Fundamentals of Nursing Ch 1,2,5

The nurse just attended a seminar on cultural diversity. Which statement by the nurse would require further education?

"Ethnicity and race are the same thing and are affected by cultural practice." People are often born into an ethnic group, or ethnicity develops by immersion in a community. People of the same ethnicity often speak similar dialects and share similar values. Ethnicity and race are terms used interchangeably; however, they are not the same thing. Race refers specifically to physical characteristics. Ch 5

The director of nurses (DON) in a long-term care facility has noticed an increased number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) on the east wing of the facility, and would like the infection control nurse to investigate this problem. What is the best problem statement for this study?

"Is there a relationship between the personnel caring for specific clients and whether or not these clients developed UTIs?" Research cannot begin before considerable review, investigation, and forethought have been given to the issue that appears to be the prroblem to be investigated. The problem statement in a research study identifies the direction that a research project will take. The statement should be clear and unambiguous, express a relationship between two or more variables, identify the population to be studied, and encourage empiric testing.

The nurse is teaching a black client about common health conditions. Which statement by the client most directly addresses a health problem with an increased incidence in this population group?

"It is important to monitor my blood pressure." Monitoring the blood pressure is important for identifying the risk for hypertension and stroke, which are common health conditions among the black population. Ch 5

The unlicensed assistive personnel reports to the nurse that the client is refusing to eat the food on the meal tray. The nurse observes the client eating the food brought in by family members. How should the nurse respond?

"What type of food did your family prepare for you, and does it have special meaning?" The culturally competent nurse should assess the type of food the client is eating and if the food has special meaning. Some cultures use food for healing and balance during times of illness. The client may have a restricted diet, but educating the client and family can allow the client to meet the cultural needs while still getting nutrition and meeting the dietary restrictions. Ch 5

A client is admitted to the health care facility with hypoglycemia. After the client is stable, the nurse discovers that the client has not had the prescribed medicines. The client believes that eating saffron will keep blood sugar under control. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

"Why don't you take the medicines, too, and benefit from both?" Although the nurse may disagree with the client's beliefs concerning the cause of health or illness, respect for these beliefs helps the nurse to achieve health care goals Ch 5

EBP Process

1) Ask a clinical question using PICO 2) Search for best available evidence 3) Evaluate evidence 4) Make clinical decision with client/family input 5) Implement clinical decision 6) Evaluate/document outcome of decision

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?

18th to 19th century From the middle of the 18th century to the 19th century, social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general. It was during this time that nursing as we now know it began, based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale Ch 1

Which definition of culture is most accurate?

A belief system that guides behavior Culture is a belief system that the members of the culture hold, to varying degrees, consciously or unconsciously, as absolute truth. That belief system guides everyday behavior and makes it routine. Ch 5

The nurse is evaluating client health. Which client should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health?

A client with a leg amputation who performs activities of daily living with a prosthesis Ch 1

The International Council of Nurses

A federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, representing the more than 16 million nurses worldwide. Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well, and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health; prevention of illness; and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.

A community health nurse is providing care to a group of Hispanic people living in an area that is predominantly populated by white people. What are the Hispanic people in this community an example of?

A minority The term minority refers to a group of people whose physical and cultural characteristics differ from the majority of people in a society Ch 5

Which scenario is the best example of a nurse in the role of counselor?

A nurse allowing a crying client to verbalize fears of death When acting as a counselor, the nurse uses therapeutic interpersonal skills to help develop the client's problem-solving and decision-making skills. The best example is the nurse allowing the client to verbalize feelings, as verbalizing feelings lets the client gain a better perspective of the situation for problem solving and for coming to terms with the situation. Ch 1

Dorothea Dix

A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.

After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding that:

ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States. ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States. Membership is not open to all nurses in the United States; only registered nurses can become members. Ch 1

A nurse is completing a family assessment on a routine home health visit. The parents have a child with a severe peanut allergy. The mother states that she does not purchase any foods with peanut or peanut oil for her family. The other children are allowed to have foods containing peanuts while they are at school and visiting with friends and family. The nurse would conclude that which of the following theories would most like be the basis for this family's functioning?

Adaptation Theory Adaptation theory is based on an understanding of humans and their interaction with the environment. In this situation the mother is manipulating the physical environment for the child with allergies, as well as the needs and/or desires of the other children. Ch 2

Which behavior by the nurse demonstrates cultural blindness?

