles-access to car-dates-travel and go places

Ben Barres, a neurobiologist and professor at Stanford University discussed in the text has the unique experience of living as both a woman and a man after his sex change operation. What did he learn from this experience?

ernersto's ethnicity is cuban

covenant marriage

expands the marriage contract to a lifelong commitment between the partners within a supportive community

covenant marriage

expands the marriage contract to a lifelong commitment between the partners within a supportive community, premarital counseling

active listening

extremely attentive listening, where the listener has good eye contact and body language, and encourages the other person to continue talking

tend to marry inside our

faith

Dr. Livingston is giving a lecture in his class. He is discussing a relationship by blood, marriage, or affection, in which members may cooperate economically, may care for children, and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group. What is this relationship called?

family

The family that you create through marriage, partnering and/or parenthood is called

family of procreation

familialism

family relationships in which sharing and cooperation take precedence over one's personal needs and desires

family decline vs family resilience

family size is shrinking postponing marriage divorce rate has declined more single parent households 2/3 of mothers work outside the home ethnicity of population is changing increase of cohabitation middle class is shrinking 1/3 of children living in poverty teen birth rate has declined elderly population is growing fast

Which theory presented in Chapter 1 would be useful for understanding the impact of extramarital sex, by reminding us that family members are inextricably linked, and what happens between the members is likely to influence the whole group?

family systems theory

macro-level perspective on families

focus on interconnectedness of marriage, families, intimate relationships with rest of society

micro-level perspective on families

focus on the individual and his or her interactions in specific families

Kim's parents stated that her curfew was midnight, whereas her twin brother Shane was allowed to stay out until 1:00. Her parents said that Kim's earlier curfew was because "girls who stay out late get bad reputations - good girls shouldn't be out late." What concept is in play?

gender

his and her marriage

gender differences Women less happy and more distressed than men (so many responsibilities), physical health benefits for men, reduces men risky behavior

Yolanda's mom and dad take their role as parents seriously. They want their young daughter to conform to traditional expectations, so they make sure that she is dressed in pretty clothes, that she doesn't get too dirty, that she plays with dolls, and that she doesn't behave in ways that they consider too active or aggressive. This teaching process is called:

gender socialization

propinquity

geographical closeness also why we often end up in homogamous relationships-interact with people around us-pool of eigibles

age

getting married later-education, cohabitation

success sequence

graduate from hs, get married after 20, have a child, 92% likelihood of avoiding poverty, out of order-79% change of living in poverty

companionate love

grows over time, built on intimacy, support, trust and commitment (not involved in romantic love)

marriage premium

happier, healthier, richer blacks and hispanics don't experience the same degree of financial benefits

teen pregnancy

has decreased

marital happiness higher for those who

have college or higher education, similar religious practices, married after 20

dominant (master) status

have more authority-gender, race, religion-white, protestant, male-affect family opportunities and choices

heterosexual

having an attraction and preference for developing romantic and sexual relationships with the opposite sex

homosexual

having an attraction and preference for relationships with members of one's own sex

Homophobia

having very strong negative feelings toward homosexuality

Levi is transgender. This means:

he feels normal as a man, even though he was actually born female

An interracial marriage is an example of a(n) __________ marriage.

heterogamous

The idea that men benefit from marriage to a greater degree than do women has been nicknamed by Jessie Bernard __________.

his and her marriage

Zoe and Luis met for the first time at a party at their university, and after several drinks and a few hours of conversation, they went to his dorm room. They kissed, caressed, and fondled each other with their hands, but not to the point of orgasm. Their behavior could be referred to as __________.

hooking up

dating patters

impact of social media and online dating-increase in heterogamy-more likely to have interracial relationship, can live far away (propinquity not a barrier) pool of eligibles must larger-hooking up has increased greatly

pathways from poverty to adverse child outcomes

inadequate health and nutrition, fewer resources for learning, poor quality neighborhoods

Among men, increased sexual satisfaction leads to increased relationship satisfaction. Among women:

increased relationship satisfaction leads to increased sexual satisfaction.

