Field Craft 3

What are reasons that mosquitoes are the most important anthropod to the miltary

- Mosquitoes are everywhere - Capable of transmitting a large number diseases -

Signs and symptoms of malaria

-Fever alternating with chills -Headache -Muscle Aches -Sweats -Abdonminal pain with diarrhea

Immediate Danger Signals related to suicide

-Talking about their death or hinting suicide -Giving away important possessions -Obsession with death, sad music, or sad poetry -Uncharacteristic behaviors -Significant change in performance -Has specific plans to commit suicide and access to lethal means -Buying a gun in connection with any of the above

How many species of scorpians are deadly to humans in the southwestern US

1

When do symptoms of a black widow spider start

10-60 minutes after the bite

Black widow spider symptoms

10-60 minutes- severe pain, muscle spasm of abdomen and trunk 24-36 Hours- Headache, N/V

What is the incubation period of malaria

7-30 days

Sandfly Fever

Acute, self limiting viral disease transmitted through the bite of a sandfly.

What type of mosquitoes transmit Dengue Fever

Aedes Mosquito

What type of vectors carry Encephalitis

Andes and Culex Mosquitoes

Where can fleas be found

Animal beds, burrows, nests

Passive transmission

Anthropod carries the pathogen from one host to another, pathogen does nothing during the transfer except go along for the ride

What is a effective measure against the plague

Antibiotics

Habitat for a mosquito

Anything that can hold water provides a habitat for mosquito larvae

Where can a soldier get help

BAS, ED, Community Mental Health Service, Social Work Services, Chaplain, Army Community Service

Active transmission is also known as

Biological Transmission

Signs and Symptoms of Brown Recluse Spider Bite

Bite initially mild, or goes unnoticed Pain at site begins 1-4 hours later and a red area appears along with a pustule or vesicle Fever, myalgias, N/V

Vector

Carrier, a term used to describe an anthropod that transports a disease causing organism or pathogen from one host to another

What body system does Encephalitis involve

Central nervous system

Treatment of malaria

Chemprophylaxis- Prophylactic medication for malaria Avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes

Leishmaniasis

Common disease in 3rd world countries, you get it from bitten by a infected sandfly

Dengue fever has a extended________ phase

Convalescent

Two types of poisonous snakes in the US

Coral snake, pit viper

What population is most at risk for death if infected with the west nile virus

Elderly Population

West Nile Virus is a strain of ___________________

Encephalitis

How does a human get malaria

From getting bitten by a malaria infected female moquito

Other factors that affect suicidality

Genetic vulnerabilities Developmental history Current environment

When it comes to prevention combat medics must be able to:

Identify high-risk individuals Be proactive and care for individuals Promote positive coping skills to deal with life crises Be aware of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in individuals Know the community wide operational resources for referral of individual demonstrating self destructive behavior Ensure that individual's problems are properly addressed

When do the first symptoms of lyme disease typically present it self

In the summer

Methods of preventing mosquito bites

Insect Bed Nets, long sleeved clothing, chemical repellents with DEET, Education

What not to do regarding suicide

Leave the suicidal person alone Assume theyre not the suicidal type Make judgments Don't keep deadly secrets

What paired with a Immediate Danger Signals related to suicide increases the risk of suicide

Life stress event , appears to be depressed history

What are prevention and personal protective measures from diseases transmitted by filth flies and cockroaches

Locating and removing food sources Field latrines should be constructed, maintained Use sprays, sticky traps in conjunction with other pest elimination measures

Major contributing factors to suicidal behavior

Made a previous suicide attempt loss of family or friend through suicide Victim of childhood abuse or witnessed family violence Previously abused drugs and/or alcohol Alcohol abuse or dependency by significant family member

Field TX of Snake Bite

Maintain ABC Look for allergic/anaphylaxis Start IV in unaffected extremity Remove watches and jewelry from affected extremity Reassure and keep calm Gently clean site Immobilize bitten side

West Nile Virus Symptoms

Most people infected are symptomatic 20 percent develop mild symptoms including fever, headache and body aches 1 in 150 people develop more severe form of this disease with symptoms including high fever, neck stiffness, coma, seizures, paralysis and death

Vaccines for Leishmaniasis

No vaccines

Treatment of scabies

Ointments and cleaning clothes

Filth Flies transmit disease through ___________ transmission

Passive

What are Fleas efficient vectors of

Plague, typhus, Tularemia

__________________ is primary in the army's effort to reduce suicide

Prevention

What is the Army Suicide Prevention Program Model based on?

