Fundamentals of CT

List five components of the CT imaging system.

1) Gantry 2) X-ray Tube 3) Generator 4) Detectors 5) Filters 6) Scanning console/computer 7) Table 8) Slip rings 9) Collimators 10) Detector arrays

Dual Source CT scanner includes one x-ray tube

False

6th generation CT scanners has a rotating array of detectors that allowed a helical/spiral scanner

True

Array processors 1) read converted data from detectors 2) reconstruct raw data into cross-sectional images 3) measure radiation dose of patients a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3

a) 1 and 2 only

How many degrees of indexing was the 1st generation CT scanner able to use. a) 1º b) 30º c) 180º d) 360º

a) 1º

Fourth generation scanners employed detectors that were: a) Curved/nonrotating b) Linear/rotating c) Curved/rotating d) Linear/nonrotating

a) Curved/nonrotating

Which of the following types of scanners used water bags? a) First generation only b) First and second generation c) First, second and third generation d) Water bags have never been used with CT scanning.

a) First generation only

First generation scanners were only capable of imaging the: a) Head/brain b) Extremities c) Chest, abdomen and pelvis. d) A and B are correct.

a) Head/brain

Which of the following is the most effective type of CT detector? a) Scintillation b) Xenon gas c) Linear array d) Photodiode

a) Scintillation

Nutating refers to the process of: a) Tilting the detector ring b) Tilting the x-ray tube c) Tilting the gantry d) Translation

a) Tilting the detector ring

Which type of beam did 4th generation CT scanners utilize? a) fan beam b) cone beam c) pencil beam d) electron beam

a) cone beam

Which type of beam did 2nd generation CT scanners utilize? a) fan beam b) cone beam c) pencil beam d) electron beam

a) fan beam

How many detectors did the 1st generation CT scanner include? a) 1 detector b) 2 detectors c) stationary multidetectors d) curved array of detectors

b) 2 detectors

How many degrees of indexing was the 2nd generation CT scanner able to use. a) 1º b) 30º c) 180º d) 360º

b) 30º

Second generation scanning employed: a) Pencil beam/a single detector b) A fan beam/multidetectors c) More indexing (compared with first generation scanners) d) B and C are correct

b) A fan beam/multidetectors

Which of the following sources of radiation were used in Hounsfield's first primitive CT scanner? a) X-ray b) Americium c) Radium d) Radon

b) Americium

Beam-shaping filters are designed to: a) Remove higher-energy photons from the beam b) Change the spatial distribution of the beam c) Decrease subject contrast d) Restrict the path of photons coming from the x-ray tube

b) Change the spatial distribution of the beam

Which of the following x-ray beam geometries is used by modern, multidetector CT scanners? a) Pencil beam b) Cone beam c) Fan beam d) Pinpoint beam

b) Cone beam

First generation CT scanners used _____ beam scanning. a) Cone b) Pencil c) Fan d) Pinpoint

b) Pencil

Which generation of CT scanners was the first to use a curved array of rotating detectors? a) Second b) Third c) Fourth d) Fifth

b) Third

Fifth generation CT scanners were specialized for what specific scan? a) cholonagraphy b) cardiac imaging c) brain imaging

b) cardiac imaging

Which type of beam did 3rd generation CT scanners utilize? a) fan beam b) cone beam c) pencil beam d) electron beam

b) cone beam

Which type of beam did 7th generation CT scanners utilize? a) fan beam b) cone beam c) pencil beam d) electron beam

b) cone beam

CT scanner x-ray tube voltages range from ______ to _____ kilovolts (kV). a) 60; 100 b) 80; 120 c) 80; 140 d) 100; 160

c) 80; 140

A CT gantry includes all of the following components except: a) Collimators b) Detectors c) Central processing unit d) Bow tie filters

c) Central processing unit

Which generation of CT scanners is associated with the term "EBCT" and the use of an electron beam gun? a) Seventh b) Sixth c) Fifth d) Fourth

c) Fifth

Generators are often times located within the gantry. These types of generators are typically: a) Full wave/three-phase b) Medium frequency c) High frequency d) Multiwave/two-phase

c) High frequency

How many detectors did the 4th generation CT scanner include? a) 1 detector b) 2 detectors c) stationary array of detectors d) curved array of detectors

c) Stationary array of detectors

In sixth generation CT scanners, which of the following elements rotate around the patient? a) The x-ray tube b) Detectors c) X-ray tube and detectors d) No choices are correct

c) X-ray tube and detectors

How many detectors did the 7th generation CT scanner include? a) 1 detector b) 2 detectors c) multiple rows/multisection d) curved array of detectors

c) multiple rows/multisection

Which type of beam did 1st generation CT scanners utilize? a) fan beam b) cone beam c) pencil beam d) electron beam

c) pencil beam

How many detectors did the 2nd generation CT scanner include? a) 1 detector b) 2 detectors c) stationary multidetectors d) curved array of detectors

c) stationary multidetectors

How many degrees of indexing was the 3rd generation CT scanner able to use. a) 1º b) 30º c) 180º d) 360º

d) 360º

The term "translation" is associated with _____ generation scanners. a) First b) Second c) Third d) A and B are correct

d) A and B are correct

Beam-shaping filters are generally composed of: a) Aluminum b) Copper c) Teflon d) A and C are correct

d) A and C are correct

Which of the following terms is associated with seventh generation spiral-helical technology? a) Multisection scanner b) Multidetector scanner c) Multiple detector array scanner d) All choices are correct

d) All choices are correct

Spiral-helical CT scanning is based on: a) Sequential data acquisition. b) Slip-ring technology. c) Volume data acquisition. d) B and C are correct

d) B and C are correct

The process related to the first computed tomography scanner was called: a) Computer-assisted tomography b) Reconstructive tomography c) Hounsfield tomography d) Computerized transverse axial scanning

d) Computerized transverse axial scanning

When image data is acquired by a CT scanner, it goes through a process known as: a) Convolution b) Photon flux c) Digitization d) Quantization

d) Quantization

All power to the gantry of a spiral-helical CT scanner is conveyed via: a) High-tension cables b) Rotating wire brushes c) Photon flux d) Slip rings

d) Slip rings

In multislice CT scanners, detector systems with equal-size detector elements are called _____ arrays. a) Linear b) Curved c) Adaptive d) Symmetric

d) Symmetric

How many detectors did the 3rd generation CT scanner include? a) 1 detector b) 2 detectors c) stationary multidetectors d) curved array of detectors

d) curved array of detectors

Which type of beam did 5th generation CT scanners utilize? a) fan beam b) cone beam c) pencil beam d) electron beam

d) electron beam

First generation CT scanners were made to scan which specific part of the body? a) chest b) extremities c) abdomen d) head

d) head

Data Acquisition System (DAS) are in charge of: a) Amplify and digitize the date before it reaches the computer b) encodes measurements into binary data c) measures radiation d) transmits binary data to computer e) all of the above

e) all of the above