Geography Chapter 9 Test

Inca Empire was spread all along which geographical feature?

The Andes

Name and describe the two inland grasslands areas of South America.

The Llanos (Columbia and Venezuela) and the Pampas (Argentina and Uruguay) are great for grazing cattle and have good soil

Mismanagement of the land where rain forests were cleared causes topsoil to blow away and _____________ to occur.

deforestation

The mountains encircle the altiplano, which means"___________."

high plain

Because the mountains create natural barriers, many ___________ communities were isolated and developed different customs.

indigenous

How did the American and French revolutions affect South America in the 1800s?

inspired independence movements

How has South America's physical geography influenced its population patterns?

people live on the coast

What were some engineering feats of the Inca?

temples fortresses roads irrigation systems

What countries in South America have large African populations?

All along the northeast coast

Spanish for "high plain," a region in Peru and Bolivia encircled by the Andes

Altiplano

The 4,000 mile (6,400 km) long___________ River flows through Brazil and empties into the Atlantic Ocean.

Amazon

The ___________, which covers much of Brazil and other countries in eastern South America, is the largest of its kind in the world.

Amazon Rainforest

The ___________, the world's longest mountain chain, is made up of a series of mountain ranges which run parallel to one another.

Andes

The inland Gran Chaco lowlands cover parts of __________, __________, and __________. This region is thinly populated.

Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay

parallel chains or ranges of mountains

Cordillera

Why do most of South America's people live on or near the coasts and along major rivers?

Good climate fertile land easy access to transportation

What is the benefit of cooperation between countries in South America?

Helps with trade or problems Helps share resources

fertile grasslands found in inland areas of Colombia and Venezuela

Ilanos

Describe the concept of brain drain and how it relates to the countries of South America.

Is the loss of educated and skilled workers to other countries. loses people to America and Europe

Describe the llanos and the Atacama. Include the climates of the regions and any adaptations that plants and animals must have to survive.

Llanos: Tropical wet.dry scattered with trees have steady rainfall Atacama: Arid, no rainfall ever recorded

What features of South America's landscape have hindered or encouraged development?

Mountains discourage Cities on the coast encourage it

How have South America's abundant natural resources contributed to its economic develo

Oil and gold/silver have given them leverage due to the demand

What physical feature in Argentina and Uruguay creates good areas for raising cattle?

Pampas

Which rivers drain the eastern part of South America?

Parana Paraguay Uruguay

Where were the Moche located? (Territory of which modern country)

Peru

Describe the population trends in South America today. What role does physical geography play in human settlement and movement?

Population growth is steady Physical geography has human settling along the coast and movement from the interior to the coast

what effect does El Nino have on flooding

Strongest ever 97-98. Floods doubled Was felt all the way in Europe

Write a paragraph describing how countries in South America have established transnational and international relationships. Include examples of relations among the countries within South America and countries around the world.

The free trade agreement established with china and europe and the americas :) idek the answer ;)

In what way did the achievements of the Inca work against them?

There achievements is what attracted the Spanish

What can humans do to ensure the survival of Galapagos penguins when El Niño events occur?

Try to find alternative food sources

What is the effect of physical geography on land use and water use in South America?

Water is mainly used along the coast Land: has ajusted to natural features

What did the oil companies do in the jungles of Ecuador that have angered many people?

abandoned oil waste for decades polluted there water

what effect does El Nino have on droughts

after el nino twice as many are recorded

Why is South America one of the world's most culturally diverse areas?

ancient civilizations indigeous poeple africa the americas europe

the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries

brain drain

Two causes of environmental pollution in South America are large-scale _____________ production and the growth of _____________ , or favelas.

economic slums

the cultivation or growth of a single crop over a wide area for a consecutive number of years

monoculture

The Brazilian Highlands cover __________of Brazil's total land area. They have an average elevation of about 3,300 feet (1,000 m).

more than half

How has South America's rugged landscape both attracted and isolated people?

most people live on the coast the mountains and desert and rain forest make a barrier

The Galapagos Islands are just off the __________ coast of South America, situated right along the __________.

northwest Equator

Venezuela has sizeable ___________ reserves, which have led to more growth of its infrastructure and economic development than in neighboring countries that do not have access to the same natural resources.

oil

What natural resource was discovered under the Amazon rainforest?

oil

a thick, weathered soil of the humid tropics that is largely depleted of fertility and nutrients

oxisol

grassy, treeless plains of southern South America

pampas

knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records

quipu

_______ is one result of too much farming, construction, logging, fires, and overgrazing.

soil erosion

What examples of music show how Native American, African, and European musical traditions intertwine?

tango has unique styles

How does overgrazing worsen processes of desertification?

they eat all the plants to the groud it makes the soil weak

How have indigenous peoples and Europeans contributed to the creation of modern governments in South America?

took previous rulings as there own still some governments are unstable

condition in which some places do not benefit as much as others from social and economic advancement

uneven development

Just as in the mountainous areas of Mexico and Central America, ___________ are found in the highlands of South America.

vertical climate zones

What landforms are found in the areas where the majority of indigenous people live?

