Genetic Quest

One of 2 or more alternate forms/versions of a particular gene

Allele

The stronger version of a gene. The form that will show up if present

Dominant

the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms

F1 generation

the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation

F2 generation

A segment of DNA that is responsible for the physical/inherited trait of an individual

Gene

Combination of alleles (2) that an individual inherits for a specific gene

Genotype

Type of genotype in which an individual has 2 different alleles for a gene

Heterozygous

Type of genotype in which an individual has 2 of the same allele for a gene

Homozygous

Some characteristics are caused by the environment, some by inherited factors, while some are caused by both environment and inherited factors. ... Inherited disorders are caused by faulty genes on these chromosomes. Different versions of a gene are called alleles, and these alleles can be dominant or recessive.

How do gene's and the environment interact?

parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross

P generation

Expression of an individual's genotype as a physical trait in the organism

Phenotype

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Punnett square

The weaker version of a gene. The form that is masked if a dominant one is present

Recessive

Inheritance of traits by offspring follows predictable rules. Genes come in different varieties, called alleles. Somatic cells contain two alleles for every gene, with one allele provided by each parent of an organism.

What controls the inheritance of traits in organisms?

Inherited traits are controlled by genes and the complete set of genes within an organism's genome is called its genotype. The complete set of observable traits of the structure and behavior of an organism is called its phenotype.

What controls the inheritance of traits in organisms?

-one: Centrioles separate, spindle fibers are formed, nuclear envelope disappears, chromosomes become visible, tetrads form, crossing over takes place -two:Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, spindle fibers attach onto the homologous chromosomes -three:Spindle fibers help separate the homologous chromosomes -four: the haploid number (these events happen twice)

What events occur during meiosis?

Probability is a number in which an event is likely to occur. It explains the results of genetic crosses by showing how likely an organism's offspring is going to be dominant or recessive.

What is probability and how does it help explain the results of genetic crosses?

Meiosis has 2 cell divisions

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Chromosomes are made from DNA. Genes are short sections of DNA. Genetically identical cells are produced by a type of cell division called mitosis. In sexual reproduction, a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to produce a new cell.

What role do chromosomes play in inheritance?

Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.

What were the results of Mendel's experiments or crosses?

situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

codominance

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

fertilization

Scientific term for having two different alleles for a trait

heterozygous

Scientific term for having two identical alleles for a trait

homozygous

Scientific term for having two dominant alleles for a trait

homozygous dominant

Scientific term for having two recessive alleles for a trait

homozygous recessive

a genotype with two different alleles.

hybrid

creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other

incomplete dominance

most F2 plants have green pods but some have in F1 yellow pods

mendel crossed w pea plants: one with green pods and one with yellow pods. the F1 generation had all geen pods. what color pods dd the F2 generation have? explain your answer

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

probability

a genotype with two of the same alleles.

purebred

how do dominant alleles and recessive alleles differ?

the dominant alleles always show up in an organism but in recessive the alleles are hidden.

it would produce a tall offspring because the purebred (tall) trait is more dominant.

the plant below is purebred for height (tall). write the alleles of this plant. in any cross for height, what kind of offspring will this plant produce.

specific physical characteristic that varies from one individual to another

trait

if it is BB, it is showing me that it is a dominant black but if its b it is recessive black

what kind of cross might tell you if a black guinea pig is BB or Bb? Why?

Yy

which of the following represents a heterozygous genotype: YY, yy, Yy, or YhYh