FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS

With what novel did the popularization of the term "chick lit" begin?

Bridget jones diary

In looking at the rise in popularity of "multiculti" action narratives, what other genre histories does Mary Beltran consider?

Buddy-cop films, ghetto films, and urban missionary films.

Fill in the blank: The key to survival in multicultural action narratives is __________________.

Cultural Competence.

Who write the article: "Men, Masculinity and Manhood Acts"?

Douglas Schrock and Michael Schwalbe

What are the three components of hegemonic masculinity, as outlined by Sharon Bird? All of these components function in the same way. How so?

Emotional detachment, competitiveness, and the sexual objectification of women. They all facilitate competition in Hierarchy and emphasizes the separation and distinction from females.

Fill in the blank: Being masculine means being not _____________.

Feminine.

What is social gravity?

Forces that tend to keep people in the places they already occupy, regardless of effort.

What is gender policing?

Gender policing is forcing someone to dress and act the way the average person within that gender acts or dresses.

What is hegemonic feminism?

Hegemonic feminism concerns the perepectives and values of white, middle-class heterosexual women who define themselves as oppressed victims of patriarchy. It overlooks other races and sexual orientations and classes.

In the 1960s, how was the celluloid homosexual depicted, and why?

In the 1960's Hollywood continually depicted gay men and women as sadists, psychopaths and anti-social villains.

What is the ideological purpose of the American Dream?

It gives people hope that if they work really hard then they will achieve success and upward social mobility.

How do contemporary action films reflect a shift in U.S. ethnic demographics?

Many producers and manufacturers started capitalizing on the evolution of places representing other races, rather than just white. Also, the shift led to post-modernern ethnic revival with a greater interest in ethnic origins and ethnic exploration.

Who wrote the article: "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack"?

Peggy Mcintosh

Who wrote the article: "Sex and the City: Exposing the Hegemonic Feminist Narrative"?

Rebecca Brasfield

Also according to Schrock and Schwalbe, masculinity is not just "a capacity to exert control" but also to . . . ?

Resist being controlled.

Who wrote the article: "Welcome to the Men's Club: Homosociality and the Maintenance of Hegemonic Masculinity"?

Sharon R. Bird

According to Brasfield, what are the two ways in which Sex and the City maintains a hegemonic feminist discourse?

The subjectivity of the main characters and the exploiting of marginalized groups.

What is the single-most factor in determining one's sexuality?

There isn't one.

For author Winn, how does Working Girl specifically critique the upper class? (Hint: Think of Katherine.)

Working Girl critiques the shallow upper class by showing that while they may have the material goods, they do not have good character.

What genre do chick flicks belong to? (Drama, fantasy, romantic comedy, etc.)

no genre! They can be anything

What are some of the ways in which we see new nationalism being expressed today?

1. A Backlash on multiculturalism 2. English only movement 3. Education reforms demanding national curriculum

According to Marcia Yudkin (within Brasfield's chapter), what are the three levels of identity?

1. Biological- sex organs 2. Social- sex roles that are performed. 3. Psychological- subjective identification with a gender identity.

For author Garnets, what are the four central issues to consider in relation to discussions on sexual orientation? Be familiar with each of them.

1. The conceptualization of sexual orientations. 2. The development of sexual orientations 3. New perspectives on gender and sexual orientations 4. Convergences, divergences, and intersections of sexual orientation with other aspects of human diversity.

What are three divergences, as discussed in class, that LGB members encounter unique issues that other minority groups do not experience?

1. confronting the decision to "come out" 2. sexual orientation is an "achieved identity" 3. not everyone is 100% heterosexual all the time.

Garnets discusses five converging dimensions that LGB members experience alongside other minority groups. What are they?

1. stereotypes 2. discrimination 3. hostility/violence 4. identity development 5. group solidarity

In what year was homosexuality removed from the DSM as a "mental illness"?

1973

According to the culture of poverty, why are people poor?

According to culture of poverty, people are poor because of deviant or pathological values (passed on from one generation to the next) and that poor people are anti-work, anti-family, anti-school and anti-success.

Whats the differences between feminism and postfeminism?

Feminism is more political. Feminists strive for equality and they question the idea of femininity. Post-Feminism is more personal. Post-feminists want the return of femininity and sexuality. They believe they should not demand respect, but should change themselves in a way that they will receive respect.

According to Schrock and Schwalbe, what is a form of collective practice?

Gender.

What is the definition of hegemonic masculinity?

Hegemonic masculinity is the maintenance of practices that institutionalize men's dominance over women.

Who wrote the article: "National Identity and the Politics of Multiculturalism"?

Henry A. Giroux

How does Working Girl side-step patriarchal and structural barriers to success? In other words, what is presented as Tess's biggest obstacle?