Administering antibiotics to a child whose parents do not believe in Western medicine Cultural blindness occurs when one ignores differences and proceeds as though they do no exist. Administering antibiotics to a child when the parents do not believe in Western medicine is an example of cultural blindness. Convincing a client that Western medicine is most effective is cultural imposition. Dismissing acupuncture as ridiculous is inappropriate and an example of cultural conflict. Ch 5

The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was:

American Journal of Nursing The American Journal of Nursing was first published in 1900 and was owned, operated, and published by nurses. It continues to provide information that may be of interest to nurses in all nursing specialities, and those who practice general nursing. Ch 1

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?

American Nurses Association The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established standards of clinical nursing practice that define the specific and unique activities of nurses. Standards serve as protection for the nurse, the client, and the institution where health care is given. Ch 1

Which nursing group provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing?

American Nurses Association (ANA) Ch 1

utilized for its application in clinical practice.

Applied research Ch 2

The nurse admits a client to the critical care unit to rule out a myocardial infarction. The client has several family members in the waiting room. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

Assess the client's beliefs about family support during hospitalization. Asking the client about the client's beliefs exemplifies that the nurse recognizes the importance of respecting differences rather than imposing standards. If the client believes family support is significant to health and recovery, the nurse should respect the client's beliefs and allow the visitors into the room. Ch 5

utilized to generate or refine theory

Basic research Ch 2

racism

Belief that one race is superior to another

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who expresses the desire to learn more about a diabetic diet in an attempt to gain better control of blood sugar levels. The nurse's actions will be based on which non-nursing theory?

Change theory The client has identified a need for change, which will guide the nurse's actions.

A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICO format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?

Chromium supplements In this question, the intervention (I) would be the use of chromium supplements. The population (P) would be overweight clients. The comparison (C) would be no supplements. The outcome (O) would be weight loss. Ch 2

A nurse is conducting a cultural assessment of a client. Which person would the nurse identify as the expert?

Client When gathering cultural information, the interviewee is the expert. Other family members may provide information about the culture, but the client is the expert Ch 5

Florence Nightingale introduced the concept of apprenticeship for nurses. Which statement is an example of this?

Completing clinical hours supervised by a nursing instructor Florence Nightingale's concept of apprenticeship involved training student nurses in a hospital setting. Completing clinical hours is an example of this

The nurse is caring for the teenage child of immigrants. The teenager voices distress because after living in the country for several years, he no longer wants to participate in some of the tradition religious rituals that are important to his parents. What is the teenager experiencing?

Cultural change The teenager is experiencing cultural change. This often occurs when a person changes upon coming into contact with new beliefs and ideas.

In selecting sources to include in a literature review for a nursing research project, which would be most helpful?

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Indexes such as the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Nursing Index, Index Medicus, Nursing Studies Index, MedLine, and Nursing Research Index are valuable in locating nursing-based literature and research studies. Such indexes would be more helpful than any individual journal. Ch 2

Which is the theory that describes the maturation of humans through stages?

Developmental theory Developmental theory describes maturation of humans through stages. Ch 2

nursing theorist and creator of the self-care deficit nursing theory, also known as the Orem model of nursing

Dorothea Orem Ch 2

Which nursing action displays linguistic competence?

Learning pertinent words and phrases in the client's language Linguistic competence is best displayed by learning pertinent words or phrases in the client's language. Ch 5

The nurse is performing an extensive dressing change on a client with burns. The nurse explains each step as it is being performed. The nurse is acting in which role by providing explanation of each step?

Educator Under the overall umbrella of nursing process, the nurse in this situation is performing the the implemention of the care plan interventions.The nurse is acting in the role of educator by explaining each step at a level, and to a degree that the client can process, ask questions if necessary, and understand. Ch 1

What is the best nursing intervention to promote health in a client at risk for heart disease?

Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss Nurses promote health by identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each client's own individual strengths as components of preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death. Emphasizing the client's strengths to encourage weight loss is the most effective way to promote this client's health Ch 1

Florence Nightingale

Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing. began professional education of nursing. Florence Nightingale is often seen as the very first nurse researcher. Her research in the 1850s focussed on soldiers' morbidity and mortality during the Crimean War.

When describing the concept of ethnicity, which statement would be most appropriate to use?

Ethnicity allows people to define themselves and others to define them. Ethnicity is a cluster of ways for people to define themselves and be defined by others. It involves the selection of certain shared cultural characteristics, such as symbols of a common group origin, history, or descent. Ethnicity is not culture. Ethnicity or ethnic identity refers to a self-conscious, past-oriented form of identity based on a notion of shared cultural (and perhaps ancestral) heritage, as well as current position within the larger society. Ch 5

When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?

