Final (chapters 1, 3-13)

The number of people interacting is one way to identify communication as interpersonal. What is the other?

The quality of the interaction

When offering emotional support, which response would be best?

This must be an incredibly hard time for you

A perception check needs three parts to be effective.

True

Argumentativeness and complaining are two ways to disagree without necessarily being disconfirming.

True

As long as people perceive their goals to be mutually exclusive, the conflict is real.

True

Becoming "real friends" takes 90 hours, and about 200 hours are necessary to forge a close friendship.

True

Communication can solve any problem.

True

Immigrants to the United States run the risk of being discriminated against because of their non-Anglo names.

True

In highly interpersonal communication exchanges, the fate of the partners is connected.

True

It's healthy for loving couples to have both companionate and romantic affection for each other.

True

Liars often sustain more eye contact and fidget less.

True

Listening, as defined in your textbook, is broadly defined to include the written word.

True

Open-mindedness is especially important in intercultural work teams.

True

Perception checking signals an attitude of respect and concern for the other person.

True

Skin color is perceived as a significant co-cultural identifier.

True

When a topic is sensitive and emotionally charged, it's best to keep your questions as open and neutral as possible.

True

While competency is appealing, people who seem too perfect can be off-putting.

True

Women say "I'm sorry" more often than men.

True

What is the term for attaching meaning to a message?

Understanding

Which is the best definition of communication?

Using messages to generate meanings

Blurters tend to be high in ____________.

Verbal aggressiveness

When Kim Kardashian ends words with a low guttural rumble, she is using what form of paralanguage?

Vocal fry

What has research revealed about gender differences in communication on Facebook?

Women's language is more affiliative

Young adults from __________ families are more confident listeners and more intellectually flexible than those from __________ backgrounds.

consensual and pluralistic; protective and laissez-faire

For the first few weeks after transferring from a fine arts program to an engineering major, you felt confused, depressed, and lonely. What do scholars call this rocky adaptation period?

Culture shock

Holding expectations for yourself and for others can promote which fallacy?

Fallacy of should

Code-switching decreases the chances of achieving your communication goals.

False

Compromising usually leads to win-win outcomes.

False

Each of us enters the world with a strong sense of identity.

False

Facts about you reveal more than your opinions.

False

First-order realities are those you consider most important.

False

In a series of experiments, over 90% of subjects chose to tell a face-saving lie rather than tell the truth or equivocate.

False

Liar's pupils tend to constrict because of the arousal associated with fib-telling.

False

Nonverbal communication more commonly serves practical then social functions.

False

One way to avoid the debilitative feelings that often accompany the fallacy of causation is to use language that minimizes responsibility for your choices.

False

Only romantic relationships can achieve the bonding stage of Knapp's model.

False

Partners who are radically dissimilar tend to have successful long-term marriages.

False

People afflicted by the fallacy of perfection often see themselves as victims of forces beyond their control.

False

People from varied backgrounds rarely share enough common ground to make relationships work.

False

Reappraisal often leads to higher stress and decreased productivity.

False

Sign languages are considered nonverbal communication.

False

With training, it is possible to avoid conflicts.

False

Asking for _____ helps address ambiguous language, which consists of words and phrases that have more than one commonly accepted definition.

Feedback

What is the term for a verbal or nonverbal response to a previous message?

Feedback

Which college group is more likely to overcompensate by studying harder and getting more involved on campus than their other classmates?

First-generation students

Families who are most successful at negotiating the difficulties of adolescence tend to be ____________.

Flexible

What is the best approach if you're at a loss for words?

Focus on listening

Your blind date arrived at the restaurant a half hour late, and you were not impressed by the conversation that followed. Your early appraisal colored your subsequent perceptions of her due to the _____ effect.

Horns

"We" language can help build a constructive communication climate and develop verbal _____.

Immediacy

People raised in _____ cultures, which value independence, are often less adept at perspective taking than those _____ cultures, which value interdependence.

Individualistic; collectivistic

We often choose—understandably and sometimes wisely—to listen mindlessly rather than mindfully due to which barrier to listening?

Information overload

During which stage of a relationship do you show that you are interested in making contact and demonstrate that you are a person worth talking to?

Initiating

When you write your instructor to question your essay grade, you are careful to convey respect in your message. As a competent communicator, you do not want to arouse defensiveness, which you understand is __________.

Interactive

The death of someone you read about in the new affects you less than the illness of a friend because of which quality of interpersonal relationships?

Interdependence

Partners in a satisfying relationship are likely to view each other more benevolently than accurately. This tends to occur at which stage of the perception process?

Interpretation

Someone from _____ is most likely to answer the question "Who am I?" By saying, "I am a mother" or "I work for ABC Corporation."

Japan

Which emotion is a particularly unhealthy focus of rumination?

Jealousy

Your aunt typically plans and reminds family members about birthdays, graduations, trips, holidays, and memorial services. What is another name for this role?

Kinkeeper

Schemas and stereotypes are associated with which type of listening?

Mindless

Every time you talk about touring the country with your garage band, your mother says, "You don't want to end up like your Uncle Brian, do you?" This is an example of a family __________.

Narrative

Which cues signaling warmth and involvement are associated with communication competence and credibility?

Nonverbal immediacy

Neither past failure nor past successes predict future outcome, yet we often act on the basis of _____.

Obsolete information

Katie works part-time at a restaurant and tips 25 percent whenever she eats out. Her partner, Omar, is a teacher and disapproves of her "generosity." Which roles most significantly influence their different perceptions of tipping?

Occupational

According to research on texting, which response is most likely to be perceived negatively?

Okay.

You were devastated when Game of Thrones ended and began writing fanfiction to keep the saga alive. What type of relationship might you have with these media characters?