Which is the best example of a macro-level factor in U.S. history that shaped families?

industrialization

unmarried partners can

inherit money from one another, travel out of the country together, buy a house together

devitalized marriage

initially in love, became unhappy but are staying together

At age 43, Rebecca decided to adopt a child on her own because she tired of waiting around for "Mr. Right" to come along. She would prefer to be married, but decided to move on with her life and not to wait for "Mr. Right". Rebecca is an example of a(n):

involuntary stable single

There are several specific barriers to understanding verbal communication. Which is the best example of "polarization"?

its all your fault

family resilience

lack of institution of marriage less strict rules

Which minority group in the U.S. is the largest in size, and which is the smallest?

largest: Hispanic; smallest: Native American/Alaska Native

Cohabitation and Children

leads to more negative than positive outcomes-behavior problems, academic problems, less financial resources going to the child (money goes to other things) better for a child that would be in the poverty threshold for a single mother- more economic potential bc they cohabitant and share expenses

Research on the sexual relationships of gays and lesbians reveals:

lesbians may engage in sex less frequently than gay men or heterosexual women, although this may be a function of the way that "sex" is defined.

conflict habituated marriage

lots of fighting and arguing

Marriage has moved away from being an institution based primarily on practical considerations to one based primarily on __________.

love

__________ is defined as (1) a strong affection for one another arising out of kinship or personal ties; (2) attraction based on sexual desire; and (3) affection based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests.

love

Which of the following styles of love represents a playful and carefree style of love, according to John Lee's typology?

ludus

as women improve their economic status

male female relationships tend to become more egalitarian-clear patterns of male dominance continue to exist even in the United States.

according to the sociological imagination

many patterns in society are shaped by social and cultural forces, rather than by individual whim or random events

50% of adults 18 or older are

married 72% in the 1960s blacks have lowest marriage rate, many do not marry because of economic reasons high unemployment rate in blacks average age at which we marry has been increasing since 1960 for both men and women median age at first marriage-15 years or older

Which of the following groups are most likely to say that they are "very happy"?

married; non parent

black men are much more likely to

marry outside of their race than black women

What were the views towards masturbation in early America?

masturbation was unheard of for women and thought to be dangerous for men

egalitarian

men and women are equal promoting equal rights for all people

Which of the following is true regarding sex differences in love, according to your text?

men are more likely to be looking for a partner and they fall in love sooner

the best to understand families is to link

micro-level and macro-level perspectives

ethnicity of the population is changing

middle class shrinking

women

more independent now, don't need to rely on men for income and to support household less stigma

younger you're married

more likely you are to divorce

the younger you are the

more likely you are to divorce (before 21)

social mobility

movement from one social class to another

qualitative research

narrative description with words rather than numbers to analyze patterns and their underlying meanings

in the U.S people who marry usually set up their own residence, rather than living with their parents. this is called

neolocal

When we say that Jono and Meghan are single, what we really mean is that they are _________.

never married

single

never married, divorced, widowed, sentenced "never married"includes cohabitating, problem? divorced then remarried?

lesbians are more affectionate and committed than gays

no difference between same and heterosexual couples

Which type of couple is most likely to use conflict techniques such as contempt, stonewalling or belligerence?

non endearing couples

fictive kin

non relatives whose bonds are strong and intimate

The phrase "actions speak louder than words" refers to:

nonverbal communication is often more believable than verbal communication when the two are in conflict.