Evaluating practice change The fifth and final step in the process of implementing evidence-based practice is to evaluate and critically appraise the change in practice. Ch 2

Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice?

Evidence-based research Evidence-based research is translational research that forms the bridge between theory and practice. Ch 2

A client is distraught because a recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that the client's colon cancer has metastasized to the lungs. Which nursing aim should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this client?

Facilitating coping This client's care in the coming weeks or months will likely encompass all of the four foundational roles of the nurse. However, because the client has just recently received bad news and is emotionally distraught, helping the client cope is an appropriate priority in immediate care. Ch 1

Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?

Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale conceptualized the nurse's role as manipulating the environment to facilitate and encourage the reparative process. This would be accomplished by attending to ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness, and noise. Ch 2

Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?

Florence Nightingale Nursing research has been an integral part of the profession since Florence Nightingale documented the care of soldiers in the Crimean War. Ch 2

A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?

General systems theory This theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in "systems." It emphasizes relationships between the whole and the parts and describes how parts function and behave. Ch 2

What are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply.

Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure Telling a client their blood pressure Discussing laboratory values with a client When acting in the role of communicator, the nurse is using effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships. Examples include telling a client their blood pressure, calling a physician regarding a client condition, reviewing laboratory values with the client, and relaying pertinent information with members of the multidisciplinary team, such as the physical therapist. Ch 1

Nursing Research

Is also a more recently developed nursing journal with a focus on nursing research and targets nurses interested in research Ch 1

Clara Barton

Launched the American Red Cross in 1881. An "angel" in the Civil War, she treated the wounded in the field.

The nurse is preparing to administer prescribed medication to a client who is Native American/First Nations. The nurse enters the room and observes a shaman performing a healing ritual for the client. What action would be the most appropriate by the nurse?

Leave the room and return when the shaman is finished. Shamans are tribal leaders or medicine men that are used in many Native American/First Nations cultures to relieve illness. The culturally competent nurse should allow privacy for the healing ritual and return when it is completed. The culturally competent nurse should incorporate the client's beliefs into the client's care, as long as the health belief and practice is safe. Ch 5

A nurse is assessing a client and determines that the client belongs to a minority group. Based on the nurse's understanding about minority groups, the nurse would anticipate that the client would likely experience which effects? Select all that apply.

Less power Health disparities The term minority refers to a group of people within a society whose members have different ethnic, racial, national, religious, sexual, political, linguistic, or other characteristics from most of society. Being of a minority group often results in having less power and being disadvantaged, including health disparities in a society. Ch 5

pioneer in nursing autonomy and nurse-driven care.

Lydia Hall Ch 2

The nurse is caring for a client who perceives time differently. What action should the nurse take for this client?

Maintain flexibility when the client requests interventions at specific times. People view time differently. Social time can reflect attitudes regarding punctuality that vary among cultures. The nurse should maintain a flexible attitude and adapt the time of interventions to the client's needs and requests. Ch 5

A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse?

Master's A master's degree is the minimal degree for a nurse to become a nurse practitioner. Diploma, associate, and baccalaureate degrees are the minimal degree for an RN. Ch 1

A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?

National Institute of Nursing Research The nurse would most likely contact the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), which was established under the National Institutes of Health in response to a 1983 study by the Institute of Medicine. The institute's purpose was to place nursing securely in the sphere of scientific investigation and to support research and training in client care, health promotion, and disease prevention, as well as the mitigation of effects of acute and chronic disabilities. The NINR has continued to fund and support nursing research and is instrumental in the support and dissemination of seminal work in nursing. Ch 2

A nurse is providing care to a client who is from a different culture. Which aspect about culture would be most important for the nurse to integrate into the client's care?

Not all members of the same culture act and think alike. Culture is shared unequally by its members; that is, not all members of the same culture act and think alike. Culture is also dynamic and changes as people come into contact with new beliefs and ideas. Some learning of culture is purposeful and some is absorbed without awareness. Much of culture is implicit, a combination of habit and assumptions about the world, such that habits are enacted without reflection in the daily course of living. This makes culture difficult for members to describe. Ch 5

Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?

Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health. Ch 2

Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?

Nursing theory Nursing theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. Ch 2

A nurse incorporates the health promotion guidelines established by the U.S. Department of Health document Healthy People 2010. Which disease/condition is a health indicator discussed in this document?

