Geography Chapter 9 Test
Inca Empire was spread all along which geographical feature?
The Andes
The mountains encircle the altiplano, which means"___________."
high plain
Because the mountains create natural barriers, many ___________ communities were isolated and developed different customs.
indigenous
How did the American and French revolutions affect South America in the 1800s?
inspired independence movements
What were some engineering feats of the Inca?
temples fortresses roads irrigation systems
Spanish for "high plain," a region in Peru and Bolivia encircled by the Andes
Altiplano
Describe the concept of brain drain and how it relates to the countries of South America.
Is the loss of educated and skilled workers to other countries. loses people to America and Europe
Describe the llanos and the Atacama. Include the climates of the regions and any adaptations that plants and animals must have to survive.
Llanos: Tropical wet.dry scattered with trees have steady rainfall Atacama: Arid, no rainfall ever recorded
the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries
brain drain
Two causes of environmental pollution in South America are large-scale _____________ production and the growth of _____________ , or favelas.
economic slums
_______ is one result of too much farming, construction, logging, fires, and overgrazing.
soil erosion
What examples of music show how Native American, African, and European musical traditions intertwine?
tango has unique styles
What draws people from rural areas to cities such as São Paulo, Buenos Aires, or Bogotá?
higher wages better living conditions escape from violence
The Moche culture, which existed in South America before the Inca, built stone buildings and sophisticated ___________ systems.
irrigation
How were the policies of Perón similar to those of Chávez?
Both had to do with nationalsim and populist
The southernmost portion of South America is called __________.
Cape Horn
What is the family unit like in urban upper and middle classes?
a nuclear household
People are cutting down large areas of South America's rain forests. This threatens the forests' _____________ , or variety of plants and animals.
biodiversity
What led to the end of the Inca Empire?
conquered by the Spanish
a steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface
escarpment
How are South America's rivers important for economic development?
Usually for transportation
What generalization can you make about the location of agroforestry and shifting cultivation in South America?
Are in the amazon river basin (a wet climate should help)
what effect does El Nino have on forest fires
can even set fire to rain forests
What are two examples of how South America's physical geography affects human activities?
1) Fertile soil in Andean highlands 2)The Llanos and Pampas have fertile soil and a lot of grazing cattle(farmers)
What are the three main religions in South America (in order of popularity)? List the most popular first.
1)Roman Catholic 2)Traditional religions 3)Christianity
The Atacama Desert lies between a series of coastal mountains to the west and the Andes Mountains to the east. To the northeast is the Atacama Plateau, with elevations of __________.
11,000-13,000 ft
How did the city of Machu Picchu display advanced skills in construction?
Built inside the mountain Built for earthquakes
Explain how the environmental impacts of El Niño could have negative economic effects on countries.
Can have an effect on fishing, agriculture. If a country relies on something that is destroyed, it will hurt the economy
In what ways have the populations of the Andes region become dependent on their environment?
The indigenous people have lifestyles based on the highlands, such as agriculture
How do Chile's natural features contrast with the country's human-made features?
The natural features are adapted to the area. The human made features are new and are made to help the country succeed
What did Bolivia lose as a result of the War of the Pacific?
They lost there ocean access which was the Atacama desert
What happened to the city of Machu Picchu after it was abandoned?
"Lost" in a cloud forest discovered in 1911
How are transportation and manufacturing related in South America?
Manufacturing only happens where transportation is easily accessible
Describe the population trends in South America today. What role does physical geography play in human settlement and movement?
Population growth is steady Physical geography has human settling along the coast and movement from the interior to the coast
what effect does El Nino have on flooding
Strongest ever 97-98. Floods doubled Was felt all the way in Europe
Name and describe the two inland grasslands areas of South America.
The Llanos (Columbia and Venezuela) and the Pampas (Argentina and Uruguay) are great for grazing cattle and have good soil
What are some Ecuadorians doing to try to remedy the situation?
sue the company
Describe the order of events beginning with changes in the atmospheric pressure systems that lead to the impacts caused by El Niño.
1) Descending dry air 2) Wind moves east 3) warm air rises
Name three predominant climates in South America and describe their locations.
1) Tropical wet- Eastern 2)Tropical wet/dry-North central 3) Humid Subtropical- southeast
Several peaks in the Andes Mountains tower to elevations of greater than __________. In comparison, the highest point in the Rocky Mountains of North America is just over __________.
20,000 ft 14,400 ft
What countries in South America have large African populations?
All along the northeast coast
The 4,000 mile (6,400 km) long___________ River flows through Brazil and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.
Amazon
The ___________, which covers much of Brazil and other countries in eastern South America, is the largest of its kind in the world.
Amazon Rainforest
The ___________, the world's longest mountain chain, is made up of a series of mountain ranges which run parallel to one another.
Andes
What landforms are found in the areas where the majority of indigenous people live?
Andes
The inland Gran Chaco lowlands cover parts of __________, __________, and __________. This region is thinly populated.
Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay
.The Cordilleras include those lesser mountains that stretch out from the Andes. These mountains stretch as far as __________, __________, and __________.
Columbia, Bolivia, and Venezuela
parallel chains or ranges of mountains
Cordillera
What is the effect of El Niño events, on the penguins of the Galapagos?
