Geography Chapter 1 & 2

Approximately what percentage of residents of the U.S. work directly in agriculture or farming today?

1%

A map has a scale of 1:12,000. One inch on this map would equal___ on the Earth's surface.

12,000 inches

Dixie

American South historically dependent on plantation agriculture dependent upon slavery -only 12% of population were plantation owners -no local market for goods -Civil war marked end of slavery based plantations system -wealth inequality and poverty remain high -a growing economic diversity in banking, manufacturing, film making, and tourism

Imagine that you just won a trip to Paris. Assuming that you leave BWI airport and fly east, what ocean will you fly over on your way to Paris?

Atlantic Ocean

The North American Megalopolis includes the city of

Boston

More than 2/3 of the U.S. fruits and nuts are grown in ___.

California

The Empty Quarter

Continental interior, a vast expanse of land with scarce population -Matanuska glacier, Alaska -Ogilive Mountains, yukon -low population density overall -setlements closely tied to resource extraction such as mining

The large triangular-shaped plain of sediment that formed where the Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea is called the Nile_____

Delta

The Mediterranean climate of North America's southern west coast is characterized by:

Dry warm summers and cool, moist winters

Physical geography

Earth science that emphasizes on the environment and the processes that shape it

Colonization

European trade expanded to include the Americas, Asia, and Africa

Breadbasket

Great plains was the source of much of the corn and wheat in north america -low population density -kansas grain silos and elevators -excelent soils -settled by farmers -"Dust bowl" of 1930's led to migration to west coast -irrigation grows increasingly because the western plains are too dry and so grazing dominates -relies heavily on the Ogallala Aquifer which is the largest in North America but suffers from overuse and pollution -fossil fuel extraction controversies

Globalization

Increased flows of goods, capital, labor, resources, information and pollution between regions

The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) is comprised of all of the following measures, except:

Infant mortality rates

Globalization has transformed economic development in North America, reorienting employment toward____.

Knowledge-intensive jobs that require education and training.

Industrial Revolution

Mechanization and specialization increased demand for resources, decreased demand for human and animal labor, and radically transformed physical and human geography.

Which climate region applies to Hagerstown, Maryland?

Midlatitude, moist all year (C1 climate type)

North America's largest river system is the___.

Mississippi

"Maritime" Provinces

New England and Canadian Atlantic. Fisheries historically important, activities like fishing, logging and mining. Economies are larger, more diverse and more stable than canadian maritime provinces. People come to watch whales, nesting birds and experience dramatic geology and tidal shifts -Cape St. Mary's Newfoundland -Bay of Fundy has the world's largest tidal range of 16.3 meters

Which of the following states was dramatically altered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last glaciation?

New York

Hagerstown, Maryland is located in the_____ hemisphere and the___ hemisphere.

Northern, Western

The ____ is the largest aquifer in North America.

Ogallala

Multinational corporations

Operate across conventional borders, maximizing profit mainly by exploiting cheap labor. Sometimes associated with "neo-colonialism"

The ____ Ring of Fire is a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanoes resulting from tectonic activity.

Pacific

The primary language is French in_____.

Quebec

Megalopolis

Several cities coalescing together -->Boston-New York-Philadelphia-baltimore-Washington, DC-Richmond

MexAmerica

Southern California and Southwest has Arid region with diverse cultural influences -settled by indigenous peoples and spanish -taken from Mexico by 1850 -Agriculture critical in California; tremendous government subsides and environmental modification -joshua tree national park -Montezuma's castle national monument Camp Verde, Arizona

According to modern plate-tectonic theory, which of the following DID NOT exist 237 million years ago?

The Atlantic Ocean

The sub-region known as North America's breadbasket is:

The Great Planes

Where on Earth does the Sun not appear above the horizon or "rise" for weeks during the winter?

The North Pole

"Rust Belt"

The Old Economic Core -manufacturing of iron ore, and coal thrived here -transportation by the great lakes and St. Lawrence seaway link to the Atlantic -youngstown ohio and bethlehem step, bethlehem PA -hagerstown is located here -cities today are reinventing themselves in becoming high tech research and manufacturing

Hagerstown, MD is located in which North American sub-region?

The Rust Belt

Which of the following statements is most accurate of the United States and Canada?

The United states and Canada are roughly the same size in terms of total land area.

Immigrants to North America generally compete with which social group for jobs?

The lowest paid, least educated workers.

Geography

The study of Earth's surface and the processes that shape it

What is primarily responsible for changing seasons on Earth

The tilt of the Earth's axis affects the amount and angle of incoming solar radiation striking various locations as the Earth revolves

Quebec

Trapping, logging, and fishing are historically important -maintianed french culture and language -Fairmont Le Château Frontenac the northern part is very dependent in primary sector activities such as mining and timber -black spruce timber is a major export

The primary difference between weather and climate is that___.

Weather refers to relatively short term temperature and precipitation conditions while climate refers to the long-term temperature and precipitation patterns or averages.

People began to arrive in North America thousands of years ago. It is believed by the majority of researchers that these early arrivals to North America migrated_____.

across the Bering land bridge from Asia

Longitude

also called Meridians, these are used to measure distance East or West from Greenwich, England (Prime Meridian)

Latitude

also called parallels, these Lines are used to measure distance North or South from the equator, they run east to west

Gentrification

attempts to re-invest in cities, often displacing the poor

degrees

divided into 60 minutes

Minutes

divided into 60 seconds

If a population pyramid is very wide at the base and narrow at the top, the population of that society is likely to...

grow rapidly

A researcher is at 0 degrees latitude and 0 degrees longitude. the researcher is located_____.

in the Atlantic Ocean

The distance (in degrees) north or south of the equator is called

latitude

Ecotopia

means the struggle between resource extraction and ecological sustainability -Sequoia National Park Southern Sierra Nevada, CA -Willamette National Forest, Oregon -Douglas Fir Trees, Oregon -deforestation in oregon -Grand Coulee Dam in Columbia River -recreational opportunities are often at odds with environmental sustainability

Orographic precipitation falls____.

on the windward coastal side of mountains

Urban/Suburban Sprawl

the growth of low-density urbanization outward from central cities

Geomorphology

the study of geologic landforms and the processes that shape them such as plate tectonics, weathering and erosion, depositions, etc.

Biogeography

the study of species distribution patterns

Human Geography

the various aspects of human life that create the distinctive landscapes and regions of the world

From 1945 to 2011, the world's population...

tripled

Subregions of North America

~New England and Canadian Atlantic "Maritme" Provinces ~Quebec/French Canada ~"Rust Belt" ~"Dixie" or "The South" ~"Breadbasket" ~"The Empty Quarter" ~"Ecotopia" ~"MexAmerica"