Obesity The 10 leading indicators of health established by Healthy People 2010 are: physical activity, excessive weight and obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, responsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunizations, and access to health care Ch 1

The student nurse is changing the bed linens of a hospitalized patient. While placing the contaminated materials into the laundry bag, the outside of the bag is touched by the material. What should the student nurse do next?

Obtain another laundry bag and place the contaminated bag inside while in the patient's room. If the outside of the bag becomes contaminated, place that bag in another bag (double-bagging).

What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his or her nursing license?

Obtain continuing education credits. In many states, continuing education is required for an RN to maintain licensure. These are defined as professional development experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health. Obtainment of an ongoing degree is not necessary to maintain licensure. While hospital in-services may provide continuing education, not all in-services are designed to do so. Ch 1

A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?

P When using PICO, the "P" stands for the patient or problem and its delineation. The "I" signifies the intervention considered; "C" denotes comparison if appropriate, or it may be optional; and "O" represents the outcome of interest or relevant outcomes. Ch 2

The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory? Environment, Person, Health, Nursing

Person All of these concepts are important in nursing theory; however, the focus of nursing is on the person (client). Ch 2

foundational roles of the nurse

Preventing Illness Restoring Health Health promotion ETC

A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?

Preventing skin breakdown Within the PICO question framework, the "O" denotes the outcome of interest. In this case, the desired outcome is the prevention of skin breakdown. Ch 2

What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?

Qualitative Qualitative research is designed to seek the perceptions that the clients' and families' perceptions of receiving their care that the hospital desires Ch 2

utilizes words or narrative for data rather than numbers

Qualitative research ch 2

A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research?

Quantitative research utilizes numerical values and statistical analysis of data Ch 2

A registered nurse is convicted of stealing narcotics from the medical-surgical unit. Which action might be taken against this RN's nursing license?

Revoking of the nursing license The nursing license and the right to practice nursing can be denied, revoked, or suspended for professional misconduct including chemical impairment, criminal actions, and incompetence. Ch 1

CSJ is an American nun, nursing theorist, professor and author. She is known for creating the adaptation model of nursing.

Sister Callista Roy Ch 2

When a labor and delivery nurse tells a coworker that a client of Asian descent probably did not want any pain medication because "Asian women typically are stoic," the nurse is expressing a belief known as what?

Stereotype Stereotypes are preconceived and untested beliefs about people Ch 5

In addressing health promotion for a client who is a member of another culture, the nurse should be guided by which principle?

The client may have a very different understanding of health promotion. As a component of cultural assessment, the nurse should seek to understand the cultural lens through which the client may understand health promotion. Even if health promotion is not a priority in a client's culture, the nurse should still address issues related to health promotion in a respectful and relevant manner Ch 5

Which is the best example of a client-centered approach to care?

The nurse asks the client about health goals. Client-centered care is one of the quality and safety education requirements for nursing competencies (QSEN). The intent of client-centered care is to ensure that care is centered on the client, and not the needs of the nurse Ch 1

How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked?

The nurse assesses problems initially. The first step for the practicing nurse is to assess a problem; for the researcher, the first step is to recognize the general problem area. Ch 2

The postoperative patient's plan of care contains an intervention to ambulate twice a day 200 feet with assistance of one member of the healthcare team. The intervention was not completed one morning due to his pain. Which of the following would be the appropriate way to document the missed event?

The patient reported his pain at a level of 8/10 at 30 minutes after dosing. The patient was returned to bed and the physician was notified of the uncontrolled pain level with the current medication order. This is the correctly stated evaluation because it indicates that goal was not met, with specific documentation providing what happened, patient's response, and what follow-up was done.

Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?

Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice. Theoretic frameworks are important to the advancement of nursing knowledge and professional practice. Research is known to take many years to impact clinical practice, so the possibility of advancing the ethical aspects of nursing practice would be a very long term goal without a guarantee. Ch 2

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers?

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing. Nursing research requires extensive education and is a uniquely specilized field. Nurse researchers are responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing. They usually have advanced education post baccalaureate degree in nursing and most often work in large teaching hospitals or research centers. Ch 1

A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?

Traditional knowledge Traditional knowledge is known as knowledge that is passed down from one generation to the next. A grandmother passing information is an example of traditional knowledge. Ch` 2

A nurse researcher is reviewing the Privacy Rule under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and finds information about handling protected health information (PHI). The nurse researcher would most likely find rules for which aspects of PHI? Select all that apply. Access, Usage, Documentation, Revisions, Sharing

Usage Access Sharing The Privacy Rule pertains to those who conduct research in that it outlines the rules for the use of, sharing of, and access to PHI when conducting research Ch 2

Which practice by the nurse indicates that the nurse is a professional?

