Final Biology 2 Lab

What does it use the crown of featherlike appendages for?

Feeding (plankton)

The common characteristic responsible for the name Opisthokonta is a rearward ____, which many members of the group have lost over time.

Flagellum

Speculate on what each member (lichen) of this relationship gets from the other one.

Funds provides structure shape and ability to retain water, algae/cyanobacteria provides food.

Organisms from the class ___________________________ exhibit ______________________, which is the twisting of organs within a shell.

Gastropoda ; torsion

What is the difference between mature and gravid proglottids

Gravid proglottids- have fertilized eggs Mature on branched uterus, ovary testes Mature reproductive organs Gravid branched uterus, filled with egg

What is the purpose of the scolex?

It is the hook that anchors the tapeworm to the host.

Members of Kingdom Fungi are most closely related to which other group of eukaryotes?

Kingdom Animalia

What are the evolutionary differences between cnidarians and lophotrochozoans?

Lophotrochozoans are triploblastic and bilateral symmetrical.

In the sea star water vascular system, water enters the organism through the ______________________________ (indicated by the arrow).

Madreporite

difference between male and female squids

Male is bigger, female has translucent structure at fins, while male is white

Tapeworms, within the clade Cestoda, have four main body regions. Which one is shown below?

Mature Proglottid

What is structure C and what is its purpose?

Pharynx; to help the worm suck in soil and detritus

organisms in this protist phylum are closely related to sponges

Phylum Choanoflagellata

Bread mold is an example of which of the phyla of fungi?

Phylum zgyomycota

Ecological importance of bivalvia

Remove containment's from water, human food

What is the difference between Errantia and Sedentaria?

Sedentaria are sedentary or slow-moving, while most Errantia are free-living predators

Which of the following is not true about squid arms and tentacles?

Squid have eight tentacles and two arms

Explain the functions of the three different types of hyphae?

Stolen hyphae- cover the horizontal surface of host Rhizoid hyphae - branch off stolen hyphae and penetrates host and absorbs nutrients Sporangiophores— stand upright to hold a sporangium at their tips

This organism belongs to which phylum?

Syndermata

How does the position of the mouth differ between the planarian, the tapeworm and the fluke?

Tapeworms- no mouth - scolex Fluke- mouth at anterior end Planarian- mouth in middle of body

What are the common food sources of fungi

The remains of dead plants and animals

You find this on the beach. What is it?

The test, or skeleton, of a sand dollar.

Is the basic feeding mechanism different from other fungi?

They actively seek out a food source

All echinoderms have tube feet (podia). Which of the following is not a function of tube feet?

They allow echinoderms to change color in order to camouflage themselves.

Which of the following statements regarding yeasts is inaccurate?

They are monophyletic group

What characteristics place sponges in kingdom Animalia?

They are multicellular Heterotrophic , that reproduce sexually.

What are the defining characteristics of a lophotrochozoan?

They have a lophophore feeding structure OR a trochophore larval stage

How would you describe the physical structure of the feeding part of the colony? What are the individuals threadlike until called?

Threadlike individual units called hyphae. The overall feeding networks of a fungus is mycelium, mass branching

If adult tunicates do not have the four chordate characteristics, why are they placed in the Phylum Chordata?

Tunicates posses all four characteristics when they are in their juvenile/larval form.

Phylum brachiopod

U shaped digestive have both mouth and anus

i s yeast sexual or asexual

Yeast budding is asexual

living planaria sp Is it directional? Is there a definite head end? What kind of symmetry do you see? Does it move toward or away from the light? What structures help it sense light?

Yes there is a definite head. It has bilateral symmetry They move towards the dark away from the light Sense organs help they see

Clamworms, members of Errantia, use their parapodia for ___________.

all of the above (defense , gas exchange, swimming)

Sea Urchins have an internal structure of five, self-sharpening teeth called the __________________________ __________________________.

aristotle's lantern

Which of the following is most closely related to a lizard?

bird

difference between brachiopods and bivalves

brachiopods have a lophophore

The large __________________ and sharp, modified molars called _______________________ are indicators that this organism is a carnivore.

canines, carnassials

When a sea star feeds, it pushes its ________________________ _____________________________ out of its mouth and begins digestion outside of its body.

cardiac stomach

what is the purpose of the intestine in an earthworm

chemical digestion

These specialized cells, called _____________________, allow the squid to change colors.

