FORENSIC SCIENCE

Match each term with its definition. Terms are used only once. 1. a non-bloody object travels through an existing bloodstain 2. bloody object comes into contact with a non-bloody surface with motion 3. blood is projected from a live person as a result of a cough 4. blood exists the body under pressure from a breached artery 5. blood is projected from a blood-bearing object as a result of motion

1. (c) contact/wipe 2. (d) swipe 3. (e) aspirated/expirated 4. (a) arterial spurt/gush 5. (b) cast-off

standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are put into place to:

1. remove personal ethics from the workplace decision making process 2. unify employee and employer definitions of workplace tasks 3. create a governing document to which employees can refer when faced with an ethical dilemma in the workplace 4. unify laboratory employee decision making procedures

Which of the following is a place where a person holds an unreasonable expectation of privacy?

1. things observable from lawful or reasonable vantage points 2. outside the curtilage 3. abandoned items - trash 4. things left in plain or open view

Classification characteristics for fingerprints

3. are loops, whorls, and arches 4. help to eliminate or include suspects

As a bloodstain pattern expert, you have been asked to evaluate a crime scene in which 3 distinct cast-off patterns are visible. You preliminarily conclude that the victim was struck _____ times.

4

_____________ is developed by a scientist through training, education, and experience. It is an accurate measure of how well the scientist understands his/her discipline. That scientist is regularly trained and evaluated by their agency and by an accrediting body to ensure they really are knowledgeable in their discipline.

Competency

Sir Francis Galton

Developed the first classification system for fingerprints

Alphonse Bertillon

Founder of Anthropometry (identification based on body measurements)

Hans Gross

Founder of Criminalistics

Paul Brouardel

French Pathologist who encouraged scientists to restrict testimony to the limits of their expertise

If the levels of the crime scene are defined as follows: Level 1: Overall scene security for restriction of general public Level 2: Restriction to official business Level 3: Target area; highest security Where would you find the media?

Inside Level 1, but outside of Levels 2 & 3

What does Locard's Exchange Principle state?

Whenever two objects come into contact with one another, a transfer of material will occur.

In its most simplest terms, what does Locard's Exchange Principle state?

Whenever two objects come into contact with one another, an exchange of material will occur

Search warrants must be issued by

a magistrate

Actively growing hair makes up 80% of the hair on our bodies and is in the ___________ phase.

anagen

Blood exiting the body leaving a pattern similar to that shown in the photo below has done so due to a specific incident. What is this pattern called?

arterial spurt/gush

he study of the bullet as it travels down the barrel the path through the air, and the path through the target

ballistics

As angle of impact decreases (for example 90 degrees to 10 degrees), the shape of the bloodstain

becomes more elongated

Phenolphthalein or Kastle-Meye

blood

luminol

blood

unpredictable

changes that occur randomly or unexpectedly

predictable

changes that occur with regularity

places an object in a group of similar objects

class characteristics

how well a person knows his/her discipline

competency

Tests specific to a particular body fluid, often utilizing chemicals to help visualize microscopic particles

confirmatory tests

how trustworthy a person is; determined by the public (or jury)

credibility

An act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it, and for which, upon conviction, a sentence of death, imprisonment, or fine, or both imprisonment and fine is authorized

crime

frame by frame sequential analysis; the ultimate goal of forensic science

crime scene reconstruction

Your house and the stuff around it associated with daily living

curtilage

Edmond Locard

established that every contact leaves a trace

can give an opinion on what happened and what was experienced by someone else

expert witness

The number one cause of wrongful convictions in the United States based on the first 239 DNA exonerations performed by The Innocence Project was:

eyewitness misidentifications

Identical twins have the same DNA and same fingerprints.

false

If NIBIN identifies only one casing based on an individual striation match, a scientist is NOT required to perform a final analysis

false

When a presumptive test comes back positive, there is no need to send the sample to the lab for further testing.

false

Alternate Light Source

fiber evidence

Cyanoacrylate (superglue)

fingerprints

ninhydrin

fingerprints

the identification of fired bullets, cartridge casings, or other ammunition components as having been fired from a specific weapon

firearm analysis

application of science to criminal and civil laws

forensic science

Sodium Rhodizonate

gunshoot residue (lead components)

sodium rhodizonate

gunshot residue

precision

how close results are to each other

accuracy

how close results are to the truth

In which of the photos does the arrow correctly indicate direction of travel?

image A arrow pointed to left blood gets bigger going to the right

Which of the following provides precise, but not accurate results?

image b darts are close together but not in the center target

Helical grooves cut into the bore of the barrel of a gun, known as rifling, are added to

increase accuracy

The purpose of rifling is to

increase accuracy

identifies a particular piece of evidence or person

individual characteristcs

If the levels of the crime scene are defined as follows: Level 1: Overall scene security for restriction of general public Level 2: Restriction to official business Level 3: Target area; highest security Where would you find the body of the deceased?

inside level 3

consist of a mixture of natural secretions

latent prints

can testify only to what he/she observed directly

lay witness

When responding to a 'suspicious death' scene, you discover that the homeowners have recently applied a thick lacquer to their beautiful maple flooring. What search technique do you employ to look for evidence of bloodstains?

luminol

evidence that can be seen with the unaided eye

macroscopic

evidence that requires visualization techniques or enhancements to be seen

microscopic

spree killing

multiple murders in a single event in more than 2 locaitons in a short time period

serial murders

multiple murders in more than two locations; generally involes a cooling off period

When an expert witness takes the stand and gives testimony, their credibility is determined by the Judge.

no

functional

operating condition of items

Which of the following best describes the type of photos that are taken at a crime scene as part of the documentation process?

overall, midrange, and closeup

impressions of friction ridges visible in oil, blood, ink, and mud

patent prints

exonerate the innocent or implicate the guilty

physical evidence

relational

physically placed items in the scene

In order to restore a serial number that has been obliterated, the first step is to

polish the surface by using sand paper

How close results are to each other is referred to as

precision

Easy quick methods that allow investigators to preliminarily test for the presence of a substance; positive results must still be sent for further testing

presumptive tests

Facts and circumstances that would make a reasonably cautious police officer believe that a crime is, was, or might be committed.

probable cause

By screening all passengers boarding airplanes, we employ which method of behavioral analysis?

prospective profile: overlaid on a population in an attempt to predict who within a group has elevated potential prior to an event

Crime is a ________ offense.

public

transitory

random or fleeting

Physical evidence is evidence that has

relevence shape dimension size

eliminates human error

scientific method

Prying into hidden places by the police where a person holds a reasonable expectation of privacy

search

A show of police authority to which a person submits either voluntarily or by force

seizure

Upon responding to a noise complaint at a home in the Fan District, police on the scene notice an individual running at a high rate of speed through an alley behind the home. The individual is pursued by officers on foot due to the suspicious response to police presence. The individual now must submit either voluntarily or by force to a show of police authority. What is this called?

seizure

acid phosphatase

semen

Immunology based tests that identify specific antibodies in blood samples

species identification

As blood travels through the air, it does so in the shape of a

sphere

When an expert witness takes the stand and gives testimony, their credibility is determined by

the jury

mass murders

three or more victims in one location with one offender in one single event

Even if NIBIN identifies only one casing based on an individual striation match, a scientist must still perform the final analysis.

true

the direction in which the lands and grooves spiral down the inside of a handgun or rifle barrel is called

twist

AFIS has produced only one suspect based on a fingerprint pattern (or algorithm). True or False: A Scientist must still perform the final analysis.

yes