sexuality

not static, is fluid-can change over time

sex trends

onset, adolescents, teen pregnancy

kids with certain attachments when young usually have

opposite attachments when parents

felatio

oral stimulation of a man's genitals

cunnilingus

oral stimulation of the female genitals

formally free

our culture* young people are free to choose their own mates implicit or hidden social mechanisms send kids to Ivy League,boarding school, funneling them into friend groups or opportunities that shape their pool of eligibles sexual scripts-norms/rules regarding sexual behavior that we learn from a variety of places, highly heteronormative and intertwined with binary notions of gender

avoid communication pitfalls

overgeneralizing, be specific bias, and offensive language speaking in extremes

stereotypes

oversimplified sets of beliefs about a group of people

attachment chemicals

oxytocin and vasopressin

agents of socialization

parents (most influential-teach gender roles) toys, schools, peers, mass media

how we learn about sex

parents and sex, teachers and peers, least likely to learn about sex through our siblings

racial socialization

parents teach their children to negotiate race-related barriers and experiences in a racially stratified society and to take pride in their ancestry

total marriage

participate in each other's lives at all levels and have few areas of tension and hostility. Spouses share their lives and information with each other; more encompassing than vital marriage

vital marriage

partners lives are closely intwined they spend time together resolve conflicts through comprise, often make sacrifices for each other, consider sex important and pleasurable, resolves disagreements quickly

institutional racism

patterns of discrimination based on ethnicity that have become structured into existing social institutions

Who coined the popular term, "peer marriage"?

pepper schwartz

sex and relationships

plays huge role in success of relationship intimacy positive correlation

William is a man who has three wives. Altogether with his wives he has fathered 13 children. What is this marriage and family pattern called?

polygyny

decreased when experiencing

poverty job loss financial problems

The reason that relationships are usually homogamous is that people tend to become involved with others who live in their neighborhoods or go to the same schools or work nearby. This concept of geographical closeness is referred to as:

propinquity

family acceptance

protects against depression, suicidal behavior, and substance abuse promotes self esteem, social support and overall health

mesosystem

provides connections across microsystems

One function associated with families is social placement, status, and roles. Which of the following is the best example of this function?

providing one's initial social class position

number one factor in mate selection

proximity

Quantitative research focuses on data that can be measured numerically, as found in surveys or experiments, whereas __________ refers to a narrative description with words rather than numbers to analyze patterns and their underlying meanings.

qualitative

increase in people marrying outside of

race and ethnicity

intersectionality

race, class and sex are interwoven and together they shape the nuances of our lives-aspects of power, privilege and oppression affect it

colorism

receiving more privileges or disadvantages based on the shade of skin color; evident within the same racial or ethnic group

Patrilocal

refers to the pattern in which married couples live with or near the husbands' parents

social status

refers to the social position that one occupies

universal functions of family

regulate sexual behavior, encourage economic cooperation, reproduce and socialize children

functions of family

regulation of sexual behavior, reproducing and socializing children, property inheritance (know who your heirs are, land, money, etc), economic cooperation, social placement-status-roles (race, ethnicity, many identities shared-some different, socioeconomic status, religion), care-warmth-protection and intimacy (nurturing-intimacy-emotional care and support)

patrilineal

relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the father

matrilineal

relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother

other factors

relationship with parents, quality and stability of parent's marriage, shared values goals and characteristics, religious faith and practice frequency and satisfaction with sexual relationship satisfaction with gender relations and divisions of household labor

homogamy

relationships in which we spend most of our time with people who are similar to ourselves with people who look like us, and like us back opposites attract is false-does not create positive relationships

Which theory or theories of power offer a macro-level perspective?

relative love and need theory; doing gender

In their relationship, Calvin earns a lot more money than does his partner Jessica. This has translated into Calvin having more power in their relationship. This is the premise of __________.

resource theory

filial piety

respect and obedience towards one's parents

Mrs. Wang said that she would give her daughter $100 if she received straight As on her next report card. This is an example of __________.

reward power

Eros

romantic love

Feng is from China. He is trying to figure out American culture. He notices that American culture prohibits sex with children, as does his culture. But America does not prohibit sex among unmarried people or those of different religious faiths, races, or ethnic backgrounds, and his culture looks down on this. The norms or rules about sex are called:

sexual scripts

ethnicity

shared cultural characteristics such as language, place of origin, dress, food, religion and other values

huge rise in

single father households

involuntary temporary singles

singles actively searching for a mate but unable to find a suitable one

institutional discrimination

social institutions such as the government, religion, and education create policies and practices that are systematically disadvantageous to certain groups