chromatophores

Members of Phylum Brachiopoda are often confused for which group from Phylum Mollusca?

class bivalvia

Uses of chromatophores

color change attract male communication

Rotifers get their name from this ciliated structure called the _____________________.

corona

Rotifers have a _________ that looks like a rotating wheel and is used to propel the animal through the water and move food particles toward the mouth.

corona

what is the purpose of the beak

crush food

All fungi are passive feeding saprophytes

false

Members of Phylum Rotifera are single-celled organisms.

false

The structure that allows a tapeworm to attach to its host is called a corona.

false

Crop—

food storage

What are these structures in the squid?

gills

Tapeworms, within the clade Cestoda, have four main body regions. Which one is shown below?

gravid proglottid

what is the cecum?

has digestive juices

Which proglottids immature or gravid occur nearest to the scolex

immature

This structure, called the _______________, produces ink which the squid uses to deter predators.

ink sac

what is the pen

it is made of chiton provides structure and support

This member of the Cephalocordata is commonly found in Tampa Bay.

lancelet

what are distinguishing characters of mammals

mammary glands specialized teeth hair

Which of the following characteristics applies to all members of Phylum Mollusca?

mantle

When the structure of an animal's body shows repeating segments it is known as ____________.

metamerism

This structure in the squid, called the ___________, is a vestigial internal shell made of chitin. It helps hold the squid's organs in place.

pen

These mollusks are found on wave-swept rocky shores in the intertidal zone. What class do they belong to?

polyplacophora

How are sponges different from all other phyla of animals? S

ponged do not have a mouth or guts and are sessile as adults are not organized beyond cellular level

Which of the below is not one of the three main body parts of a mollusk?

postanal tail

what is purpose of ink sac

produces ink which the squid uses to deter predators

What is the purpose of the structure labeled C?

reproduction

Which of the following animals in NOT an example of a member of Clade Lophotrochozoa?

roundworm

This member of the Holothuroidea can expel its entire digestive system in order to deter predators.

sea cucumber

What are the major differences between spores and seeds?

seeds are bigger and are multicellular, spores are underneath mushrooms, seeds are in flowers/ fruits

Annelids exhibit a ______________________ body plan.

segmented

Which of the following is not a distinguishing characteristic of mammals?

small skull

While dissecting the earthworm, you cut the intestine open and notice a black substance. What is the black substance inside of the intestine?

soil and detritus

what difference between tentacles and arms

tentacles- move arms- bring food to mouth

what is the purpose of the foot for clams

the clam uses this structure to help it burrow in the sand and for side to side movements

Which of the following statements regarding tapeworm feeding is accurate?

they absorb nutrients across their body wall

Releasing fungicide onto the root of a plant would most likely result in which of the following outcomes?

they plant will grow slower

what is the purpose of the pharynx

to help the worm suck in soil and detritus

T/F: In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the anus. In protostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth.

true

T/F: In the sea star water vascular system, water passes through the radial canals before it reaches the ampullae.

true

what is the siphon?

tube that shot out ink and gametes

what is true about squid arms and tentacles?

- tentacles only have suckers at the end furthest away from the body while arms have suckers along their entire length - tentacles are much longer than arms - squid have eight arms and two tentacles

members of phylum Porifera are unique among animals because they contain ___ distinct tissue layers

0

how many appendages total

10

We will be focusing on _____ phyla within Kingdom Fungi

3

how many arms how many tentacles

8 arms, 2 tentacles

What important ecosystem service do earthworms provide?

Aerate soil and excrete nutrients but they do not attack insects

Which of the following clades are NOT in the Phylum Platyhelminthes?

Anthozoans

Is this Earthworm male or female?

Both, Earthworms are hermaphrodites

This organism resembles a clam but is actually a lophotrochozoan. It filter feeds with its lophophore. What phylum does this organism belong to?

Brachipoda

what class does octopus belong in

Cephalopoda

You are snorkeling off the coast of Florida, and you come across a large calcified structure covered by small cnidarian polyps. To which group of these organisms belong?

Class Anthozoa

Tapeworms don't have a digestive system or mouth. How, then do they obtain food?

Cuticle absorbs nutrients from host through intestines

How do you suppose the fungi detect and respond to these food items?

Detect chemical nematodes use to communicate

The large organs running down the arms of the sea star are the ________________________ ________________________ ( indicated by large arrow)

Digestive Glands (pyloric cecum)