GEO -Quiz 1-3 Answers:

what are the four most abundant gasses in earths atmosphere

nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide,

mineral precipitation is primarily driven by the following:

pressure change, temperature change, composition change

the particle in the nucleus with a positive charge is

proton

oceanic crust is thinnest at

spreading ridges

The lithosphere includes:

the crust and the uppermost mantle

What does the concept of uniformitarianism state?

The present is the key to the past

The two broad categories of igneous rocks are:

Volcanic and Plutonic

In science, a theory is a guess based on observations

False

Continental crust is broadly made of the rock ___ while oceanic crust is largely made of the rock ___.

Granite, Baslat

What is the term for the equilibrium that exists between parts of the earth's crust, which behaves as if it consists of blocks floating on the underlaying mantle?

Isostasy

What does the principle of Original Horizontally state?

Most sediment is deposited in horizontal layers

Put the 5 elements of the scientific method in order:

Observation, Hypothesis, Test, Gather data, Formulate a theory, reevaluate old ideas

the most abundant element in earth's crust is a

Oxygen

the name of the most recent supercontinent, which existed about 250 million years ago

Pangea

An unconformity is where two rock strata of different ages come into contact

True

the Hawaiian islands are a result of:

a hot spot

The mesozoic era started about (a) million years ago, the Paleozoic era started about (b) million years ago

a: 250, b: 540

a rock is

an arrangement of minerals, either sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic , held together by cement, solid

what happens when a threshold point is passed

change becomes more rapid

the strongest type of molecular bond is

covalent

the crystal habit of the mineral habit is

cubic

which of the following is NOT a class of sedimentary rock

mafic

what evidence do we have that the earths continents were once joined

distinctive rock assemblage in multiple continents , mountain belts that cross oceans, non-swimming animal fossils on different continents, Geologic data that shows that non-warm places were once by the poles, sea floor spreading and continental drift imply that continents would run into each other at some point

The geosphere includes the worlds oceans

false

quartz and calcite are polymorphs

false

the Himalayas are the product of a divergent tectonic boundary

false

tectonic plates move at the speed of

fingernail growth

what are the properties if an extrusive igneous rock

formed from lava, has relatively small crystals, cooled rapidly

which of the following is NOT a cause of rock melting in the earth

increased pressure

which is NOT a property of a mineral

isotopically stable