In the opening vignette, Becca was born into poverty, and spent time homeless and begging on the streets as a young adult. Through some luck and hard work she has found a job and a decent place to live and moved out of poverty. This is an example of:

social mobility

social capital

social networks and norms of reciprocity that are important for a strong civil society, valuable source of information such as-resource for job leads- absence makes social mobility difficult

exosystem

social settings that a person may not experience firsthand but that still influence development-parents workplace

Dr. Chen is giving a lecture in class. She is discussing the hierarchical ranking of categories of people within society. What is this ranking called?

social stratification

What is the name of the evolutionary theory that all humans have an instinctive impulse to pass on their genetic material?

sociobiology

Researchers usually define social class as some combination of education, occupation, and income, and this combination is referred to as __________.

socioeconomic status (SES)

socioeconomic status (SES)

some combination of education, occupation, and income children, blacks, hispanics, and female headed households are most vulnerable

resilience

some say no its not declining but the family is remarkable because it shifts and changes over time and is still viable institution ex-age of marriage is increasing-this leads to better family life and divorce rate declines

arranged marriage love

storge

another factor in family decline-resilience

struggling to recover after second depression

Patriarchy

take on husbands name typically patriarchal-some matriarchal patterns exist in other countries male dominates norm or expectation that men have a natural right to be in positions of authority over women and have more value than women

married couples require adjusting to changes throughout the life course

taking care of household and children caring for aging parents and relatives world-family conflict is a critical and unresolved issue

gender socialization

teaching the cultural norms associated with being male or female

self disclosure

telling a person something private about yourself that he or she would not otherwise know

human agency

the ability of human beings to create viable lives even when they are constrained or limited by social forces

power

the ability to exercise your will

social power

the ability to exercise your will over another person

marriage movement

the activities of a group of some religious leaders, marriage and family therapists, and government leaders who hope to influence public policy to promote and strengthen traditional marriage

marriage movement

the activities of some religious and government leaders, as well as marriage and family therapists, who hope to influence public policy to promote and strengthen traditional marriage

heteronormativity

the assumption that heterosexuality is normal and all other sexual identities are abnormal-default sexual orientation "husband and wife"

sex

the biological distinction between females and males and their role in reproduction

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

the concept that language shapes our culture, and at the same time, our culture shapes our language

personal power

the degree of autonomy a person has to exercise his or her will

6 styles of effective listeners

the faker-looks like they're listening, thinking of something else dependent listener-want to please the speaker, do whatever they can to stay on their good side, agree with them to maintain the good status the interrupter-wont let you finish what you're saying, say more words than they are listening or understanding self conscious listener- similar to dependent listener-insecure, trying to impress the speaker intellectual listener-very focused on the words that you're saying but missing nonverbal cues-nonvernals are important judge and jury listener-so focused on judging the ideas that they don't listen

family of orientation

the family you are born into

family of procreation

the family you make through marriage, partnering or parenthood

menarche

the first menstrual period

pool of eligibles

the group from which we are likely to choose our mates different groups have different pools of eligibles impact of institutional discrimination-college educated black women have smaller pool of eligibles-smaller amount of black men that are homogamous to them older men have larger pool of eligibles than older women-old hags men- money-sugar daddiez

social stratification

the hierarchical ranking of categories of people within society

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

the idea that different languages create different ways of thinking

attachment theory

the idea that early attachments with parents and other caregivers can shape relationships for a person's whole life childhood to adult internal model anxiety and avoidance

principle of least interest

the idea that unequal emotional involvement between romantic partners has implications for the quality and stability of relationships

A micro-level perspective on families tends to focus on __________, whereas a macro-level perspective focuses on _________

the individual and his or her interactions in specific settings; the interconnectedness of marriage, families, and intimate relationships with the rest of society

Gina and Matthew are first cousins, in love, and would like to marry. The laws in their state forbid marriage between first cousins. This is an example of:

the macro-side of marriage.

master status

the major defining status or statuses that a person occupies

Carmen believes that marriages are not really weaker than they were in the past. She thinks that the real threats to marriage are social problems such as poverty, discrimination, poor schools, or the lack of social services that families need to remain strong and resilient. Her views represent:

the marital resilience perspective.