Decreases number of plankton which is the base of their foodchain
South American economies have been boosted by global demand for what kinds of products?
Demand for raw natural resources
A climate phenomenon called ___________ creates warm ocean conditions that affect weather, fishing, and agriculture.
El Nino
Why might geographers use the term pre-Columbian when studying cultures?
Everything changed when the europeans arrived
What are some physical features of the Atacama Desert?
Extravagant volcanic plains Remote No plants No rain ever recorded
Why do most of South America's people live on or near the coasts and along major rivers?
Good climate fertile land easy access to transportation
What is the benefit of cooperation between countries in South America?
Helps with trade or problems Helps share resources
fertile grasslands found in inland areas of Colombia and Venezuela
Ilanos
What early indigenous civilization dominated much of western South America?
Inca
How has South America's role as a cultural melting pot contributed to its unique cultural elements?
Inca buildings cultural traditions religion language music
describe South America's contributions to the arts.
Inca buildings city of Machu Picchu traditional arts panpipes dances
Lake ___________ in Venezuela and Lake ___________ in Bolivia and Peru are South America's largest lakes.
Maracaibo Titicaca
How does climate affect human activities in South America?
Most people live in high altitudes Grow crops in cool climates Good for minerals
How do physical features affect human development?
Mountains are home to many indigenous groups. People settle in Andean highlands for good soil, good climate, and good resources.
What features of South America's landscape have hindered or encouraged development?
Mountains discourage Cities on the coast encourage it
How have South America's abundant natural resources contributed to its economic develo
Oil and gold/silver have given them leverage due to the demand
What physical feature in Argentina and Uruguay creates good areas for raising cattle?
Pampas
Which rivers drain the eastern part of South America?
Parana Paraguay Uruguay
Where were the Moche located? (Territory of which modern country)
Peru
Why is Patagonia called "The End of the World"?
So different from the rest of Chile. Most southern tip of South America.
How has varied access to natural resources in South America promoted different rates of development among countries?
Some countries are bigger then others and don't have as many physical features those countries have an advantage
Later, the Inca created a spectacular, well-organized empire. The Inca Empire was still flourishing when the __________arrived in the sixteenth century.
Spanish
Write a paragraph describing how countries in South America have established transnational and international relationships. Include examples of relations among the countries within South America and countries around the world.
The free trade agreement established with china and europe and the americas :) idek the answer ;)
In what way did the achievements of the Inca work against them?
There achievements is what attracted the Spanish
What did the Inca use in place of written language?
They used quipus. Quipus is knotted cords of different lengths and colors
What can humans do to ensure the survival of Galapagos penguins when El Niño events occur?
Try to find alternative food sources
What is the effect of physical geography on land use and water use in South America?
Water is mainly used along the coast Land: has ajusted to natural features
Why do most South Americans live along the continent's coasts?
a very rugged interior makes human settlement difficult
What did the oil companies do in the jungles of Ecuador that have angered many people?
abandoned oil waste for decades polluted there water
what effect does El Nino have on droughts
after el nino twice as many are recorded
Why is South America one of the world's most culturally diverse areas?
ancient civilizations indigeous poeple africa the americas europe
What is geographical term best describes the Galapagos? They are an __________.
archipelago
Population growth can put great pressure on the natural environment. What two issues are central to the inadequate treatment of wastewater?
chronic poverty and population growth
Mismanagement of the land where rain forests were cleared causes topsoil to blow away and _____________ to occur.
deforestation
The llanos of Colombia and Venezuela and the pampas of Argentina and Uruguay are used for ___________.
grazing of cattle
When _____________ graze, they eat right down to the ground level; herds' movement also destroys plant roots that would have bound the topsoil and kept it from blowing away.
livestock
the cultivation or growth of a single crop over a wide area for a consecutive number of years
monoculture
The Brazilian Highlands cover __________of Brazil's total land area. They have an average elevation of about 3,300 feet (1,000 m).
more than half
How has South America's rugged landscape both attracted and isolated people?
most people live on the coast the mountains and desert and rain forest make a barrier
The Galapagos Islands are just off the __________ coast of South America, situated right along the __________.
northwest Equator
Venezuela has sizeable ___________ reserves, which have led to more growth of its infrastructure and economic development than in neighboring countries that do not have access to the same natural resources.
oil
What natural resource was discovered under the Amazon rainforest?
oil
a thick, weathered soil of the humid tropics that is largely depleted of fertility and nutrients
oxisol
grassy, treeless plains of southern South America
pampas
How has South America's physical geography influenced its population patterns?
people live on the coast
knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records
quipu
The Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay Rivers form Latin America's ___________ river system.
second largest
How does overgrazing worsen processes of desertification?
they eat all the plants to the groud it makes the soil weak
How have indigenous peoples and Europeans contributed to the creation of modern governments in South America?
took previous rulings as there own still some governments are unstable
condition in which some places do not benefit as much as others from social and economic advancement
uneven development
Just as in the mountainous areas of Mexico and Central America, ___________ are found in the highlands of South America.
vertical climate zones
What other factors are contributing to economic growth in South America?
More countries are finding trade partners Becoming more internationally involved