In Working Girl, Tess sees her style and her class status as preventing her from getting ahead. Her biggest obstacle is Katherine.

What are some non-merit barriers to success? Also, know the difference between social and cultural capital.

Inheritance, social and cultural capital (who you know), bad luck, education, and discrimination. Social capitol: The circles that you aren't in, inheritance, education, bad luck, discrimination, Cultural capital: being able to navigate the social spheres, assimilation, use the same lingo

What are some setbacks to the following types of merit: innate talents, working hard, having the right attitude, and having strong moral character?

Innate talent: has to be identified, but you might never know Working hard: the actual definition of working hard is unclear, different for different jobs, contingent on the job, person, geography, not an umbrella term Right attitude: Strong moral character: bad people are wealthy

What constitutes merit in a world of Meritocracy?

Innate talents, working hard, having the right attitude, and moral character

Why does hegemonic masculinity persist, though some males do not agree with these three components?

It persists because if men do not participate in the three components they are considered not masculine and instead very feminine.

Who wrote the article: "Moralizing Upward Mobility: Investigating the Myth of Class Mobility in Working Girl"?

J. Emmett Winn

Who wrote the article: "Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People"?

Jack G. Shaheen

Who wrote the article: "Sexual Orientations in Perspective"?

Linda D. Garnets

Who wrote the article: "The New Hollywood Racelessness: Only the Fast, Furious, and Multicultural WIll Survive"?

Mary C. Beltran

Fill in the blank: If you have to worry about where your next paycheck or meal is coming from, you are forced to be ____________-oriented.

Present.

What is racebending in relation to Hollywood films, and why is it problematic?

Racebending is playing the role of, or casting someone in the role of, someone of different race or ethnicity. It is problematic because a lot of movies are casting white people in the roles of characters who are meant to be a different race. This shows, and emphasizes, white superiority.

How is the ideology of nationalism carried out?

Social construction built on a series of inclusions and exclusions regarding history, citizenship, and national belonging, the nation is an imagined political community

Who wrote the article: "The Meritocracy Myth"?

Stephen J. McNamee and Robert K. Miller Jr.

What were the Stonewall riots of 1969, and why were they significant?

Stonewall riots was the first time an entie community became visible and fought back. It was largely considered the most important moment in the history of gay liberation and fight for gay rights.

What are ethnocentric storylines?

Story lines based around the ethnicity of a character. In sex and the city the race of a character is the episodes topic

Who wrote the article: "Chick Flicks and Chick Culture"?

Suzanne Ferris and Mallory Young

What is the Cinderella myth part of upward mobility narratives?

The Cinderella myth in upward mobility narratives suggest that a physical transformation is part of the narrative of achieving success.

According to Henry A. Giroux, what is the U.S. national identity connected to?

The U.S. national identity is connected to the mythic march of progress and prosperity at home and the noble effort to export democracy abroad.

What is gender normativity?

The belief that males are naturally masculine and have penises and that females are naturally feminine and have breasts and ovaries.

What are the myths surrounding bisexuality (and the purpose these myths serve)?

The myths about bisexuality is that bisexuals prefer one sex over the other and that bisexuality is just a transition phase to either hetero or homosexuality. Another myth is that bisexuals are homosexuals still in the closet.

What are the new paradigm of conceptualizing sexual orientation(s)?

The new paradigm posits sexual orientation as flexible, complex, and multifaced. The attraction to males and females are two separate and independent dimensions. The new paradigm allows room for bisexuality. It assumes sexual acts do not determine one's sexual orientation and that sexuality is fluid and can change.

What are the old paradigm of conceptualizing sexual orientation(s)?

The old paradigm of sexual orientations assumes peple are easily classifiable as either hetero or homosexual. It views sexual orientation as a dichotomous (two) construct. It considers sexual behavior to determine one's sexual orientation and it assumes sexual orientation is formed at an early age and does not and cannot change.

What does the phrase "real American" imply?

When people talk about the "real" America, they are talking about the bible- belt, the rural part of America dominated by Whites.

During the Production Code-era screwball comedies of the 1930s, what replaced images and scenarios of sex?

Witty banter, verbal foreplay, fast talking dame

What types of relationships do women have versus the types of relationships men have?

Women are relationship/partner centered whereas men are recreational/body centered.

According to Beltran, is The Fast and the Furious white-centric? If so, why?

Yes, because most of the characters look white and the film privileges a white centrist perspective with Brian, the cop, being white and easily outracing two other men of different racial background.

Why is the homophobic taunting of a man actually a sexist ideology against women? (Remember that gender and sexuality are two separate dimensions.)

a man who wants to have sex with another man is like a woman- which is to say, less than a man. It devalues women.