Final Exam Questions Pt.1

Of the following values, which indicates the most basic pH?

10

How many different amino acids are used to build proteins?

20

If iodide ions (I−) were dissolved in water, they would be attracted to

A and C

Which of these carries the most energy?

ATP

Which of the following statements describe the function of the light reaction in photosynthesis?

As electrons move through the light reaction, they release energy that is used to concentrate protons in the thylakoid.

Based on the water molecule pictured below, which of the labeled areas possesses a partial negative charge?

B only

Which of the following is/are part of accepted cell theory?

Every living organism is composed of one or more cells, and all living cells arise from preexisting cells.

The chemical reaction that represents photosynthesis is 6 H2O + 6 CO2 ! C6H12O6 + 6 O2. What are the reactants?

H2O and CO2

You are a microbiologist working with a species of bacteria that can perform photosynthesis. Youknow that the enzymes needed to perform photosynthesis in plant cells are closely associated with the membranes in chloroplasts. Where in the bacteria would you expect to find the enzymes needed to perform photosynthesis? HINT: Don't get fooled by this question!

I would expect to find the photosynthetic enzymes associated with the plasma membrane of the bacteria.

A carwash attendant offers to treat your windshield with a protective agent. This substance coats the glass, causing beads of water to easily roll off during a rain shower. Which of the following must be correct about the protective agent?

It must be hydrophobic.

Which of the following molecules carries electrons to the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation?

NADH

What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants?

Photosynthesis converts inorganic carbon molecules into organic carbon molecules resulting in a source of carbon that other organisms can use when they eat plants.

A group of astronauts returning from outer space studied samples taken from their lunar landing. They found that one of their samples was coated with organic compounds. Which of the following statements must be correct about their samples?

The samples must contain carbon atoms.

If the concentration of sugar molecules in water on side "A" of a selectively permeable membrane is 5 percent, and the concentration of sugar molecules in water on side "B" of a selectively permeable membrane is 15 percent, which way will the water move and why?

The water will mostly move from side "A" to side "B" because the water concentration is higher on side "A."

Which of the following statements is true of chloroplasts?

They capture energy from sunlight.

A solution with a pH of 3 is

acidic

Antibodies are an important class of human proteins that function in immune defense. If scientists fragmented antibodies under laboratory conditions, what chemical building blocks would they recover?

amino acids

A plant cell is mutated so ATP synthase no longer functions. Which process will be affected?

both photosynthesis and respiration

The element found in "all" organic molecules is

carbon.

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the biological hierarchy (order) of a multicellular organism like you?

cells->tissues->organs->individual

What should the arrow in the following equation be labeled? Sugar + oxygen ! carbon dioxide + water + ATP.

cellular respiration

Carbon atoms are bound to each other by

covalent bonds.

The subatomic particles that possess a single negative charge and surround the nucleus are the

electrons.

The three stages of cellular respiration (in order from beginning to end) are

glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (citric-acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.

Living organisms maintain a constant internal environment (like temperature, etc.) by sensing and responding to their internal conditions. This stable maintenance of internal conditions is known as

homeostasis.

You often experience numbness and pain in the thumb and first two fingers on your right hand. You go to the doctor who suspects that carpal tunnel syndrome is the reason for the numbness and pain. The doctor then orders a simple test to see how fast nerve impulses are moving up and down your arm. The doctor's preliminary diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is a(n)

hypothesis.

When calcium (Ca++) and chloride (Cl−) interact with one another they bond using ________ bonds.

ionic

When sodium chloride (Na+Cl−) is dissolved in water, the sodium ion

is attracted to the oxygen atoms of water molecules.

DNA is one of the features common to all known forms of life;

it is the blueprint that guides the growth, development, behavior, and reproduction of all organisms.

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as

metabolism.

During the process of ________, water diffuses across a semipermeable membrane from an area where water is more concentrated to an area where water is less concentrated (it moves along the water concentration gradient).

osmosis

Neighboring water molecules are held together with hydrogen bonds because

partially negatively charged oxygen atoms and partially positively charged hydrogen atoms on separate water molecules are attracted to one another.

Ribosomes are very small "cellular machines" that can either exist freely in the cytoplasm (aka cytosol) or be embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell; they are associated with the synthesis of

proteins

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, indicating that the glycolytic reactions (breakdown of sugar)

require no oxygen.

If a bottle of perfume were spilled in the corner of a large lecture hall, the students sitting near that corner of the room would very quickly smell the perfume. Over time, the students sitting in the far corner of the room would smell the perfume. What phenomenon has occurred to the perfume molecules that have entered the air?

simple diffusion

Which of the following would be likely to require facilitated diffusion to move across the plasma membrane?

sodium ions (Na+), hydrogen ions (H+), sugars, and amino acids

A disaccharide consists of two

sugars.

A scientific hypothesis must be ________; if not, science cannot evaluate it.

testable

Enzymes can catalyze a reaction only if

they encounter a substrate that fits their active site.

Oil and water do not mix together well because

water is polar and oil is non-polar.