Parasocial

Rank the three components of Sternberg's triangular theory of love from hot to warm to cool.

Passion; intimacy; commitment

Which statement is TRUE about feeling and acting?

People who frequently vent negative feelings tend to have high levels of anxiety in their interpersonal relationships.

When people fail to see mutually satisfying answers to their problems, they have __________.

Perceived incompatible goals

You grew up in New York in a small apartment with a large family. Your spouse was raised on a ranch in Montana. Consequently, you have different perceptions of _____.

Personal space

Which of the following statements is TRUE about appearance?

Physical factors become less important as a relationship progresses.

Words such as "perhaps," "possibly," and "could" characterize which of Gibb's approaches?

Provisionalism

Interpersonal listening is defined as the process of __________ and responding to others' messages.

Receiving

Which is the fourth stage of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Reinforcing the original expectation

After listening carefully to your sister's account of how she was let go at work, you ask her how she feels. You are what kind of listener?

Relational

What stage of the listening process demonstrates its transactional nature?

Responding

What is the best example of a turn-taking signal that occurs at the end of a clause?

Rising or falling pitch

Being in touch with your emotions, also known as __________, is one of the 5 attributes of __________.

Self-awareness; emotional intelligence

What do scholars call the relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself?

Self-concept

Which is a hallmark of a successful friendship?

Shared laughter and memories

Research indicates that _____ might be a better alternative to self-disclosure at the workplace, particularly when you have a potentially hurtful thought or feeling that is not being directly questioned.

Silence

Race is a _____ construction.

Social

After seeing the latest fashion trends on Instagram models, you immediately decide that you need to lose 15 pounds by summer. These feelings are likely a result of which phenomenon?

Social comparison

The _____ model examines _____ of self-disclosure.

Social penetration; breadth and depth

Which type of conflict pattern is most associated with psychosocial distress for adult children?

Surrendered

Your spouse is not interested in hearing how you feel when your boss belittles you at work. Instead, he suggests ways you can avoid such criticism. He is what kind of listener?

Task-oriented

Which of the following is a behavioral question that you might be asked in an interview?

Tell me about a time when you experienced conflict with a coworker.

One five-minute episode of anger can impair your immune system for how many hours?

6

Asking a black colleague how she got her job is an example of _____.

A microaggression

"Taking one for the team" or "losing the battle to win the war" are adages that reflect which approach to conflict?

Accommodation

What do researchers call the condition characterized by difficulty identifying and talking about feelings?

Alexithyemia

Your recently retired parents have been spending more time together than ever before. In order to get some personal space, they decided to take separate vacations this year. Which strategy are they using to manage their dialectical tensions?

Alternating

Which dating profile is most likely to be associated with the most attractive person?

An error-free profile

You didn't realize how rapidly you speak when you're nervous until your public speaking instructor points it out. What do scholars call information in this part of the Johari Window?

Blind

You are a white person who wants to increase your understanding of the Black Lives Matter movement and develop empathy for its black members. What does research recommend as the best course of action?

Ask black peoples how they feel

In terms of conflict styles, ghosting can be an act of passive aggression or an act of __________.

Avoidance

Because interpersonal communication can be draining, it's best to do what?

Be sure to schedule alone time

Those who identify as queergender, transgender, bigender, or genderfluid resist __________ definitions of male and female.

Binary

What does 'schadenfreude', a term that has no equivalent in English, mean?

The happiness felt while thinking of another's misfortune

Trevon is black, gay, and Mormon. Disclosing his sexual orientation on social media could be particularly risky because he is a member of multiple _____.

Co-cultures

You want steak for dinner, but your romantic partner wants seafood. You say, "OK. Let's go to Outback, where they serve both." You are demonstrating which conflict style?

Collaboration

In a study of satisfied couples in arranged marriages, __________ was identified as the most important factor that helped their love flourish over time.

Commitment

Your math professor is concerned about the visible confusion on student faces as she attempts to explain a difficult statistical problem. The situation illustrates how it's often difficult to distinguish the sender from the receiver of a message, making ______ a better term for these roles.

Communicator

The old saying "opposites attract" suggests which reason for forming relationships?

Complementarity

Employees with _____ should proceed with caution and consider the potential consequences of self-disclosure.

Complementary conflict

Which approach enjoys a positive reputation that it may not deserve?

Compromise

"Yet another one of your brilliant ideas," you remark sarcastically while rolling your eyes at your spouse. Which of Gottman's "four horsemen of the apocalypse" does this response communicate?

Contempt

Messages have __________ and relational dimensions.

Content

What kind of questions are a form of strategic communication because they try to trap others into desired responses?

Counterfeit

Which activities do scholars recommend to combat loneliness?

Creating positive self-talk and volunteering

The dictionary meanings, or _____, of a word like "home," are often less important than its connotations, the feelings it evokes.

Denotations

Which of the following statements is TRUE about gender and other influences on language?

Differences in social status often show up more clearly in language than gender differences

What type of message essentially says, "You don't matter," "You're not important," or "You don't exist"?

Disconfirming

Many of the language differences that first appear to be sex-related may actually be due to other factors such as _____ and power differences in the relationship.

Education

What is the term for culturally understood substitutes for verbal expressions?

Emblems

Which response style do listeners use when they want to show they identify with a speaker?

Empathizing

"That's the best lecture I've heard all year" is a statement that communicates __________.

Endorsement

What is the primary goal of civil dialogue when conversing about a disagreement?

Establishing a respectful communication climate

Calling someone big boned rather than obese is an example of what kind of language?

Euphemistic

The best snap judgments come from people whose decision are based on _____.

Expertise and experience

The silent treatment is an example of which characteristic of conflict?

Expressed struggle