Andes

What draws people from rural areas to cities such as São Paulo, Buenos Aires, or Bogotá?

higher wages better living conditions escape from violence

The Moche culture, which existed in South America before the Inca, built stone buildings and sophisticated ___________ systems.

irrigation

The Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay Rivers form Latin America's ___________ river system.

second largest

When _____________ graze, they eat right down to the ground level; herds' movement also destroys plant roots that would have bound the topsoil and kept it from blowing away.

livestock

How were the policies of Perón similar to those of Chávez?

Both had to do with nationalsim and populist

The southernmost portion of South America is called __________.

Cape Horn

What early indigenous civilization dominated much of western South America?

Inca

How has South America's role as a cultural melting pot contributed to its unique cultural elements?

Inca buildings cultural traditions religion language music

describe South America's contributions to the arts.

Inca buildings city of Machu Picchu traditional arts panpipes dances

How are transportation and manufacturing related in South America?

Manufacturing only happens where transportation is easily accessible

What is the family unit like in urban upper and middle classes?

a nuclear household

Why do most South Americans live along the continent's coasts?

a very rugged interior makes human settlement difficult

What is geographical term best describes the Galapagos? They are an __________.

archipelago

People are cutting down large areas of South America's rain forests. This threatens the forests' _____________ , or variety of plants and animals.

biodiversity

What led to the end of the Inca Empire?

conquered by the Spanish

a steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface

escarpment

The llanos of Colombia and Venezuela and the pampas of Argentina and Uruguay are used for ___________.

grazing of cattle

What are some Ecuadorians doing to try to remedy the situation?

sue the company

How are South America's rivers important for economic development?

Usually for transportation

What generalization can you make about the location of agroforestry and shifting cultivation in South America?

Are in the amazon river basin (a wet climate should help)

What happened to the city of Machu Picchu after it was abandoned?

"Lost" in a cloud forest discovered in 1911

Describe the order of events beginning with changes in the atmospheric pressure systems that lead to the impacts caused by El Niño.

1) Descending dry air 2) Wind moves east 3) warm air rises

Name three predominant climates in South America and describe their locations.

1) Tropical wet- Eastern 2)Tropical wet/dry-North central 3) Humid Subtropical- southeast

.The Cordilleras include those lesser mountains that stretch out from the Andes. These mountains stretch as far as __________, __________, and __________.

Columbia, Bolivia, and Venezuela

What is the effect of El Niño events, on the penguins of the Galapagos?

Decreases number of plankton which is the base of their foodchain

South American economies have been boosted by global demand for what kinds of products?

Demand for raw natural resources

A climate phenomenon called ___________ creates warm ocean conditions that affect weather, fishing, and agriculture.

El Nino

Why might geographers use the term pre-Columbian when studying cultures?

Everything changed when the europeans arrived

What are some physical features of the Atacama Desert?

Extravagant volcanic plains Remote No plants No rain ever recorded

what effect does El Nino have on forest fires

can even set fire to rain forests

Population growth can put great pressure on the natural environment. What two issues are central to the inadequate treatment of wastewater?

chronic poverty and population growth

What are two examples of how South America's physical geography affects human activities?

1) Fertile soil in Andean highlands 2)The Llanos and Pampas have fertile soil and a lot of grazing cattle(farmers)

What are the three main religions in South America (in order of popularity)? List the most popular first.

1)Roman Catholic 2)Traditional religions 3)Christianity

The Atacama Desert lies between a series of coastal mountains to the west and the Andes Mountains to the east. To the northeast is the Atacama Plateau, with elevations of __________.

11,000-13,000 ft

Several peaks in the Andes Mountains tower to elevations of greater than __________. In comparison, the highest point in the Rocky Mountains of North America is just over __________.

20,000 ft 14,400 ft

How did the city of Machu Picchu display advanced skills in construction?

Built inside the mountain Built for earthquakes

Explain how the environmental impacts of El Niño could have negative economic effects on countries.

Can have an effect on fishing, agriculture. If a country relies on something that is destroyed, it will hurt the economy

In what ways have the populations of the Andes region become dependent on their environment?

The indigenous people have lifestyles based on the highlands, such as agriculture

How do Chile's natural features contrast with the country's human-made features?

The natural features are adapted to the area. The human made features are new and are made to help the country succeed

Lake ___________ in Venezuela and Lake ___________ in Bolivia and Peru are South America's largest lakes.

Maracaibo Titicaca

How do physical features affect human development?

Mountains are home to many indigenous groups. People settle in Andean highlands for good soil, good climate, and good resources.

Why is Patagonia called "The End of the World"?

So different from the rest of Chile. Most southern tip of South America.

How has varied access to natural resources in South America promoted different rates of development among countries?

Some countries are bigger then others and don't have as many physical features those countries have an advantage

Later, the Inca created a spectacular, well-organized empire. The Inca Empire was still flourishing when the __________arrived in the sixteenth century.

Spanish

What did Bolivia lose as a result of the War of the Pacific?

They lost there ocean access which was the Atacama desert

What did the Inca use in place of written language?

They used quipus. Quipus is knotted cords of different lengths and colors

What other factors are contributing to economic growth in South America?

More countries are finding trade partners Becoming more internationally involved

How does climate affect human activities in South America?

Most people live in high altitudes Grow crops in cool climates Good for minerals