Prevention, Intervention, and the Integration of installation/community resources

Prevention of ticks

Proper protective wear Use of DEET Search the body for ticks Clean skin with soap and water after a tick removal

First symptom of lyme disease

Red macule or papule some time in a bulls eye shape

Scorpian treatment

Refer to MO Ice application to relieve localized pain

Treatment of black widow bites

Refer to MO Observation Occasionally, antivenom

Tx of brown recluse spider bite

Refer to Mo Ice and Elevate Tetanus Anitbiotics if secondary infection exists Occasional surgical excision of the ulcerated area is needed

What factor accounted for the largest part of amry suicides

Relationship problems

What to do if a battle buddy is suicidal

Remove potential means of harm Ask directly Convey concerns Get help

Chloroquine

Standard antimalarial medication. But many strains of malaria are chloroquine resistant

It is vital we create a __________________ environment that promotes______________________

Supportive, Positive coping skills

Crushing the vector

THe vector is smashed onto the skin of the host. When the host wipes off the dead bug, the pathogen is rubbed into the skin

Prevention of Lice

Thorough cleaning a) All bedding, pillows b) Clothing hats c) Brushes combs etc. d) Stuffed animals bagged for couple of weeks e) clothes Otherwise spread to others/ reinfect self Do not share bedding or clothes

Which anthropod is the most efficient at transmitting disease

Ticks

Venom

Toxin produced by some animals

Active Transmission

Transmission into the host that requires the parasite to actively work to gain entry into the host

Treatment for Dengue Fiver

Treatment is supportive, no real specific treatment

Where does sandfly fever thrive

Tropical and subtropical areas of europe, africa, south america and asia

Fecal Contamination

Vector defecates into a wound on the host. As the would itches, scratching and rubbing by the host causes the pathogen to enter the host's body : Example Chagas' disease

Inoculation

Vector injects the pathogen into the host with it's saliva while it feeds on the host ( Mosquitos)

Regurgitation

Vector vomits the pathogen into the host while it feeds on the host( Fleas)

Where are fleas abundant at

Warm summers High humidity areas

Where do sand flies like to attack

Wrist, ankles, any exposed part of the body

What increases the risk of attempting suicide two fold to five fold

adverse childhood events

Anthropods

animals including ticks, spiders, mites and other insects as welll as crustaceans such as shrimp lobsters and crabs

Scorpians are _________________

arachnid

When to maintain a high index of suspicion for lyme disease

area where there is a lyme disease endemic

Prevention of scabies

avoid people with scabies, handwashing, maintain good hygine

Most effective mean of controlling malaria

avoiding mosquito bites

What are sandflies

blood sucking gnats that look like small mosquitoes

Three type of "louse"

body louse, head louse, crab louse

How do fleas infect humans

by biting them

Head lice transmission

contact frequent in schools and institutions

Scabies

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite

BOdy lice transmission

crowded living, unsanitary conditions, poor hygine

How does the brown recluse spider look

dark, violin shaped area on the back.

Cockroaches can cause

diarrheal disease such as cholera

Signs and Symptoms of lyme disease

distinctive skin lesion neurological, orthopedic and cardiac involvement Bulls eye rash headache stiff neck muscle and joint aches

Filth Flies can cause

dysentery and diarrheal disease

How often should DEET be reapplied on the skin

every 4-6 hours

Where are scabies found

in skin folds, such as fingers, toe webs, axilla genital area

Envenomation

injection of a poisonous material by sting, spine, bite, or other means

Prevention and Personal protective measures of Sandfly fever

insect repellent with DEET Avoid dogs and other domesticated animals

Chiggers Bite signs

itching and small welts

What does brown recluse spider bites do

local tissue destruction

Passive transmission is also called

mechanical transmission

Where do filth flies and cockroaches live

near animal or human waste, garbage, decomposing plants/animals, mud in high organic content

Symptoms of Snake BIte

noticeable bite or scratch on the skin, pain and progressive swelling, rapid pulse, labored breathing, N/V, weakness to unconsciousness, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock

Consider all snake bites to be_______________

poisonous

Prevention and protection from plague

removing carriers Sprays, foggers, traps to eliminate pests Isolate suspected case of plague

Crab lice transmission

sexual contact

How do female black widow spiders look like

shiny black, red hourglass marking on her abdomen

Healing speed for brown recluse spider bite

slow

Treatment of West Nile Virus

supportive only Prevention, personal protective measures

Mites are generally found in

tall grass or underbush close to watering holes and resting places

Where can ticks be found

tall grass, underbush in close proximity to mammal resting places and watering holes

What type of setting does malaria thrive

tropical

What does a large population of flies and cockroaches indicate

unsanitary conditions

Initial sting of scorpian

very painful with little no swelling or redness

Where are brown recluse spiders found?

woodpiles, garages, dark places