Glen works as a marriage and family therapist. He has joined a group of other therapists and religious leaders in writing policy briefs for their state legislators promoting ways to strengthen traditional marriage, such as reducing divorce and reducing unmarried pregnancy. Glen is likely part of __________.

the marriage movement

sexual scripts

the norms or rules regarding sexual behavior

conflict-habituated marriage

the partners fight both verbally and physically but don't believe that fighting is a good reason for divorce

vital marriage

the partners have a close relationship, resolve conflicts quickly through compromise, and often make sacrifices for each other

devitalized marriage

the partners were initially in love; one or both may now be unhappy but are committed to staying married

sexual orientation

the pattern of sexual and emotional attraction, romantic and intimate attractions to partners

agents of socialization

the primary groups responsible for gender socialization

feminization of love

the process beginning in the 19th century in which love became associated with the private work of women in the home, namely, nurturing and caring for family members

arranged marriage

the process by which senior family members exercise a great degree of control over the choice of their children's spouses

listening

the process of giving thoughtful attention to what we hear

With respect to relationships and breakups:

the relationship between adolescent romance and self-esteem could be, at least in part, a selection effect

sexual orientation

the sexual and romantic pattern of partners of choice

verbal communication

the spoken exchange of thoughts, feelings or other messages

biochemical perspective of love

theories that suggest humans are attracted to certain types of people, at which point the brain releases natural chemicals that give us a rush we experience as sexual attraction

what determines sexual orientation

there is no specific consensus yet, but it is likely a complex set of biological (genetics and hormones) and social factors shape who we are most people sense little or no choice over orientation

intersexed

those born with genitalia that do not clearly identify them as unambiguously male or female

romantic love

type of love consisting of intimacy and passion

agape love

unconditional love

privilege

unearned and often acknowledged advantages different kinds of privilege-not just race (white) also educational, work,etc

voluntary temporary singles

unmarried adults who may be delaying marriage while pursuing education or establishing a career

How we define "family" is important for many reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons.

unmarried partners cannot file jointly on federal taxes

The emergence of dating began in the 19th and early 20th century, and was related to several social changes. what were some of these changes

urbanization provided jobs, disposable income and places to socialize, a new period of time between childhood and adulthood was recognized-adolescence, automobiles provided transportation and a place for intimacy

Jos and Pia have different feelings about abortion, and it is creating conflict in their relationship. Jos thinks that abortion is murder, and Pia does not, and feels that the choice to have an abortion should be left up to the mother. This is an example of

value conflict

colonial america

wanted slaves to have families to produce more slaves but they would split the families up

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the intersections of sex, gender, race, ethnicity, and class?

we have multiple statuses, and they interact to shape our lives

The "romantic love ideal" developed during the 18th and 19th centuries. Which of the following is a core belief of this ideal?

we should marry for love

transgender

when a person feels as comfortable, if not more so, in expressing gendered traits that are associated with the other sex

spurious

when a relationship between two variables is actually caused by a third variable

unrequited love

when ones persons feelings are not reciprocated by the other person in the relationship

Ben Barres, a neurobiologist and professor at Stanford University discussed in the text has the unique experience of living as both a woman and a man after his sex change operation. What did he learn from this experience?

women are routinely discriminated against and are often unaware of it

The emergence of dating began in the 19th and early 20th century, and was related to several social changes. Which is not one of these changes?

women got vote, which increased their political power

talk more about consent to

women than men, teach men how to use condoms


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