Give me liberty ch 1-5

Who in the sixteenth-century Spanish empire would have the most authority?

An administrative official from Spain.

Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?

Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic.

What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations?

Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.

When Native Americans first encountered Europeans, what led to the European diseases being so deadly?

Centuries of continental isolation meant the Native Americans had no immunity.

Which one of the following is true about Native Americans and material wealth?

Chiefs were expected to share some of their goods rather than hoard them

During the reign of ________, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.

Elizabeth I

When comparing English colonies to Spanish ones:

England sent more people to the Americas in the seventeenth century.

How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?

English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.

Henry Hudson:

English navigator who discovered the Hudson River

Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World?

Florida was the first region in the present-day continental United States that Spain colonized.

Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, ________ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains.

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

What was in the "Declaration of Josephe"?

He declared that the Spanish God was dead.

What geographic error did Columbus make?

He grossly underestimated the size of the earth

What was the most significant result of Ferdinand Magellan's explorations?

His voyages showed that the circumference of the earth was longer than what Columbus had estimated.

Which indigenous group formed the Great League of Peace?

Iroquois

Which statement is true of New France?

Its population was limited at best, because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power.

Which of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?

Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island.

When European clergy read to Native Americans from the Bible about God creating the world in six days, was there anything relatable for Native Americans?

Many Native Americans concurred with the idea of a single supreme being creating the world.

Which one of the following statements is true of Spanish emigrants to the New World?

Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor.

Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?

Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands

In 1517, the German priest ________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption.

Martin Luther

A substantial difference between the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Santa Fe was that:

Mexico had more Spanish settlers because of gold.

When compared to European societies, how did Indian gender relations differ?

Most, but not all, Indian societies were matrilineal.

Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century?

Netherlands

A seventeenth-century colonial woman who believed she was cheated out of money would have the best chance of having her case heard if she lived in:

New Amsterdam

Acoma was an Indian city in present-day ________ that the Spanish destroyed.

New Mexico

Which of the following statements about Spanish America is true?

Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African.

After conquests ended and settlements were built, who stood atop the social hierarchy in Spanish America?

Peninsulares.

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded:

Quebec

The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was:

Sant Fe.

Which of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England, who reigned from 1553 to 1558?

She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state religion of England.

Where was the Spanish settlement Santa Elena located?

South Carolina

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now:

Southwestern United States

The Black Legend described:

Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer

According to Bartolomé de Las Casas:

Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.

What was a difference between Chinese and Portuguese navigation?

The Chinese were not looking to discover new places.

How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?

The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.

Unlike Spanish missionaries, the Jesuits did what in regard to converting Indians?

The Jesuits did not suppress traditional Indian religious customs.

After exploring the Atlantic Coast in the late sixteenth century, an Englishman writes in his journal about untouched wilderness. What could this description mean to a European?

The Native Americans never used this area, so the land now belonged to the English.

Why were Bartolomeu Dias's and Vasco da Gama's voyages important?

Their voyages opened up much more direct trade with Asia.

To solidify Spain's unification, what did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella do?

They joined with the Moor leadership to bring about harmony.

Religious dissension in England during the first half of the seventeenth century resulted in:

a civil war

At the heart of the English Civil War was:

a question of sovereignty in who would make decisions for the government.

In the fifteenth century, a big impetus for European exploration was:

a sea route to Asia to obtain luxury goods. gold in China.

"Coverture" refers to:

a woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries.

The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs:

disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake.

The separation of church and state in Massachusetts during the seventeenth century:

doesnt resemble us gov

As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:

efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis.

Anne Hutchinson's trial demonstrated that:

elders lacked intolerance

For Native Americans along the Atlantic Coast, disease and:

environmental factors had effect

Pre-Columbian Native Americans lacked metal tools:

europe thought superior

France's relations with Native American tribes can be described as a marriage of necessity because:

few came to N america

People from ________ were most likely to go to other European countries or rival colonies before settling in one of their own ________ colonies.

france, french

The Half-Way Covenant of 1662 addressed:

general conflicts

Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World?

gov provided insufficient financial support

In colonial America, what was an example of a borderlands area?

great lakes

What was the significance of Puerto Rico?

had gold

When comparing the Chesapeake colonies to the New England settlements:

had more endentured servants

Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because:

he merchants were known as factors.

How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty?

hey supported tolerance in religious matters in their colony.

As early as 1615, the ________ people of present-day southern Ontario and upper New York State forged a trading alliance with the French, and many of them converted to Catholicism.

huron

n 1776, Adam Smith observed what fact about the Western Hemisphere?

indians suffered great misfortune

________ describes best the actions of the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay.

intolerant

African enslavement of other Africans:

involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.

ust as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?

ireland

Compared to the Chesapeake colonies, New England had more economic equality because it had more:

landowners

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were:

large,wealthy,sophisticated

Who would most admire today's America with its constitutional protections of equal rights for all?

levellers

In 1492, the Native American population:

lived mostly in Central and South America

Patroonship in New Netherland:

meant that shareholders received large estates for transporting tenants for agricultural labor.

In approximately 7000 BCE, agriculture developed in the Americas in:

mexico and peru

In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called "Christian liberty,"

mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ—concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing.

Where did mound-building tribes flourish?

ohio river valley

Who was most likely to build the best relationships with the Native Americans?

pilgrims

As governor of New Netherland, Petrus Stuyvesant:

refused the open practice of religion by Quakers and Lutherans.

What role did the "enclosure" movement play in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England?

t created a crisis where many people had no way to make a living.

The first French explorations of the New World:

were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.

Native American religious ceremonies:

were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.

Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700, which area in the Western Hemisphere received the most settlers?

west indies

The actions of Bartolomé de las Casas can best be described in modern-day terminology as that of a(n):

whistleblower.

In regard to geography, English colonies:

were in colder climates than Spanish colonies.

The Virginia Company can be called a failure primarily because:

did not make money

Which European city was known in the early seventeenth century as a haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain?

amsterdam

In regard to history, what was a borderland?

an unclear geographical and cultural border

Where did the first peoples to the Americas come from?

asia

The actions of the Pueblo Indians at Santa Fe in 1680 can best be described as:

be assertive

As the sixteenth century progressed in New England, the growing commerce:

brought religious and economic values into conflict.

In 1607, the colonists who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships:

chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships.

A significant difference between the Vikings and Columbus was that:

columbus received more public acclaim

The New Laws of 1542:

commanded that Indians no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions.

In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch:

concentrated more on economics than religious conversion.

An example of a freedom that most Native Americans would hold in high esteem would be:

the chance to work with other tribe members to build a house.

A commonality shared between the Asians who crossed the Bering Strait and the Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years later was:

the search for food items.

The Columbian Exchange was:

the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans:

tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans.

The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century:

used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production.

Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church?

wanted divorce pope refused

In England, the idea of working for wages:

was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.

The Spanish empire in America:

was, unlike the French and English New World empires, a mostly urban civilization.

The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:

were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.