Using evidence-based practice interventions When the nurse uses evidence-based practice interventions, the interventions are based on ongoing research, which is part of the defining criteria of a profession. Ch 1

During the Reformation, which factor influenced the decline of nursing?

Women's subordination to men Women were viewed as subordinate to men and were expected to remain at home caring for children; this decreased the number of qualified women practicing nursing. Ch 1

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

World War II During the middle of the twentieth century, Esther Lucile Brown, in her report on nursing education published at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals Ch 1

An older adult client who only speaks the nondominant language has been admitted to the emergency department after suffering a fall and suspected hip fracture in the home. Who is the best person to perform translation services for the client?

a hospital translator A qualified interpreter who is familiar with health care terminology is the best choice for providing translation for clients. Such a person is more likely to be objective and well versed in the requisite vocabulary than is a friend, family member, or hospital employee. Ch 5

Adaptation Theory

adjustment of living matter to other living things and environment

The National League for Nursing

advances excellence in nursing education to prepare nurses to meet the needs of a diverse population in a changing health care environment

Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice

are directives and guidelines that may be published as books available to nurses for purchase and review. It is not a nursing journal. Ch 1

A nurse mentoring second-year nursing students from a community college plans clinical experiences for them. These students will most likely graduate in which time frame?

at the end of the year Nursing students from a community college are most likely students attempting to obtain an associate degree, which is a 2-year program Ch 1

When the nurse researcher informs the participant that the participant's identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:

confidentiality. Not linking the participant's identity to the data collected does not ensure the participant's anonymity (the researcher knows the participant's identity) Ch 2

developmental theory

describes maturation of human through stages

When a home-bound client expresses the client's past-oriented ancestral heritage and family rituals, the nurse recognizes that the client is expressing:

ethnic identity. Ethnicity or ethnic identity refers to a self-conscious, past-oriented form of identity based on a notion of shared cultural (and perhaps ancestral) heritage and current position in larger society. Ch 5

When an American client states, "I only want an American doctor," the client is expressing:

ethnocentrism. Viewing one's own culture as superior to all others is ethnocentrism. Ch 5

Lillian Wald

founded the Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service which provided nursing and social services and organized educational and cultural activities. She is considered the founder of public health nursing

The PICO model is useful when considering EBP questions.

four components that provide structure when writing clinical questions patient population, intervention of interest, comparison of interest, and outcome of interest used to formulate EBP Four components (P-Patient/Population/Problem; I-Intervention; C-Comparison; O-Outcome) that provide structure when writing clinical questions

One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to:

generate knowledge to guide practice. One of the major reasons for conducting nursing research is to generate knowledge to guide practice. Ch 2

A nurse admitting a client to the home health service is gathering information for the client's database. Within the database, the nurse gathers information on the client's health history, past surgeries, diet, exercise, psychosocial status, family and support persons, and spirituality. This information will assist in the development of the client's plan of care. This is considered a:

holistic database. Nurses deal with the whole person, examining the physical, psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual aspects of each client's life. The whole-person concept emphasizes a holistic approach to professional nursing.

Nurse Educator

is a more recently developed journal which specializes in nursing education and targets nurse eductors. Ch 1

Teaching a woman about breast self-examination is an example of what broad aim of nursing?

preventing illness Nurses primarily prevent illness by teaching and personal example. Illness prevention activities focus on avoiding illness or achieving early detection of an illness, such as breast cancer Ch 1

The National Council of State Boards of Nursing

provides guidance and continuity for nursing regulation, all 50 states and 5 territories, NCLEX-RN

Cultural pervasiveness

refers to how widespread the effects of a culture are.

Cultural relativity

the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place

Systems Theory

theory that describes the interconnected elements of a system in which a change in one element affects all of the other elements

What is the primary purpose of standards of nursing practice?

to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive nursing care Each nurse is accountable for his or her own quality of practice and is responsible for using standards to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive care. Ch 1

Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:

use of outcome studies to guide decisions. Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and the use of outcome studies to guide decisions. Ch 2

Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree?

using research findings to improve practice Nurses with baccalaureate degrees are expected to use research findings to improve practice. Graduates from vocational, diploma, and associate degree programs do not have coursework in nursing research and are not expected to independently use it in clinical practice. Nurses from all levels of education provide direct care, administer medications, and collaborate with other health care providers. Ch 1