GI/GU

A nurse cares for a client who has secondary obesity. Which condition is the most likely to result in secondary obesity? Cushing's disease Addison's disease Grave's disease Crohn's disease

Cushing's disease Cushing's disease, results from excess cortisol in the blood. This increases the risk of obesity. The other diseases or conditions listed most likely causes weight loss, not weight gain.

A nurse is teaching a client who has experienced an episode of acute gastritis. The nurse knows further education is necessary when the client makes which statement? "I should feel better in about 24 to 36 hours." "My appetite should come back tomorrow." "I should limit alcohol intake, at least until symptoms subside." "Once I can eat again, I should stick with bland foods."

"My appetite should come back tomorrow." The gastric mucosa is capable of repairing itself after an episode of gastritis. As a rule, the client recovers in about 1 day, although the appetite may be diminished for an additional 2 or 3 days. Acute gastritis is also managed by instructing the client to refrain from alcohol and food until symptoms subside. When the client can take nourishment by mouth, a nonirritating diet is recommended.

An older adult client is admitted to an acute care facility for treatment of an acute flare-up of a chronic gastrointestinal condition. In addition to assessing the client for complications of the current illness, the nurse monitors for age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Which age-related change increases the risk of anemia? Atrophy of the gastric mucosa Decrease in intestinal flora Increase in bile secretion Dulling of nerve impulses

Atrophy of the gastric mucosa Atrophy of the gastric mucosa reduces hydrochloric acid secretion; this, in turn, impairs absorption of iron and vitamin B12, increasing the risk of anemia as a person ages. A decrease in hydrochloric acid increases, not decreases, intestinal flora; as a result, the client is at increased risk for infection, not anemia. A reduction, not increase, in bile secretion may lead to malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Dulling of nerve impulses associated with aging increases the risk of constipation, not anemia.

A client is prescribed a histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist. The nurse understands that this might include which medication(s)? Select all that apply. Nizatidine Lansoprazole Famotidine Cimetidine Esomeprazole

Cimetidine Nizatidine (Axid) Famotidine (Pepcid) H2-receptor antagonists suppress secretion of gastric acid, alleviate symptoms of heartburn, and assist in preventing complications of peptic ulcer disease. These medications also suppress gastric acid secretions and are used in active ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis, and pathological hypersecretory conditions. The other medications listed are proton-pump inhibitors.

Which drug is considered a stimulant laxative? Magnesium hydroxide Bisacodyl Mineral oil Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative. Magnesium hydroxide is a saline agent. Mineral oil is a lubricant. Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid is a bulk-forming agent.

A client is admitted to the health care facility with a diagnosis of a bleeding gastric ulcer. The nurse expects the client's stools to have which description? Coffee-ground-like Clay-colored Black and tarry Bright red

Black and tarry Black, tarry stools are a sign of bleeding high in the GI tract, as from a gastric ulcer, and result from the action of digestive enzymes on the blood. Vomitus associated with upper GI tract bleeding commonly is described as coffee-ground-like. Clay-colored stools are associated with biliary obstruction. Bright red stools indicate lower GI tract bleeding.

What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client being treated for diverticulosis? Avoid unprocessed bran in the diet Avoid daily exercise; indulge only in mild activity Drink at least 8 to 10 large glasses of fluid every day Use laxatives or enemas at least once a week

Drink at least 8 to 10 large glasses of fluid every day The nurse should instruct a client with diverticulosis to drink at least 8 to 10 large glasses of fluid every day. The client should include unprocessed bran in the diet because it adds bulk, and should avoid the use of laxatives or enemas except when recommended by the physician. In addition, regular exercise should be encouraged if the client's current lifestyle is somewhat inactive.

The nurse is conducting a community education class on gastritis. The nurse includes that chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori is implicated in which disease/condition? Pernicious anemia Systemic infection Peptic ulcers Colostomy

Peptic ulcers Chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori is implicated in the development of peptic ulcers. Chronic gastritis is sometimes associated with autoimmune disease, such as pernicious anemia, but not as a cause of the anemia. Chronic gastritis is not implicated in system infections and/or colostomies.

A client with severe peptic ulcer disease has undergone surgery and is several hours postoperative. During assessment, the nurse notes that the client has developed cool skin, tachycardia, labored breathing, and appears to be confused. Which complication has the client most likely developed? Hemorrhage Penetration Perforation Pyloric obstruction

Hemorrhage Signs of hemorrhage following surgery include cool skin, confusion, increased heart rate, labored breathing, and blood in the stool. Signs of penetration and perforation are severe abdominal pain, rigid and tender abdomen, vomiting, elevated temperature, and increased heart rate. Indicators of pyloric obstruction are nausea, vomiting, distended abdomen, and abdominal pain.

A client with obesity is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In order to promote weight loss in the client and aid in glucose management, which medication will the nurse anticipate the health care provider ordering? Metformin Glipizide Glyburide Pioglitazone

Metformin Metformin (Glucophage) is a diabetes medication that also promotes weight loss. The other medications are diabetes medications; however, these promote weight gain, not weight loss.

Peptic ulcer disease occurs more frequently in people with which blood type? A B AB O

O

A group of students are studying for an examination on the gastrointestinal (GI) system and are reviewing the structures of the esophagus and stomach. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as the opening between the stomach and duodenum? Cardiac sphincter Hypopharyngeal sphincter Ileocecal valve Pyloric sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

The nurse is assessing a client for constipation. Which factor should the nurse review first to identify the cause of constipation? Alcohol consumption Activity levels Usual pattern of elimination Current medications

Usual pattern of elimination Constipation has many possible reasons and assessing the client's usual pattern of elimination is the first step in identifying the cause. The nurse should obtain a description of the bowel elimination pattern, asking about the frequency, overall appearance and consistency of stool, blood in the stool, pain, and effort necessary to pass stool. It is also essential for the nurse to review the client's current medications, diet, and activity levels.

A client is admitted to the emergency department with reports right lower quadrant pain. Blood specimens are drawn and sent to the laboratory. Which laboratory finding should be reported to the health care provider immediately? Hematocrit 42% White blood cell (WBC) count 22.8/mm3 Serum potassium 4.2 mEq/L Serum sodium 135 mEq/L

White blood cell (WBC) count 22.8/mm3 The nurse should report the elevated WBC count. This finding, which is a sign of infection, indicates that the client's appendix might have ruptured. Hematocrit of 42%, serum potassium of 4.2 mEq/L, and serum sodium of 135 mEq/L are within normal limits. Alterations in these levels don't indicate appendicitis.

The most common symptom of esophageal disease is nausea. vomiting. dysphagia. odynophagia.

dysphagia This symptom may vary from an uncomfortable feeling that a bolus of food is caught in the upper esophagus to acute pain upon swallowing. Nausea is the most common symptom of gastrointestinal problems in general. Vomiting is a nonspecific symptom that may have a variety of causes. Odynophagia refers specifically to acute pain upon swallowing.

Diet therapy for clients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) includes: caffeinated products. spicy foods. high-fiber diet. fluids with meals.

high-fiber diet. A high-fiber diet is prescribed to help control constipation. Individuals experiencing diarrhea may be advised to eat a low-fiber diet. Foods that are possible irritants, such as caffeine, spicy foods, lactose, beans, fried foods, corn, wheat, and alcohol, should be avoided. Fluids should not be taken with meals because they cause abdominal distention.

The nurse recognizes that the client diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer will likely experience vomiting. hemorrhage. pain 2 to 3 hours after a meal. weight loss.

pain 2 to 3 hours after a meal. The client with a gastric ulcer often awakens between 1 and 2 with pain, and ingestion of food brings relief. Vomiting is uncommon in the client with duodenal ulcer. Hemorrhage is less likely in the client with duodenal ulcer than the client with gastric ulcer. The client with a duodenal ulcer may experience weight gain.